adapted German to 1.5

next-lib/src/german/AdjectiveGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+concrete AdjectiveGer of Adjective = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    PositA  a = {
+      s = a.s ! Posit ;
+      isPre = True
+      } ;
+    ComparA a np = {
+      s = \\af => a.s ! Compar ! af ++ conjThan ++ np.s ! Nom ;
+      isPre = True
+      } ;
+
+-- $SuperlA$ belongs to determiner syntax in $Noun$.
+
+    ComplA2 a np = {
+      s = \\af => a.s ! Posit ! af ++ appPrep a.c2 np.s ; 
+      isPre = True
+      } ;
+
+    ReflA2 a = {
+      s = \\af => a.s ! Posit ! APred ++ appPrep a.c2 (reflPron ! agrP3 Sg) ; --- agr 
+      isPre = True
+      } ;
+
+    SentAP ap sc = {
+      s = \\a => ap.s ! a ++ sc.s ; 
+      isPre = False
+      } ;
+
+    AdAP ada ap = {
+      s = \\a => ada.s ++ ap.s ! a ;
+      isPre = ap.isPre
+      } ;
+
+    UseA2 a = a ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/AdverbGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+concrete AdverbGer of Adverb = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
+
+  lin
+    PositAdvAdj a = {s = a.s ! Posit ! APred} ;
+
+    ComparAdvAdj cadv a np = {
+      s = cadv.s ++ a.s ! Posit ! APred ++ conjThan ++ np.s ! Nom
+      } ;
+    ComparAdvAdjS cadv a s = {
+      s = cadv.s ++ a.s ! Posit ! APred ++ conjThan ++ s.s ! Sub
+      } ;
+
+    PrepNP prep np = {s = appPrep prep np.s} ;
+
+    AdAdv = cc2 ;
+
+    SubjS subj s = {s = subj.s ++ s.s ! Sub} ;
+
+    AdnCAdv cadv = {s = cadv.s ++ conjThan} ;
+
+}
+
+---b    AdvSC s = s ;

next-lib/src/german/AllGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete AllGer of AllGerAbs = 
+  LangGer,
+  IrregGer,
+  ExtraGer
+  ** {} ;

next-lib/src/german/AllGerAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+abstract AllGerAbs = 
+  Lang,
+  IrregGerAbs,
+  ExtraGerAbs
+  ** {} ;

next-lib/src/german/CatGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+concrete CatGer of Cat = 
+  CommonX - [Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond,TTAnt,Temp] ** 
+  open ResGer, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lincat
+
+-- Tensed/Untensed
+
+    S  = {s : Order => Str} ;
+    QS = {s : QForm => Str} ;
+    RS = {s : GenNum => Str ; c : Case} ;
+    SSlash = {s : Order => Str} ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
+
+-- Sentence
+
+    Cl = {s : Mood => ResGer.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str} ;
+    ClSlash = {
+      s : Mood => ResGer.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str ; 
+      c2 : Preposition
+      } ;
+    Imp = {s : Polarity => ImpForm => Str} ;
+
+-- Question
+
+    QCl = {s : Mood => ResGer.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => QForm => Str} ;
+    IP = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IComp = {s : Agr => Str} ; 
+    IDet = {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IQuant = {s : Number => Gender => Case => Str} ;
+
+-- Relative
+
+    RCl = {s : Mood => ResGer.Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => GenNum => Str ; c : Case} ;
+    RP = {s : GenNum => Case => Str ; a : RAgr} ;
+
+-- Verb
+
+    VP = ResGer.VP ;
+    VPSlash = ResGer.VP ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
+    Comp = {s : Agr => Str} ; 
+
+-- Adjective
+
+    AP = {s : AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool} ; 
+
+-- Noun
+
+    CN = {s : Adjf => Number => Case => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+    NP = {s : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
+    Pron = {s : NPForm => Str ; a : Agr} ;
+    Det = {s,sp : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number ; a : Adjf} ;
+    Quant = {
+      s  : Bool => Number => Gender => Case => Str ; 
+      sp : Number => Gender => Case => Str ; 
+      a  : Adjf
+      } ;
+    Art = {s : Bool => Number => Gender => Case => Str ; a : Adjf} ;
+    Predet = {s : Number => Gender => Case => Str} ;
+    Num = {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number ; isNum : Bool} ;
+    Card = {s : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Ord = {s : AForm => Str} ;
+
+-- Numeral
+
+    Numeral = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number } ;
+    Digits = {s : CardOrd => Str ; n : Number } ;
+
+-- Structural
+
+    Conj = {s1,s2 : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Subj = {s : Str} ;
+    Prep = {s : Str ; c : Case} ;
+
+-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
+
+    V, VS, VQ, VA = ResGer.Verb ; -- = {s : VForm => Str} ;
+    VV = Verb ** {isAux : Bool} ;
+    V2, V2A, V2S, V2Q = Verb ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
+    V2V = Verb ** {c2 : Preposition ; isAux : Bool} ;
+    V3 = Verb ** {c2, c3 : Preposition} ;
+
+    A  = {s : Degree => AForm => Str} ;
+    A2 = {s : Degree => AForm => Str ; c2 : Preposition} ;
+
+    N  = {s : Number => Case => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+    N2 = {s : Number => Case => Str ; g : Gender} ** {c2 : Preposition} ;
+    N3 = {s : Number => Case => Str ; g : Gender} ** {c2,c3 : Preposition} ;
+    PN = {s : Case => Str} ;
+
+-- tense with possibility to choose conjunctive forms
+
+    Temp = {s : Str ; t : ResGer.Tense ; a : Anteriority ; m : Mood} ;
+    Tense = {s : Str ; t : ResGer.Tense ; m : Mood} ;
+
+  lin
+    TPres = {s = [] ; t = Pres ; m = MIndic} ;
+    TPast = {s = [] ; t = Past ; m = MIndic} ;   --# notpresent
+    TFut  = {s = [] ; t = Fut  ; m = MIndic} ;   --# notpresent
+    TCond = {s = [] ; t = Cond ; m = MIndic} ;   --# notpresent
+}

next-lib/src/german/ConjunctionGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+concrete ConjunctionGer of Conjunction = 
+  CatGer ** open ResGer, Coordination, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    ConjS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Order conj ss ;
+
+    ConjAdv conj ss = conjunctDistrSS conj ss ;
+
+    ConjNP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Case conj ss ** {
+      a = {g = Fem ; n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p}
+      } ;
+
+    ConjAP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable AForm conj ss ** {
+      isPre = ss.isPre
+      } ;
+
+{- ---b
+    ConjS conj ss =  conjunctTable Order conj ss ;
+    DConjS conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Order conj ss ;
+
+    ConjAdv conj ss = conjunctSS conj ss ;
+    DConjAdv conj ss = conjunctDistrSS conj ss ;
+
+    ConjNP conj ss = conjunctTable Case conj ss ** {
+      a = {g = Fem ; n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p}
+      } ;
+    DConjNP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable Case conj ss ** {
+      a = {g = Fem ; n = conjNumber conj.n ss.a.n ; p = ss.a.p}
+      } ;
+
+    ConjAP conj ss = conjunctTable AForm conj ss ** {
+      isPre = ss.isPre
+      } ;
+    DConjAP conj ss = conjunctDistrTable AForm conj ss ** {
+      isPre = ss.isPre
+      } ;
+-}
+
+-- These fun's are generated from the list cat's.
+
+    BaseS = twoTable Order ;
+    ConsS = consrTable Order comma ;
+    BaseAdv = twoSS ;
+    ConsAdv = consrSS comma ;
+    BaseNP x y = twoTable Case x y ** {a = conjAgr x.a y.a} ;
+    ConsNP xs x = consrTable Case comma xs x ** {a = conjAgr xs.a x.a} ;
+    BaseAP x y = twoTable AForm x y ** {isPre = andB x.isPre y.isPre} ;
+    ConsAP xs x = consrTable AForm comma xs x ** {isPre = andB xs.isPre x.isPre} ;
+
+  lincat
+    [S] = {s1,s2 : Order => Str} ;
+    [Adv] = {s1,s2 : Str} ;
+    [NP] = {s1,s2 : Case => Str ; a : Agr} ;
+    [AP] = {s1,s2 : AForm => Str ; isPre : Bool} ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/ExtGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+--concrete ExtGer of ExtGerAbs = CatGer ** open ResGer in {
+--
+--  lincat
+--
+--    Aux = {s : Polarity => Str} ;
+--    
+--  lin
+-- 
+--    PredAux np aux vp = mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a {
+--      s = \\t,ant,b,ord,agr => 
+--        let 
+--          fin  = aux.s ! b ;
+--          vf : Str -> Str -> {fin, inf : Str} = \x,y -> 
+--            {fin = x ; inf = y} ;
+--        in
+--        case ant of {
+--          Simul => vf fin [] ;
+--          Anter => vf fin "have"
+--          } ;
+--      s2 = \\agr => infVP vp agr
+--      } ;
+--
+--    can_Aux  = {s = \\p => posneg p "can"} ; ---- cannt
+--    must_Aux = {s = \\p => posneg p "must"} ;
+--
+--}

next-lib/src/german/ExtraGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+concrete ExtraGer of ExtraGerAbs = CatGer ** 
+  open ResGer, Coordination, Prelude, IrregGer in {
+
+  lincat
+    VPI   = {s : Bool => Str} ;
+    [VPI] = {s1,s2 : Bool => Str} ;
+  lin
+    BaseVPI = twoTable Bool ;
+    ConsVPI = consrTable Bool comma ;
+
+    MkVPI vp = {s = \\b => useInfVP b vp} ;
+    ConjVPI = conjunctDistrTable Bool ;
+
+    ComplVPIVV v vpi = 
+        insertInf (vpi.s ! v.isAux) (
+            predVGen v.isAux v) ; ----
+{-
+      insertExtrapos vpi.p3 (
+        insertInf vpi.p2 (
+          insertObj vpi.p1 (
+            predVGen v.isAux v))) ;
+-}
+
+    PPzuAdv cn = {s = case cn.g of {
+      Masc | Neutr => "zum" ;
+      Fem => "zur"
+      } ++ cn.s ! adjfCase Weak Dat ! Sg ! Dat 
+    } ;
+
+    TImpfSubj  = {s = [] ; t = Past ; m = MConjunct} ;   --# notpresent
+
+    moegen_VV = auxVV mögen_V ;
+
+} 

next-lib/src/german/ExtraGerAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+abstract ExtraGerAbs = Extra [
+  VPI,ListVPI,BaseVPI,ConsVPI,MkVPI,ComplVPIVV,ConjVPI,
+  VV,VP,Conj] ** {
+
+  fun
+    PPzuAdv   : CN -> Adv ;  -- zum Lied, zur Flasche
+    TImpfSubj : Tense ;      -- ich möchte...   --# notpresent
+
+    moegen_VV : VV ;         -- ich mag/möchte singen
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/GrammarGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarGer of Grammar = 
+  NounGer, 
+  VerbGer, 
+  AdjectiveGer,
+  AdverbGer,
+  NumeralGer,
+  SentenceGer,
+  QuestionGer,
+  RelativeGer,
+  ConjunctionGer,
+  PhraseGer,
+  TextX - [Tense,TPres,TPast,TFut,TCond,TTAnt,Temp],
+  IdiomGer,
+  StructuralGer
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

next-lib/src/german/IdiomGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+concrete IdiomGer of Idiom = CatGer ** 
+  open MorphoGer, ParadigmsGer, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    ImpersCl vp = mkClause "es" (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
+    GenericCl vp = mkClause "man" (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
+
+    CleftNP np rs = mkClause "es" (agrP3 Sg) 
+      (insertExtrapos (rs.s ! gennum np.a.g np.a.n) ----
+        (insertObj (\\_ => np.s ! rs.c) (predV MorphoGer.sein_V))) ;
+
+    CleftAdv ad s = mkClause "es" (agrP3 Sg) 
+      (insertExtrapos (conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub)
+        (insertObj (\\_ => ad.s) (predV MorphoGer.sein_V))) ;
+
+
+    ExistNP np = 
+      mkClause "es" (agrP3 Sg) 
+        (insertObj (\\_ => appPrep geben.c2 np.s) 
+          (predV geben)) ;
+
+    ExistIP ip = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,p => 
+            let 
+              cls = 
+                (mkClause "es" (agrP3 Sg)  (predV geben)).s ! m ! t ! a ! p ;
+              who = ip.s ! Acc
+            in table {
+              QDir   => who ++ cls ! Inv ;
+              QIndir => who ++ cls ! Sub
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    ProgrVP = insertAdv "eben" ; ----
+
+    ImpPl1 vp = {s = 
+      (mkClause "wir" {g = Fem ; n = Pl ; p = P1} vp).s ! 
+                           MConjunct ! Pres ! Simul ! Pos ! Inv 
+      } ;
+
+  oper
+    geben = dirV2 (mk6V "geben" "gibt" "gib" "gab" "gäbe" "gegeben") ;
+}
+

next-lib/src/german/IrregGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude:../abstract:../common
+
+-- adapted from verb list in
+-- http://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/~wernerr/grammar/verben_dt.html
+
+concrete IrregGer of IrregGerAbs = CatGer ** open 
+  ParadigmsGer,
+  (M = MorphoGer)
+in {
+
+  flags optimize=values ;
+
+  lin backen_V =  irregV "backen" "bäckt" (variants {"backt" ; "buk"}) (variants {"backt" ; "buke"}) "gebacken" ;
+  lin befehlen_V =  irregV "befehlen" "befiehlt" "befahl" "beföhle" "befähle)" ;
+  lin beginnen_V =  irregV "beginnen" "beginnt" "begann" "begönne" "begänne)" ;
+  lin beißen_V =  irregV "beißen" "beißt" "biß" "biße" "gebissen" ;
+  lin bergen_V =  irregV "bergen" "birgt" "barg" "bärge" "geborgen" ;
+  lin bersten_V =  irregV "bersten" "birst" "barst" "bärste" "geborsten" ;
+  lin bewegen_V =  irregV "bewegen" "bewegt" "bewog" "bewöge" "bewogen" ;
+  lin biegen_V =  irregV "biegen" "biegt" "bog" "böge" "gebogen" ;
+  lin bieten_V =  irregV "bieten" "bietet" "bot" "böte" "geboten" ;
+  lin binden_V =  irregV "binden" "bindt" "band" "bände" "gebunden" ;
+  lin bitten_V =  irregV "bitten" "bittet" "bat" "bäte" "gebeten" ;
+  lin blasen_V =  irregV "blasen" "bläst" "blies" "bliese" "geblasen" ;
+  lin bleiben_V =  irregV "bleiben" "bleibt" "blieb" "bliebe" "geblieben" ;
+  lin braten_V =  irregV "braten" "brät" "briet" "briete" "gebraten" ;
+  lin brechen_V =  irregV "brechen" "bricht" "brach" "bräche" "gebrochen" ;
+  lin brennen_V =  irregV "brennen" "brennt" "brannte" "brennte" "gebrannt" ;
+  lin bringen_V =  irregV "bringen" "bringt" "brachte" "brachte" "gebracht" ;
+  lin denken_V =  irregV "denken" "denkt" "dachte" "dachte" "gedacht" ;
+  lin dingen_V =  irregV "dingen" "dingt" "dingte" "dang" "gedungen" ;
+  lin dreschen_V =  irregV "dreschen" "drischt" "drosch" "drösche" "gedroschen" ;
+  lin dringen_V =  irregV "dringen" "dringt" "drang" "dränge" "gedrungen" ;
+  lin dürfen_V = M.mkV 
+        "dürfen" "darf" "darfst" "darf" "dürft" "dürf" 
+        "durfte" "durftest" "durften" "durftet"
+        "dürfte" "gedurft" [] 
+        M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  lin empfehlen_V =  irregV "empfehlen" "empfiehlt" "empfahl" 
+    (variants {"empföhle" ; "empfähle"}) "empfohlen" ;
+  lin erlöschen_V =  irregV "erlöschen" "erlischt" "erlosch" "erlösche" "erloschen" ;
+  lin erkennen_V =  irregV "erkennen" "erkennt" "erkannte" "erkannte" "erkannt" ;
+  lin erschrecken_V =  irregV "erschrecken" "erschrickt" "erschrak" "erschräke" "erschrocken" ;
+  lin essen_V =  irregV "essen" "ißt" "aß" "äße" "gegessen" ;
+  lin fahren_V =  irregV "fahren" "fährt" "fuhr" "führe" "gefahren" ;
+  lin fallen_V =  irregV "fallen" "fällt" "fiel" "fiele" "gefallen" ;
+  lin fangen_V =  irregV "fangen" "fängt" "fing" "finge" "gefangen" ;
+  lin fechten_V =  irregV "fechten" "fechtet" "focht" "föchte" "gefochten" ;
+  lin finden_V =  irregV "finden" "findt" "fand" "fände" "gefunden" ;
+  lin flechten_V =  irregV "flechten" "flicht" "flocht" "flöchte" "geflochten" ;
+  lin fliegen_V =  irregV "fliegen" "fliegt" "flog" "flöge" "geflogen" ;
+  lin fliehen_V =  irregV "fliehen" "flieht" "floh" "flöhe" "geflohen" ;
+  lin fließen_V =  irregV "fließen" "fließt" "floß" "flösse" "geflossen" ;
+  lin fressen_V =  irregV "fressen" "frißt" "fraß" "fräße" "gefressen" ;
+  lin frieren_V =  irregV "frieren" "friert" "fror" "fröre" "gefroren" ;
+  lin gären_V =  irregV "gären" "gärt" (variants {"gor" ; "gärte"}) "göre" "gegoren" ;
+  lin gebären_V =  irregV "gebären" "gebiert" "gebar" "gebäre" "geboren" ;
+  lin geben_V =  irregV "geben" "gibt" "gab" "gäbe" "gegeben" ;
+  lin gedeihen_V =  irregV "gedeihen" "gedeiht" "gedieh" "gediehe" "gediehen" ;
+  lin gehen_V =  irregV "gehen" "geht" "ging" "ginge" "gegangen" ;
+  lin gelingen_V =  irregV "gelingen" "gelingt" "gelang" "gelange" "gelungen" ;
+  lin gelten_V =  irregV "gelten" "gilt" "galt" (variants {"galte" ; "golte"}) "gegolten" ;
+  lin genesen_V =  irregV "genesen" "genest" "genas" "genäse" "genesen" ;
+  lin genießen_V =  irregV "genießen" "genießt" "genoß" "genösse" "genossen" ;
+  lin geschehen_V =  irregV "geschehen" "geschieht" "geschah" "geschehen" "geschähe" ;
+  lin gewinnen_V =  irregV "gewinnen" "gewinnt" "gewann" (variants {"gewönne" ; "gewänne"}) "gewonnen" ;
+  lin gießen_V =  irregV "gießen" "gießt" "goß" "gösse" "gegossen" ;
+  lin gleichen_V =  irregV "gleichen" "gleicht" "glich" "gliche" "geglichen" ;
+  lin gleiten_V =  irregV "gleiten" "gleitet" "glitt" "glitte" "geglitten" ;
+  lin glimmen_V =  irregV "glimmen" "glimmt" "glomm" "glimmte" "glömme" ;
+  lin graben_V =  irregV "graben" "gräbt" "grub" "grübe" "gegraben" ;
+  lin greifen_V =  irregV "greifen" "greift" "griff" "griffe" "gegriffen" ;
+  lin haben_V =  irregV "haben" "hat" "hatte" "hatte" "gehabt" ;
+  lin halten_V =  irregV "halten" "hält" "hielt" "hielte" "gehalten" ;
+  lin hängen_V =  irregV "hängen" "hängt" "hing" "hinge" "gehangen" ;
+  lin hauen_V =  irregV "hauen" "haut" (variants {"haute" ; "hieb"}) (variants {"haute" ; "hiebe"}) "gehauen" ;
+  lin heben_V =  irregV "heben" "hebt" "hob" "höbe" "gehoben" ;
+  lin heißen_V =  irregV "heißen" "heißt" "hieß" "hieße" "geheißen" ;
+  lin helfen_V =  irregV "helfen" "hilft" "half" "hülfe" "geholfen" ;
+  lin kennen_V =  irregV "kennen" "kennt" "kannte" "kennte" "gekannt" ;
+  lin klimmen_V =  irregV "klimmen" "klimmt" "klomm" "klömme" "geklommen" ;
+  lin klingen_V =  irregV "klingen" "klingt" "klang" "klänge" "geklungen" ;
+  lin kneifen_V =  irregV "kneifen" "kneift" "kniff" "kniffe" "gekniffen" ;
+  lin kommen_V =  irregV "kommen" "kommt" "kam" "käme" "gekommen" ;
+  lin können_V =  M.mkV 
+        "können" "kann" "kannst" "kann" "könnt" "könn" 
+        "konnte" "konntest" "konnten" "konntet"
+        "könnte" "gekonnt" [] 
+        M.VHaben  ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  lin kriechen_V =  irregV "kriechen" "kriecht" "kroch" "kröche" "gekrochen" ;
+  lin küren_V =  irregV "küren" "kürt" "kürte" "kor" "gekürt" ;
+  lin laden_V =  irregV "laden" "lädt" "lud" "lüde" "geladen" ;
+  lin lassen_V =  irregV "lassen" "läßt" "ließ" "ließe" "gelassen" ;
+  lin laufen_V =  irregV "laufen" "läuft" "lief" "liefe" "gelaufen" ;
+  lin leiden_V =  irregV "leiden" "leidt" "litt" "litte" "gelitten" ;
+  lin leihen_V =  irregV "leihen" "leiht" "lieh" "liehe" "geliehen" ;
+  lin lesen_V =  irregV "lesen" "liest" "las" "läse" "gelesen" ;
+  lin liegen_V =  irregV "liegen" "liegt" "lag" "läge" "gelegen" ;
+  lin lügen_V =  irregV "lügen" "lügt" "log" "löge" "gelogen" ;
+  lin mahlen_V =  irregV "mahlen" "mahlt" "mahlte" "mahlte" "gemahlen" ;
+  lin meiden_V =  irregV "meiden" "meidt" "mied" "miede" "gemieden" ;
+  lin melken_V =  irregV "melken" (variants {"melkt" ; "milkt"}) (variants {"melkte" ; "molk"}) "gemolken" "gemelkt" ;
+  lin messen_V =  irregV "messen" "mißt" "maß" "mäße" "gemessen" ;
+  lin mißlingen_V =  irregV "mißlingen" "mißlingt" "mißlang" "mißlungen" "mißlänge" ;
+  lin mögen_V =  M.mkV 
+        "mögen" "mag" "magst" "mag" "mögt" "mög" 
+        "mochte" "mochtest" "mochten" "mochtet"
+        "möchte" "gemocht" [] 
+        M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  lin müssen_V = M.mkV 
+        "müssen" "muß" "mußt" "muß" "müßt" "müß" 
+        "mußte" "mußtest" "mußten" "mußtet"
+        "müßte" "gemußt" [] 
+        M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  lin nehmen_V = mk6V "nehmen" "nimmt" "nimm" "nahm" "nähme" "genommen" ;
+  lin nennen_V =  irregV "nennen" "nennt" "nannte" "nennte" "genannt" ;
+  lin pfeifen_V =  irregV "pfeifen" "pfeift" "pfiff" "pfiffe" "gepfiffen" ;
+  lin preisen_V =  irregV "preisen" "preist" "pries" "priese" "gepriesen" ;
+  lin quellen_V =  irregV "quellen" "quillt" "quoll" "quölle" "gequollen" ;
+  lin raten_V =  irregV "raten" "rät" "riet" "riete" "geraten" ;
+  lin reiben_V =  irregV "reiben" "reibt" "rieb" "riebe" "gerieben" ;
+  lin reißen_V =  irregV "reißen" "reißt" "riß" "riße" "gerissen" ;
+  lin reiten_V =  irregV "reiten" "reitet" "ritt" "ritte" "geritten" ;
+  lin rennen_V =  irregV "rennen" "rennt" "rannte" "rennte" "gerannt" ;
+  lin riechen_V =  irregV "riechen" "riecht" "roch" "röche" "gerochen" ;
+  lin ringen_V =  irregV "ringen" "ringt" "rang" "ränge" "gerungen" ;
+  lin rinnen_V =  irregV "rinnen" "rinnt" "rann" "ränne" "geronnen" ;
+  lin rufen_V =  irregV "rufen" "ruft" "rief" "riefe" "gerufen" ;
+  lin salzen_V =  irregV "salzen" "salzt" "salzte" "salzte" "gesalzen" ;
+  lin saufen_V =  irregV "saufen" "säuft" "soff" "söffe" "gesoffen" ;
+  lin saugen_V =  irregV "saugen" "saugt" (variants {"saugte" ; "sog"}) (variants {"saugte" ; "soge"}) (variants {"gesaugt" ; "gesogen"}) ;
+  lin schaffen_V =  irregV "schaffen" "schafft" "schuf" "schüfe" "geschaffen" ;
+  lin scheiden_V =  irregV "scheiden" "scheidt" "schied" "schiede" "geschieden" ;
+  lin scheinen_V =  irregV "scheinen" "scheint" "schien" "schiene" "geschienen" ;
+  lin scheißen_V =  irregV "scheißen" "scheißt" "schiß" "schiße" "geschissen" ;
+  lin schelten_V =  irregV "schelten" "schilt" "schalt" "schölte" "gescholten" ;
+  lin scheren_V =  irregV "scheren" "schert" "schor" "schöre" "geschoren" ;
+  lin schieben_V =  irregV "schieben" "schiebt" "schob" "schöbe" "geschoben" ;
+  lin schießen_V =  irregV "schießen" "schießt" "schoß" "schösse" "geschossen" ;
+  lin schinden_V =  irregV "schinden" "schindt" "schund" "schunde" "geschunden" ;
+  lin schlafen_V =  irregV "schlafen" "schläft" "schlief" "schliefe" "geschlafen" ;
+  lin schlagen_V =  irregV "schlagen" "schlägt" "schlug" "schlüge" "geschlagen" ;
+  lin schleichen_V =  irregV "schleichen" "schleicht" "schlich" "schliche" "geschlichen" ;
+  lin schleifen_V =  irregV "schleifen" "schleift" "schliff" "schliffe" "geschliffen" ;
+  lin schleißen_V =  irregV "schleißen" "schleißt" (variants {"schliß" ; "schleißte"}) (variants {"schliß" ; "schleißte"}) (variants {"geschlissen" ; "geschleißt"}) ;
+  lin schließen_V =  irregV "schließen" "schließt" "schloß" "schlösse" "geschlossen" ;
+  lin schlingen_V =  irregV "schlingen" "schlingt" "schlang" "schlünge" "geschlungen" ;
+  lin schmeißen_V =  irregV "schmeißen" "schmeißt" "schmiß" "schmiße" "geschmissen" ;
+  lin schmelzen_V =  irregV "schmelzen" "schmilzt" "schmolz" "schmölze" "geschmolzen" ;
+  lin schneiden_V =  irregV "schneiden" "schneidt" "schnitt" "schnitte" "geschnitten" ;
+  lin schreiben_V =  irregV "schreiben" "schreibt" "schrieb" "schriebe" "geschrieben" ;
+  lin schreien_V =  irregV "schreien" "schreit" "schrie" "schrie" "geschrien" ;
+  lin schreiten_V =  irregV "schreiten" "schreitet" "schritt" "schritte" "geschritten" ;
+  lin schweigen_V =  irregV "schweigen" "schweigt" "schwieg" "schwiege" "geschwiegen" ;
+  lin schwellen_V =  irregV "schwellen" "schwillt" "schwoll" "schwölle" "geschwollen" ;
+  lin schwimmen_V =  irregV "schwimmen" "schwimmt" "schwamm" (variants {"schwömme" ; "schwämme"}) "geschwommen" ;
+  lin schwinden_V =  irregV "schwinden" "schwindt" "schwand" "schwände" "geschwunden" ;
+  lin schwingen_V =  irregV "schwingen" "schwingt" "schwang" "schwänge" "geschwungen" ;
+  lin schwören_V =  irregV "schwören" "schwört" "schwor" "schwüre" "geschworen" ;
+  lin sehen_V =  irregV "sehen" "sieht" "sah" "sähe" "gesehen" ;
+  lin sein_V =  irregV "sein" "ist" "war" "wäre" "gewesen" ;
+  lin senden_V =  irregV "senden" "sendt" (variants {"sandte" ; "sendete"}) (variants {"sandte" ; "sendete"}) (variants {"gesandt" ; "gesendet"}) ;
+  lin sieden_V =  irregV "sieden" "siedt" (variants {"siedete" ; "sott"}) (variants {"siedete" ; "sotte"}) (variants {"gesotten" ; "gesiedet"}) ;
+  lin singen_V =  irregV "singen" "singt" "sang" "sänge" "gesungen" ;
+  lin sinken_V =  irregV "sinken" "sinkt" "sank" "sänke" "gesunken" ;
+  lin sinnen_V =  irregV "sinnen" "sinnt" "sann" "sänne" "gesonnen" ;
+  lin sitzen_V =  irregV "sitzen" "sitzt" "saß" "säße" "gesessen" ;
+  lin sollen_V =  M.mkV 
+        "sollen" "soll" "sollst" "soll" "sollt" "soll" 
+        "sollte" "solltest" "sollten" "solltet"
+        "sollte" "gesollt" [] 
+        M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  lin speien_V =  irregV "speien" "speit" "spie" "spie" "gespien" ;
+  lin spinnen_V =  irregV "spinnen" "spinnt" "spann" (variants {"spönne" ; "spänne"}) "gesponnen" ;
+  lin spleißen_V =  irregV "spleißen" "spleißt" "spliß" "spliße" "gesplissen" ;
+  lin sprechen_V =  irregV "sprechen" "spricht" "sprach" "spräche" "gesprochen" ;
+  lin sprießen_V =  irregV "sprießen" "sprießt" "sproß" "sprösse" "gesprossen" ;
+  lin springen_V =  irregV "springen" "springt" "sprang" "spränge" "gesprungen" ;
+  lin stechen_V =  irregV "stechen" "sticht" "stach" "stäche" "gestochen" ;
+  lin stehen_V =  irregV "stehen" "steht" "stand" (variants {"stünde" ; "stände"}) "gestanden" ;
+  lin stehlen_V =  irregV "stehlen" "stiehlt" "stahl" "stähle" "gestohlen" ;
+  lin steigen_V =  irregV "steigen" "steigt" "stieg" "stiege" "gestiegen" ;
+  lin sterben_V =  irregV "sterben" "stirbt" "starb" "stürbe" "gestorben" ;
+  lin stieben_V =  irregV "stieben" "stiebt" "stob" "stöbe" "gestoben" ;
+  lin stinken_V =  irregV "stinken" "stinkt" "stank" "stänke" "gestunken" ;
+  lin stoßen_V =  irregV "stoßen" "stößt" "stieß" "stieße" "gestoßen" ;
+  lin streichen_V =  irregV "streichen" "streicht" "strich" "striche" "gestrichen" ;
+  lin streiten_V =  irregV "streiten" "streitet" "stritt" "stritte" "gestritten" ;
+  lin tragen_V =  irregV "tragen" "trägt" "trug" "trüge" "getragen" ;
+  lin treffen_V =  irregV "treffen" "trifft" "traf" "träfe" "getroffen" ;
+  lin treiben_V =  irregV "treiben" "treibt" "trieb" "triebe" "getrieben" ;
+  lin treten_V =  irregV "treten" "tritt" "trat" "träte" "getreten" ;
+  lin trinken_V =  irregV "trinken" "trinkt" "trank" "tränke" "getrunken" ;
+  lin trügen_V =  irregV "trügen" "trügt" "trog" "tröge" "getrogen" ;
+  lin tun_V =  irregV "tun" "tut" "tat" "täte" "getan" ;
+  lin verderben_V =  irregV "verderben" "verdirbt" "verdarb" "verdarbe" "verdorben" ;
+  lin verlieren_V =  irregV "verlieren" "verliert" "verlor" "verlöre" "verloren" ;
+  lin wachsen_V =  irregV "wachsen" "wächst" "wuchs" "wüchse" "gewachsen" ;
+  lin wägen_V =  irregV "wägen" "wägt" "wog" "woge" "gewogen" ;
+  lin waschen_V =  irregV "waschen" "wäscht" "wusch" "wüsche" "gewaschen" ;
+  lin weben_V =  irregV "weben" "webt" (variants {"wob" ; "webte"}) "wöbe" (variants {"gewoben" ; "gewebt"}) ;
+  lin weichen_V =  irregV "weichen" "weicht" "wich" "wiche" "gewichen" ;
+  lin weisen_V =  irregV "weisen" "weist" "wies" "wiese" "gewiesen" ;
+  lin wenden_V =  irregV "wenden" "wendt" (variants {"wandte" ; "wendete"}) (variants {"wandte" ; "wendete"}) (variants {"gewandt" ; "gewendet"}) ;
+  lin werben_V =  irregV "werben" "wirbt" "warb" "würbe" "geworben" ;
+  lin werden_V = M.mkV 
+        "werden" "werde" "wirst" "wird" "werdet" "werd" 
+        "wurde" "wurdest" "wurden" "wurdet"
+        "würde" "geworden" [] 
+        M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  lin werfen_V =  irregV "werfen" "wirft" "warf" "würfe" "geworfen" ;
+  lin wiegen_V =  irregV "wiegen" "wiegt" "wog" "wöge" "gewogen" ;
+  lin winden_V =  irregV "winden" "windt" "wand" "wände" "gewunden" ;
+  lin wissen_V =  irregV "wissen" "weiß" "wußte" "wüßte" "gewußt" ;
+  lin wollen_V =  M.mkV 
+        "wollen" "will" "willst" "will" "wollt" "woll" 
+        "wollte" "wolltest" "wollten" "wolltet"
+        "wollte" "gewollt" [] 
+        M.VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+
+
+  lin wringen_V =  irregV "wringen" "wringt" "wrang" "wränge" "gewrungen" ;
+  lin zeihen_V =  irregV "zeihen" "zeiht" "zieh" "ziehe" "geziehen" ;
+  lin ziehen_V =  irregV "ziehen" "zieht" "zog" "zöge" "gezogen" ;
+  lin zwingen_V =  irregV "zwingen" "zwingt" "zwang" "zwänge" "gezwungen" ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/IrregGerAbs.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+abstract IrregGerAbs = Cat ** {
+
+  fun backen_V : V ;
+  fun befehlen_V : V ;
+  fun beginnen_V : V ;
+  fun beißen_V : V ;
+  fun bergen_V : V ;
+  fun bersten_V : V ;
+  fun bewegen_V : V ;
+  fun biegen_V : V ;
+  fun bieten_V : V ;
+  fun binden_V : V ;
+  fun bitten_V : V ;
+  fun blasen_V : V ;
+  fun bleiben_V : V ;
+  fun braten_V : V ;
+  fun brechen_V : V ;
+  fun brennen_V : V ;
+  fun bringen_V : V ;
+  fun denken_V : V ;
+  fun dingen_V : V ;
+  fun dreschen_V : V ;
+  fun dringen_V : V ;
+  fun dürfen_V : V ;
+  fun empfehlen_V : V ;
+  fun erlöschen_V : V ;
+  fun erkennen_V : V ;
+  fun erschrecken_V : V ;
+  fun essen_V : V ;
+  fun fahren_V : V ;
+  fun fallen_V : V ;
+  fun fangen_V : V ;
+  fun fechten_V : V ;
+  fun finden_V : V ;
+  fun flechten_V : V ;
+  fun fliegen_V : V ;
+  fun fliehen_V : V ;
+  fun fließen_V : V ;
+  fun fressen_V : V ;
+  fun frieren_V : V ;
+  fun gären_V : V ;
+  fun gebären_V : V ;
+  fun geben_V : V ;
+  fun gedeihen_V : V ;
+  fun gehen_V : V ;
+  fun gelingen_V : V ;
+  fun gelten_V : V ;
+  fun genesen_V : V ;
+  fun genießen_V : V ;
+  fun geschehen_V : V ;
+  fun gewinnen_V : V ;
+  fun gießen_V : V ;
+  fun gleichen_V : V ;
+  fun gleiten_V : V ;
+  fun glimmen_V : V ;
+  fun graben_V : V ;
+  fun greifen_V : V ;
+  fun haben_V : V ;
+  fun halten_V : V ;
+  fun hängen_V : V ;
+  fun hauen_V : V ;
+  fun heben_V : V ;
+  fun heißen_V : V ;
+  fun helfen_V : V ;
+  fun kennen_V : V ;
+  fun klimmen_V : V ;
+  fun klingen_V : V ;
+  fun kneifen_V : V ;
+  fun kommen_V : V ;
+  fun können_V : V ;
+  fun kriechen_V : V ;
+  fun küren_V : V ;
+  fun laden_V : V ;
+  fun lassen_V : V ;
+  fun laufen_V : V ;
+  fun leiden_V : V ;
+  fun leihen_V : V ;
+  fun lesen_V : V ;
+  fun liegen_V : V ;
+  fun lügen_V : V ;
+  fun mahlen_V : V ;
+  fun meiden_V : V ;
+  fun melken_V : V ;
+  fun messen_V : V ;
+  fun mißlingen_V : V ;
+  fun mögen_V : V ;
+  fun müssen_V : V ;
+  fun nehmen_V : V ;
+  fun nennen_V : V ;
+  fun pfeifen_V : V ;
+  fun preisen_V : V ;
+  fun quellen_V : V ;
+  fun raten_V : V ;
+  fun reiben_V : V ;
+  fun reißen_V : V ;
+  fun reiten_V : V ;
+  fun rennen_V : V ;
+  fun riechen_V : V ;
+  fun ringen_V : V ;
+  fun rinnen_V : V ;
+  fun rufen_V : V ;
+  fun salzen_V : V ;
+  fun saufen_V : V ;
+  fun saugen_V : V ;
+  fun schaffen_V : V ;
+  fun scheiden_V : V ;
+  fun scheinen_V : V ;
+  fun scheißen_V : V ;
+  fun schelten_V : V ;
+  fun scheren_V : V ;
+  fun schieben_V : V ;
+  fun schießen_V : V ;
+  fun schinden_V : V ;
+  fun schlafen_V : V ;
+  fun schlagen_V : V ;
+  fun schleichen_V : V ;
+  fun schleifen_V : V ;
+  fun schleißen_V : V ;
+  fun schließen_V : V ;
+  fun schlingen_V : V ;
+  fun schmeißen_V : V ;
+  fun schmelzen_V : V ;
+  fun schneiden_V : V ;
+  fun schreiben_V : V ;
+  fun schreien_V : V ;
+  fun schreiten_V : V ;
+  fun schweigen_V : V ;
+  fun schwellen_V : V ;
+  fun schwimmen_V : V ;
+  fun schwinden_V : V ;
+  fun schwingen_V : V ;
+  fun schwören_V : V ;
+  fun sehen_V : V ;
+  fun sein_V : V ;
+  fun senden_V : V ;
+  fun sieden_V : V ;
+  fun singen_V : V ;
+  fun sinken_V : V ;
+  fun sinnen_V : V ;
+  fun sitzen_V : V ;
+  fun sollen_V : V ;
+  fun speien_V : V ;
+  fun spinnen_V : V ;
+  fun spleißen_V : V ;
+  fun sprechen_V : V ;
+  fun sprießen_V : V ;
+  fun springen_V : V ;
+  fun stechen_V : V ;
+  fun stehen_V : V ;
+  fun stehlen_V : V ;
+  fun steigen_V : V ;
+  fun sterben_V : V ;
+  fun stieben_V : V ;
+  fun stinken_V : V ;
+  fun stoßen_V : V ;
+  fun streichen_V : V ;
+  fun streiten_V : V ;
+  fun tragen_V : V ;
+  fun treffen_V : V ;
+  fun treiben_V : V ;
+  fun treten_V : V ;
+  fun trinken_V : V ;
+  fun trügen_V : V ;
+  fun tun_V : V ;
+  fun verderben_V : V ;
+  fun verlieren_V : V ;
+  fun wachsen_V : V ;
+  fun wägen_V : V ;
+  fun waschen_V : V ;
+  fun weben_V : V ;
+  fun weichen_V : V ;
+  fun weisen_V : V ;
+  fun wenden_V : V ;
+  fun werben_V : V ;
+  fun werden_V : V ;
+  fun werfen_V : V ;
+  fun wiegen_V : V ;
+  fun winden_V : V ;
+  fun wissen_V : V ;
+  fun wollen_V : V ;
+  fun wringen_V : V ;
+  fun zeihen_V : V ;
+  fun ziehen_V : V ;
+  fun zwingen_V : V ;
+}

next-lib/src/german/LangGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../common
+
+concrete LangGer of Lang = 
+  GrammarGer,
+  LexiconGer
+  ** {
+
+flags startcat = Phr ; unlexer = text ; lexer = text ;
+
+} ;

next-lib/src/german/LexiconGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+--# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+-- work by Aarne Ranta, Andreas Priesnitz, and Henning Thielemann.
+
+concrete LexiconGer of Lexicon = CatGer ** 
+  open Prelude, ParadigmsGer, (Mo = MorphoGer), IrregGer in {
+
+flags 
+  optimize=all_subs ;
+
+lin
+  add_V3 = dirV3 (prefixV "hinzu" (regV "fügen")) zu_Prep ;
+  airplane_N = regN "Flugzeug"  ;
+  already_Adv = mkAdv "schon" ;
+  answer_V2S = mkV2S (regV "antworten") datPrep ;
+  apartment_N = regN "Wohnung" ;
+  apple_N = reg2N "Apfel" "Äpfel" masculine  ;
+  art_N = reg2N "Kunst" "Künste" feminine ;
+  ask_V2Q = mkV2Q (regV "fragen") accPrep ;
+  baby_N = reg2N "Baby" "Babies" neuter ; ----
+  bad_A = regA "schlecht" ;
+  bank_N = reg2N "Bank" "Banken" feminine ;
+  beautiful_A = regA "schön" ;
+  become_VA = mkVA IrregGer.werden_V ;
+  beer_N = reg2N "Bier" "Biere" neuter ;
+  beg_V2V = mkV2V (mk6V "bitten" "bittet" "bitte" "bat" "bäte" "gebeten") accPrep ;
+  big_A = mk3A "groß" "größer" "größte" ;
+  bike_N = reg2N "Fahrrad" "Fahrräder" neuter ;
+  bird_N = reg2N "Vogel" "Vögel" masculine ;
+  black_A = regA "schwarz" ;
+  blue_A = regA "blau";
+  boat_N = reg2N "Boot" "Boote" neuter ;
+  book_N = reg2N "Buch" "Bücher" neuter ;
+  boot_N = reg2N "Stiefel" "Stiefel" masculine ;
+  boss_N = reg2N "Chef" "Chefs" masculine ; ----
+  boy_N = reg2N "Junge" "Jungen" masculine ;
+  bread_N = reg2N "Brot" "Brote" neuter ;
+  break_V2 = dirV2 
+    (irregV "zerschlagen" "zerschlägt" "zerschlug" "zerschlüge" "zerschlagen") ;
+  broad_A = regA "breit" ;
+  brother_N2 = mkN2 (reg2N "Bruder" "Brüder" masculine)  von_Prep ;
+  brown_A = regA "braun" ;
+  butter_N = reg2N "Butter" "Butter" feminine ; ---- infl
+  buy_V2 = dirV2 (regV "kaufen") ;
+  camera_N = reg2N "Kamera" "Kameras" feminine ;
+  cap_N = regN "Mütze" ;
+  car_N = regN "Wagen" ;
+  carpet_N = regN "Teppich" ;
+  cat_N = regN "Katze" ;
+  ceiling_N = reg2N "Dach" "Dächer" neuter ;
+  chair_N = reg2N "Stuhl" "Stühle" masculine ;
+  cheese_N = regN "Käse" ;
+  child_N = reg2N "Kind" "Kinder" neuter ;
+  church_N = regN "Kirche" ;
+  city_N = reg2N "Stadt" "Städte" feminine ;
+  clean_A = regA "rein" ;
+  clever_A = mk3A "klug" "klüger" "klügste" ;
+  close_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "schließen" "schließt" "schloß" "schlösse" "geschlossen") ;
+  coat_N = regN "Jacke" ;
+  cold_A = regA "kalt" ;
+  come_V = seinV (mk6V "kommen" "kommt" "komm" "kam" "käme" "gekommen") ;
+  computer_N = reg2N "Rechner" "Rechner" masculine ;
+  country_N = reg2N "Land" "Länder" neuter ;
+  cousin_N = reg2N "Vetter" "Vetter" masculine ; --- Kusine
+  cow_N = reg2N "Kuh" "Kühe" feminine ;
+  die_V = seinV (irregV "sterben" "stirbt" "starb" "stürbe" "gestorben") ;
+  distance_N3 = mkN3 (regN "Entfernung") von_Prep zu_Prep ;
+  dirty_A = regA "schmutzig" ;
+  do_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "tun" "tut" "tat" "täte" "getan") ;
+  doctor_N = reg2N "Arzt" "Ärzte" masculine ;
+  dog_N = regN "Hund" ;
+  door_N = reg2N "Tür" "Türen" feminine ;
+  drink_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "trinken" "trinkt" "trank" "tränke" "getrunken") ;
+  easy_A2V = mkA2V (regA "leicht") (mkPrep "für" accusative) ;
+  eat_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "essen" "ißt" "aß" "äße" "gegessen") ;
+  empty_A = regA "leer" ; ---- check infl
+  enemy_N = regN "Feind" ; 
+  factory_N = regN "Fabrik" ;
+  father_N2 = mkN2 (reg2N "Vater" "Väter" masculine) von_Prep ;
+  fear_VS = mkVS (regV "fürchten") ;
+  find_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "finden" "findet" "fand" "fände" "gefunden") ;
+  fish_N = regN "Fisch" ;
+  floor_N = reg2N "Fußboden" "Fußböden" masculine ;
+  forget_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "vergessen" "vergißt" "vergaß" "vergäße" "vergessen") ;
+  fridge_N = reg2N "Kühlschrank" "Kühlschränke" masculine ;
+  friend_N = regN "Freund" ;
+  fruit_N = reg2N "Frucht" "Früchte" feminine ;
+  fun_AV = mkAV (regA "toll") ;
+  garden_N = reg2N "Garten" "Gärten" masculine ;
+  girl_N = reg2N "Mädchen" "Mädchen" neuter ;
+  glove_N = regN "Handschuh" ;
+  gold_N = reg2N "Gold" "Golde" neuter ; ---- infl
+  good_A = mk3A "gut" "besser" "beste" ;
+  go_V = seinV (irregV "gehen" "geht" "ging" "ginge" "gegangen") ;
+  green_A = regA "grün" ;
+  harbour_N = reg2N "Hafen" "Häfen" masculine ;
+  hate_V2 = dirV2 (regV "hassen") ;
+  hat_N = reg2N "Hut" "Hüte" masculine ;
+  have_V2 = dirV2 IrregGer.haben_V ;
+  hear_V2 = dirV2 (regV "hören") ;
+  hill_N = regN "Hügel" ;
+  hope_VS = mkVS (regV "hoffen") ;
+  horse_N = reg2N "Pferd" "Pferde" neuter ;
+  hot_A = regA "heiß" ;
+  house_N = reg2N "Haus" "Häuser" neuter ;
+  important_A = regA "wichtig" ;
+  industry_N = regN "Industrie" ;
+  iron_N = reg2N "Eisen" "Eisen" neuter ;
+  jump_V = seinV (irregV "springen" "springt" "sprang" "spränge" "gesprungen") ;
+  king_N = regN "König" ;
+  know_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "wissen" "weiß" "wußte" "wüßte" "gewußt") ; ---- infl
+  lake_N = reg2N "See" "Seen" masculine ; --- infl
+  lamp_N = regN "Lampe";
+  learn_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lernen") ;
+  leather_N = reg2N "Leder" "Leder" neuter ;
+  leave_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "verlassen" "verläßt" "verließ" "verließe" "verlassen") ;
+  like_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "mögen" "mag" "mochte" "möchte" "gemocht") ;
+  listen_V2 = prepV2 (prefixV "zu" (regV "hören")) datPrep ; ---- dat
+  live_V = regV "leben" ;
+  long_A = mk3A "lang" "länger" "längste" ;
+  lose_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "verlieren" "verliert" "verlor" "verlöre" "verloren") ;
+  love_N = regN "Liebe" ;
+  love_V2 = dirV2 (regV "lieben") ;
+  man_N = reg2N "Mann" "Männer" masculine ;
+  married_A2 = mkA2 (regA "verheiratet") (mkPrep "mit" dative) ;
+  meat_N = reg2N "Fleisch" "Fleische" neuter ; ---- infl
+  milk_N = reg2N "Milch" "Milche" feminine ; ---- infl
+  moon_N = regN "Mond" ;
+  mother_N2 = mkN2 (reg2N "Mutter" "Mütter" feminine) von_Prep ;
+  mountain_N = regN "Berg" ;
+  music_N = reg2N "Musik" "Musiken" feminine ;
+  narrow_A = regA "schmal" ;
+  new_A = regA "neu" ;
+  newspaper_N = regN "Zeitung" ;
+  now_Adv = mkAdv "jetzt" ;
+  number_N = reg2N "Zahl" "Zahlen" feminine ;
+  oil_N = reg2N "Öl" "Öle" neuter ;
+  old_A = mk3A "alt" "älter" "älteste" ;
+  open_V2 = dirV2 (regV "öffnen") ;
+  paint_V2A = mkV2A (regV "malen") accPrep ;
+  paper_N = reg2N "Papier" "Papiere" neuter ;
+  paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" "Paris" ;
+  peace_N = mk6N "Friede" "Frieden" "Frieden" "Friedens" "Frieden" "Frieden" masculine ;
+  pen_N = regN "Bleistift" ; ----
+  planet_N = reg2N "Planet" "Planeten" masculine ;
+  plastic_N = reg2N "Plastik" "Plastiken" feminine ; ----
+  play_V2 = dirV2 (regV "spielen") ;
+  policeman_N = reg2N "Polizist" "Polizisten" masculine ;
+  priest_N = regN "Priester" ;
+  probable_AS = mkAS (regA "wahrscheinlich") ;
+  put_V2 = dirV2 (regV "setzen") ;
+  queen_N = reg2N "Königin" "Königinnen" feminine ;
+  radio_N = reg2N "Radio" "Radios" neuter ; ----
+  rain_V0 = mkV0 (regV "regnen") ;
+  read_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "lesen" "liest" "las" "läse" "gelesen") ;
+  red_A = regA "rot" ;
+  religion_N = regN "Religion" ;
+  restaurant_N = reg2N "Restaurant" "Restaurants" neuter ;
+  river_N = reg2N "Fluß" "Flüsse" masculine ;
+  rock_N = regN "Stein" ;
+  roof_N = reg2N "Dach" "Dächer" neuter ;
+  rubber_N = reg2N "Gummi" "Gummis" neuter ;
+  run_V = seinV (irregV "laufen" "läuft" "lief" "liefe" "gelaufen") ;
+  say_VS = mkVS (regV "sagen") ;
+  school_N = regN "Schule";
+  science_N = reg2N "Wissenschaft" "Wissenschaften" feminine ;
+  sea_N = reg2N "Meer" "Meere" neuter ;
+  seek_V2 = dirV2 (regV "suchen") ;
+  see_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "sehen" "sieht" "sah" "sähe" "gesehen") ;
+  sell_V3 = accdatV3 (no_geV (regV "verkaufen")) ;
+  send_V3 = accdatV3 (regV "schicken") ;
+  sheep_N = reg2N "Schaf" "Schafe" neuter ;
+  ship_N = reg2N "Schiff" "Schiffe" neuter ;
+  shirt_N = reg2N "Hemd" "Hemden" neuter ; ---- infl
+  shoe_N = regN "Schuh" ;
+  shop_N = reg2N "Laden" "Läden" masculine ;
+  short_A =  mk3A "kurz" "kürzer" "kürzeste" ;
+  silver_N = reg2N "Silber" "Silber" neuter ; ---- infl
+  sister_N = reg2N "Schwester" "Schwestern" feminine ;
+  sleep_V = irregV "schlafen" "schläft" "schlief" "schliefe" "geschlafen" ;
+  small_A = regA "klein" ;
+  snake_N = regN "Schlange" ;
+  sock_N = reg2N "Strumpf" "Strümpfe" masculine ;
+  song_N = reg2N "Lied" "Lieder" neuter ;
+  speak_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "sprechen" "spricht" "sprach" "spräche" "gesprochen") ;
+  star_N = regN "Sterne" ;
+  steel_N = regN "Stahl" ;
+  stone_N = regN "Stein" ;
+  stop_V = seinV (irregV "halten" "hält" "hielt" "hielte" "gehalten") ;
+  stove_N = regN "Herd" ;
+  student_N = reg2N "Student" "Studenten" masculine ;
+  stupid_A = mk3A "dumm" "dümmer" "dümmste" ; ----
+  sun_N = regN "Sonne" ;
+  switch8off_V2 = dirV2 (prefixV "aus" (regV "schalten")) ;
+  switch8on_V2 = dirV2 (prefixV "ein" (regV "schalten")) ;
+  table_N = regN "Tisch"  ;
+  talk_V3 = mkV3 (regV "reden") datPrep von_Prep ;
+  teacher_N = reg2N "Lehrer" "Lehrer" masculine ;
+  teach_V2 = dirV2 (no_geV (regV "unterrichten")) ;
+  television_N = reg2N "Fernsehen" "Fernsehen" neuter;
+  thick_A = regA "dick" ;
+  thin_A = regA "dünn" ;
+  train_N = reg2N "Zug" "Züge" masculine  ;
+  travel_V = regV "reisen" ;
+  tree_N = reg2N "Baum" "Bäume" masculine ;
+  ----  trousers_N = regN "trousers" ; ---- pl t !
+  ugly_A = regA "häßlich" ;
+  understand_V2 = 
+    dirV2 (irregV "verstehen" "versteht" "verstand" "verstände" "verstanden") ;
+  university_N = reg2N "Universität" "Universitäten" feminine  ;
+  village_N = reg2N "Dorf" "Dörfer" neuter ;
+  wait_V2 = prepV2 (regV "warten") (mkPrep "auf" accusative) ;
+  walk_V = seinV (irregV "gehen" "geht" "ging" "ginge" "gegangen") ;
+  warm_A = mk3A "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;
+  war_N = regN "Krieg" ;
+  watch_V2 = prepV2 (regV "schauen") (mkPrep "an" accusative) ;
+  water_N = reg2N "Wasser" "Wasser" neuter ;
+  white_A = regA "weiß" ;
+  window_N = reg2N "Fenster" "Fenster" neuter ;
+  wine_N = regN "Wein" ;
+  win_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "gewinnen" "gewinnt" "gewann" "gewänne" "gewonnen") ;
+  woman_N = reg2N "Frau" "Frauen" feminine ;
+  wonder_VQ = mkVQ (reflV (regV "wundern") accusative) ;
+  wood_N = reg2N "Holz" "Hölzer" neuter ;
+  write_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "schreiben" "schreibt" "schrieb" "schriebe" "geschrieben") ;
+  yellow_A = regA "gelb" ;
+  young_A = mk3A "jung" "jünger" "jüngste" ;
+  left_Ord = Mo.mkOrd (regA "link") ;
+  right_Ord = Mo.mkOrd (regA "recht") ;
+  far_Adv = mkAdv "weit" ;
+  correct_A = regA "richtig" ;
+  dry_A = regA "trocken" ;
+  dull_A = regA "stumpf" ;
+  full_A = regA "voll" ;
+  heavy_A = regA "schwer" ;
+  near_A = mk3A "nahe" "näher" "nächste" ;
+  rotten_A = regA "verdorben" ;
+  round_A = regA "rund" ;
+  sharp_A = mk3A "scharf" "schärfer" "schärfste" ;
+  smooth_A = regA "glatt" ;
+  straight_A = regA "gerade" ;
+  wet_A = regA "naß" ;
+  wide_A = regA "breit" ;
+  animal_N = reg2N "Tier" "Tiere" neuter ;
+  ashes_N = regN "Asche" ;
+  back_N = reg2N "Rücken" "Rücken" masculine ;
+  bark_N = regN "Rinde" ;
+  belly_N = reg2N "Bauch" "Bäuche" masculine ;
+  blood_N = regN "Blut" ;
+  bone_N = reg2N "Knochen" "Knochen" masculine ;
+  breast_N = reg2N "Brust" "Brüste" feminine ;
+  cloud_N = regN "Wolke" ;
+  day_N = regN "Tag" ;
+  dust_N = reg2N "Staub" "Stäube" masculine ;
+  ear_N = regN "Ohr" ;
+  earth_N = regN "Erde" ;
+  egg_N = regN "Ei" ;
+  eye_N = regN "Auge" ;
+  fat_N = regN "Fett" ;
+  feather_N = regN "feather" ;
+  fingernail_N = reg2N "Fingernagel" "Fingernägel" masculine ;
+  fire_N = regN "Feuer" ;
+  flower_N = regN "Blume" ;
+  fog_N = regN "Nebel" ;
+  foot_N = reg2N "Fuß" "Füße" masculine ;
+  forest_N = reg2N "Wald" "Wälder" masculine ;
+  grass_N = regN "Gras" ;
+  guts_N = regN "Eingeweide" ;
+  hair_N = regN "Haar" ;
+  hand_N = regN "Hand" ;
+  head_N = regN "Kopf" ;
+  heart_N = regN "Herz" ;
+  horn_N = regN "Horn" ;
+  husband_N = regN "Ehemann" ;
+  ice_N = regN "Eis" ;
+  knee_N = regN "Knie" ;
+  leaf_N = reg2N "Blatt" "Blätter" neuter ;
+  leg_N = regN "Bein" ;
+  liver_N = regN "Leber" ;
+  louse_N = reg2N "Laus" "Läuse" feminine ;
+  mouth_N = regN "Mund" ;
+  name_N = regN "Name" ;
+  neck_N = regN "Nacken" ;
+  night_N = reg2N "Nacht" "Nächte" feminine ;
+  nose_N = regN "Nase" ;
+  person_N = regN "Person" ;
+  rain_N = regN "Regen" ;
+  road_N = regN "Straße" ;
+  root_N = regN "Wurzel" ;
+  rope_N = regN "Seil" ;
+  salt_N = regN "Salz" ;
+  sand_N = regN "Sand" ;
+  seed_N = regN "Same" ;
+  skin_N = regN "Haut" ;
+  sky_N = regN "Himmel" ;
+  smoke_N = regN "Rauch" ;
+  snow_N = regN "Schnee" ;
+  stick_N = regN "Stock" ;
+  tail_N = regN "Schwanz" ;
+  tongue_N = regN "Zunge" ;
+  tooth_N = regN "Zahn" ;
+  wife_N = regN "Ehefrau" ;
+  wind_N = regN "Wind" ;
+  wing_N = reg2N "Flügel" "Flügel" masculine ;
+  worm_N = regN "Wurm" ;
+  year_N = regN "Jahr" ;
+  blow_V = regV "blasen" ;
+  breathe_V = regV "atmen" ;
+  burn_V = regV "brennen" ;
+  dig_V = regV "graben" ;
+  fall_V = regV "fallen" ;
+  float_V = regV "treiben" ;
+  flow_V = regV "fließen" ;
+  fly_V = regV "fliegen" ;
+  freeze_V = regV "frieren" ;
+  give_V3 = accdatV3 (irregV "geben" "gibt" "gab" "gäbe" "gegeben") ;
+  laugh_V = regV "lachen" ;
+  lie_V = regV "lügen" ;
+  play_V = regV "spielen" ;
+  sew_V = regV "nähen" ;
+  sing_V = regV "singen" ;
+  sit_V = irregV "sitzen" "sitzt" "saß" "säße" "gesessen" ;
+  smell_V = regV "riechen" ;
+  spit_V = regV "spucken" ;
+  stand_V = regV "stehen" ;
+  swell_V = prefixV "an" (regV "schwellen") ;
+  swim_V = regV "schwimmen" ;
+  think_V = regV "denken" ;
+  turn_V = regV "drehen" ;
+  vomit_V = regV "kotzen" ;
+
+  bite_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "beißen" "beißt" "biss" "bisse" "gebissen") ;
+  count_V2 = dirV2 (regV "zählen") ;
+  cut_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "schneiden" "schneidet" "schnitt" "schnitte" "geschnitten") ;
+  fear_V2 = dirV2 (regV "fürchten") ;
+  fight_V2 = dirV2 (regV "bekämpfen") ;
+  hit_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "schlagen" "schlägt" "schlug" "schlüge" "geschlagen") ;
+  hold_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "halten" "hält" "hielt" "hielte" "gehalten") ;
+  hunt_V2 = dirV2 (regV "jagen") ;
+  kill_V2 = dirV2 (regV "töten") ;
+  pull_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "ziehen" "zieht" "zog" "zöge" "gezogen") ;
+  push_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "schieben" "schiebt" "schub" "schübe" "geschoben") ;
+  rub_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "reiben" "reibt" "rieb" "riebe" "gerieben") ;
+  scratch_V2 = dirV2 (regV "kratzen") ;
+  split_V2 = dirV2 (prefixV "auf" (regV "teilen")) ;
+  squeeze_V2 = dirV2 (regV "pressen") ;
+  stab_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "stechen" "sticht" "stach" "stäche" "gestochen") ;
+  suck_V2 = dirV2 (regV "saugen") ;
+  throw_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "werfen" "wirft" "warf" "würfe" "geworfen") ;
+  tie_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "binden" "bindet" "band" "bände" "gebunden") ;
+  wash_V2 = dirV2 (irregV "waschen" "wäscht" "wusch" "wüsche" "gewaschen") ;
+  wipe_V2 = dirV2 (regV "wischen") ;
+
+  grammar_N = reg2N "Grammatik" "Grammatiken" feminine ;
+  language_N = regN "Sprache" ;
+  rule_N = reg2N "Regel" "Regeln" feminine ;
+
+    john_PN = regPN "Johann" ;
+    question_N = regN "Frage" ;
+    ready_A = regA "fertig" ;
+    reason_N = reg2N "Grund" "Gründe" masculine ;
+    today_Adv = mkAdv "heute" ;
+    uncertain_A = regA "unsicher" ;
+
+
+} ;

next-lib/src/german/MorphoGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+--# -path=.:../common:../../prelude
+--
+----1 A Simple German Resource Morphology
+----
+---- Aarne Ranta & Harald Hammarström 2002 -- 2006
+----
+---- This resource morphology contains definitions needed in the resource
+---- syntax. To build a lexicon, it is better to use $ParadigmsGer$, which
+---- gives a higher-level access to this module.
+--
+resource MorphoGer = ResGer ** open Prelude, (Predef=Predef) in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+oper
+
+-- For $StructuralGer$.
+
+  mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Preposition = \s,c -> 
+    {s = s ; c = c} ;
+
+  nameNounPhrase : {s : Case => Str} ->  {s : Case => Str ; a : Agr} = \name ->
+    name ** {a = agrP3 Sg} ;
+
+  detLikeAdj : Number -> Str -> 
+    {s,sp : Gender => Case => Str ; n : Number ; a : Adjf} = \n,dies -> 
+      {s,sp = appAdj (regA dies) ! n ; n = n ; a = Weak} ;
+
+  mkOrd : {s : Degree => AForm => Str} -> {s : AForm => Str} = \a ->
+    {s = a.s ! Posit} ;
+
+-- For $ParadigmsGer$.
+
+  genitS : Str -> Str = \hund -> case hund of {
+    _ + ("el" | "en" | "er") => hund + "s" ;
+    _ + ("s" | "ß" | "sch" | "st" | "x" | "z") => hund + "es" ;
+    _ => hund + variants {"s" ; "es"}
+    } ;
+  pluralN : Str -> Str = \hund -> case hund of {
+    _ + ("el" | "er" | "e") => hund + "n" ;
+    _ + "en" => hund ;
+    _ => hund + "en"
+    } ;
+  dativE : Str -> Str = \hund -> case hund of {
+    _ + ("el" | "en" | "er" | "e") => hund ;
+    _ => variants {hund ; hund + "e"}
+    } ;
+
+-- Duden, p. 119
+
+  verbT : Str -> Str = \v -> case v of {
+    _ + ("t" | "d") => v + "et" ; -- gründen, reden, betten
+    _ + ("ch" | "k" | "p" | "t" | "g" | "b" | "d" | "f" | "s") + 
+        ("m" | "n") => v + "et" ; -- atmen, widmen, öffnen, rechnen
+    _ => v + "t"                  -- lernen, lärmen, qualmen etc
+    } ;
+
+  verbST : Str -> Str = \v -> case v of {
+    _ + ("s" | "ss" | "ß" | "sch" | "x" | "z") => v + "t" ;
+    _ => v + "st"
+    } ;
+
+  stemVerb : Str -> Str = \v -> case v of {
+    _ + ("rn" | "ln") => init v ;
+    _ => Predef.tk 2 v
+    } ;
+
+-- For $Numeral$.
+
+  LinDigit = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} ;
+
+  cardOrd : Str -> Str -> CardOrd => Str = \drei,dritte ->
+    table {
+      NCard _ _ => drei ;
+      NOrd a => (regA (init dritte)).s ! Posit ! a
+      } ;
+
+  cardReg : Str -> CardOrd => Str = \zehn ->
+    cardOrd zehn (zehn + "te") ;
+
+  mkDigit : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> LinDigit = 
+    \drei,dreizehn,dreissig,dritte ->
+    {s = table {
+           DUnit => cardOrd drei dritte ;
+           DTeen => cardReg dreizehn ;
+           DTen  => cardOrd dreissig (dreissig + "ste")
+           }
+     } ;
+
+  regDigit : Str -> LinDigit = \vier -> 
+    mkDigit vier (vier + "zehn") (vier + "zig") (vier + "te") ;
+
+  invNum : CardOrd = NCard Masc Nom ;
+
+} ;
+

next-lib/src/german/NounGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+concrete NounGer of Noun = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    DetCN det cn = {
+      s = \\c => det.s ! cn.g ! c ++ cn.s ! adjfCase det.a c ! det.n ! c ;
+      a = agrP3 det.n ;
+      isPron = False
+      } ;
+
+    DetNP det = {
+      s = \\c => det.s ! Neutr ! c ; ---- genders
+      a = agrP3 det.n ;
+      isPron = False
+      } ;
+
+    UsePN pn = pn ** {a = agrP3 Sg} ;
+
+    UsePron pron = {
+      s = \\c => pron.s ! NPCase c ;
+      a = pron.a
+      } ;
+
+    PredetNP pred np = {
+      s = \\c => pred.s ! np.a.n ! Masc ! c ++ np.s ! c ; ---- g
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+
+    PPartNP np v2 = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ v2.s ! VPastPart APred ; --- invar part
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+
+    AdvNP np adv = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
+
+    DetQuantOrd quant num ord = 
+      let 
+        n = num.n ;
+        a = quant.a
+      in {
+        s  = \\g,c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! n ! g ! c ++ 
+                      num.s!g!c ++ ord.s ! agrAdj g (adjfCase a c) n c ;
+        sp = \\g,c => quant.sp ! n ! g ! c ++ 
+                      num.s!g!c ++ ord.s ! agrAdj g (adjfCase a c) n c ;
+        n = n ;
+        a = a
+        } ;
+
+    DetQuant quant num = 
+      let 
+        n = num.n ;
+        a = quant.a
+      in {
+        s = \\g,c => quant.s ! num.isNum ! n ! g ! c ++ num.s!g!c ;
+        sp = \\g,c => quant.sp ! n ! g ! c ++ num.s!g!c ;
+        n = n ;
+        a = a
+        } ;
+
+
+    PossPron p = {
+      s  = \\_,n,g,c => p.s ! NPPoss (gennum g n) c ;
+      sp = \\n,g,c => p.s ! NPPoss (gennum g n) c ;
+      a = Strong --- need separately weak for Pl ?
+      } ;
+
+    NumCard n = n ** {isNum = True} ;
+
+    NumPl = {s = \\g,c => []; n = Pl ; isNum = False} ; 
+    NumSg = {s = \\g,c => []; n = Sg ; isNum = False} ; 
+
+    NumDigits numeral = {s = \\g,c => numeral.s ! NCard g c; n = numeral.n } ;
+    OrdDigits numeral = {s = \\af => numeral.s ! NOrd af} ;
+
+    NumNumeral numeral = {s = \\g,c => numeral.s ! NCard g c; n = numeral.n } ;
+    OrdNumeral numeral = {s = \\af => numeral.s ! NOrd af} ;
+
+    AdNum adn num = {s = \\g,c => adn.s ++ num.s!g!c; n = num.n } ;
+
+    OrdSuperl a = {s = a.s ! Superl} ;
+
+    DefArt = {
+      s = \\_,n,g,c => artDef ! gennum g n ! c ; 
+      sp = \\n,g,c   => artDef ! gennum g n ! c ;  ---- deren, denem...
+      a = Weak
+      } ;
+
+    IndefArt = {
+      s = table {
+        True => \\_,_,_ => [] ; 
+        False => table {
+          Sg => \\g,c => "ein" + pronEnding ! GSg g ! c ;  
+          Pl =>  \\_,_ => []
+          }
+        } ; 
+      sp = \\_,g,c => "ein" + pronEnding ! GSg g ! c ; ---- plural ; einer  
+      a = Strong
+      } ;
+
+    MassNP cn = {
+      s = \\c => cn.s ! adjfCase Strong c ! Sg ! c ;
+      a = agrP3 Sg ;
+      isPron = False
+      } ;
+
+    UseN, UseN2 = \n -> {
+      s = \\_ => n.s ;
+      g = n.g
+      } ;
+
+    ComplN2 f x = {
+      s = \\_,n,c => f.s ! n ! c ++ appPrep f.c2 x.s ;
+      g = f.g
+      } ;
+
+    ComplN3 f x = {
+      s = \\n,c => f.s ! n ! c ++ appPrep f.c2 x.s ;
+      g = f.g ; 
+      c2 = f.c3
+      } ;
+
+    Use2N3 f = {
+      s = f.s ;
+      g = f.g ; 
+      c2 = f.c2
+      } ;
+
+    Use3N3 f = {
+      s = f.s ;
+      g = f.g ; 
+      c2 = f.c3
+      } ;
+
+    AdjCN ap cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g 
+      in {
+        s = \\a,n,c => 
+               preOrPost ap.isPre
+                 (ap.s ! agrAdj g a n c)
+                 (cn.s ! a ! n ! c) ;
+        g = g
+        } ;
+
+    RelCN cn rs = {
+      s = \\a,n,c => cn.s ! a ! n ! c ++ rs.s ! gennum cn.g n ;
+      g = cn.g
+      } ;
+
+    RelNP np rs = {
+      s = \\c => np.s ! c ++ "," ++ rs.s ! gennum np.a.g np.a.n ;
+      a = np.a ;
+      isPron = False
+      } ;
+
+    SentCN cn s = {
+      s = \\a,n,c => cn.s ! a ! n ! c ++ s.s ;
+      g = cn.g
+      } ;
+
+    AdvCN cn s = {
+      s = \\a,n,c => cn.s ! a ! n ! c ++ s.s ;
+      g = cn.g
+      } ;
+
+    ApposCN  cn np = let g = cn.g in {
+      s = \\a,n,c => cn.s ! a ! n ! c ++ np.s ! c ;
+      g = g ;
+      isMod = cn.isMod
+      } ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/NumeralGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+concrete NumeralGer of Numeral = CatGer ** open MorphoGer in {
+
+flags optimize = all_subs ;
+
+lincat 
+  Digit = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str} ;
+  Sub10 = {s : DForm => CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Sub100, Sub1000, Sub1000000 = 
+          {s :          CardOrd => Str ; n : Number} ;
+
+lin 
+  num x = x ;
+
+  n2 = mkDigit  "zwei"  "zwölf"   "zwanzig"   "zweite" ;
+  n3 = mkDigit  "drei"  "dreizehn" "dreissig" "dritte" ;
+  n4 = regDigit  "vier" ;
+  n5 = regDigit  "fünf" ;
+  n6 = regDigit  "sechs" ;
+  n7 = mkDigit  "sieben"  "siebzehn" "siebzig" "siebte" ;
+  n8 = mkDigit  "acht" "achzehn"   "achzig"   "achte" ;
+  n9 = regDigit  "neun" ;
+
+  pot01 = {
+    s = \\f => table {
+          NCard g c => "ein" + pronEnding ! GSg g ! c ;
+          NOrd af => (regA "erst").s ! Posit ! af
+          } ; 
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  pot0 d = {s = \\f,g => d.s ! f ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+  pot110 = {s = cardReg "zehn"; n = Pl} ;
+  pot111 = {s = cardReg "elf"; n = Pl} ;
+  pot1to19 d = {s = d.s ! DTeen; n = Pl} ;
+  pot0as1 n = {s = n.s ! DUnit; n = n.n } ;
+  pot1 d = {s = d.s ! DTen; n = Pl} ;
+  pot1plus d e = {s = \\g => e.s ! DUnit ! invNum ++ "und" ++ d.s ! DTen ! g; n = Pl} ;
+  pot1as2 n = n ;
+  pot2 d = 
+    {s = \\g => d.s ! DUnit ! invNum ++ cardOrd "hundert" "hunderte" ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+  pot2plus d e = 
+    {s = \\g => d.s ! DUnit ! invNum ++ "hundert" ++ e.s ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+  pot2as3 n = n ;
+  pot3 n = 
+    {s = \\g => n.s ! invNum ++ cardOrd "tausend" "tausendte" ! g ; n = Pl} ; ----
+  pot3plus n m = 
+    {s = \\g => n.s ! invNum ++ "tausend" ++ m.s ! g ; n = Pl} ;
+
+
+  lincat 
+    Dig = TDigit ;
+
+  lin
+    IDig d = d ; 
+
+    IIDig d i = {
+      s = \\o => d.s ! invNum ++ i.s ! o ;
+      n = Pl
+    } ;
+
+    ---- TODO: case endings of ordinals
+    D_0 = mkDig "0" ;
+    D_1 = mk3Dig "1" "1e" Sg ;
+    D_2 = mk2Dig "2" "2e" ;
+    D_3 = mkDig "3" ;
+    D_4 = mkDig "4" ;
+    D_5 = mkDig "5" ;
+    D_6 = mkDig "6" ;
+    D_7 = mkDig "7" ;
+    D_8 = mkDig "8" ;
+    D_9 = mkDig "9" ;
+
+  oper
+    mk2Dig : Str -> Str -> TDigit = \c,o -> mk3Dig c o Pl ;
+    mkDig : Str -> TDigit = \c -> mk2Dig c (c + "e") ;
+
+    mk3Dig : Str -> Str -> Number -> TDigit = \c,o,n -> {
+      s = table {NCard _ _ => c ; NOrd _ => o} ;
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+    TDigit = {
+      n : Number ;
+      s : CardOrd => Str
+    } ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/ParadigmsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+--# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
+
+--1 German Lexical Paradigms
+--
+-- Aarne Ranta, Harald Hammarström and Björn Bringert2003--2007
+--
+-- This is an API for the user of the resource grammar 
+-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
+-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
+-- 
+-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
+-- accessed through the resource syntax API, $Structural.gf$. 
+--
+-- The structure of functions for each word class $C$ is the following:
+-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
+-- cases, from the most regular (with just one argument) to the worst. 
+-- The name of this function is $mkC$.
+-- 
+-- There is also a module [``IrregGer`` ../../german/IrregGer.gf] 
+-- which covers irregular verbs.
+
+
+resource ParadigmsGer = open 
+  (Predef=Predef), 
+  Prelude, 
+  MorphoGer,
+  CatGer
+  in {
+
+--2 Parameters 
+
+-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
+
+oper
+  Gender    : Type ; 
+
+  masculine : Gender ;
+  feminine  : Gender ;
+  neuter    : Gender ;
+
+-- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
+
+  Case       : Type ; 
+
+  nominative : Case ;
+  accusative : Case ;
+  dative     : Case ;
+  genitive   : Case ;
+
+-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
+
+  Number    : Type ; 
+
+  singular  : Number ;
+  plural    : Number ;
+
+
+--2 Nouns
+
+
+mkN : overload {
+-- The regular heuristics recognizes some suffixes, from which it
+-- guesses the gender and the declension: "e, ung, ion" give the
+-- feminine with plural ending "-n, -en", and the rest are masculines
+-- with the plural "-e" (without Umlaut).
+
+  mkN : (Stufe : Str) -> N ;
+
+-- The 'almost regular' case is much like the information given in an ordinary
+-- dictionary. It takes the singular and plural nominative and the
+-- gender, and infers the other forms from these.
+
+  mkN : (Bild,Bilder : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+
+-- Worst case: give all four singular forms, two plural forms (others + dative),
+-- and the gender.
+
+  mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N
+                       -- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
+  };
+
+
+-- Relational nouns need a preposition. The most common is "von" with
+-- the dative, and there is a special case for regular nouns.
+
+  mkN2 : overload {
+    mkN2 : Str -> N2 ;
+    mkN2 : N ->   N2 ; 
+    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2
+    } ;   
+
+-- Use the function $mkPrep$ or see the section on prepositions below to  
+-- form other prepositions.
+-- Some prepositions are moreover constructed in [StructuralGer StructuralGer.html].
+--
+-- Three-place relational nouns ("die Verbindung von x nach y") need two prepositions.
+
+  mkN3 : N -> Prep -> Prep -> N3 ;
+
+
+--3 Proper names and noun phrases
+--
+-- Proper names, with an "s" genitive and other cases like the
+-- nominative, are formed from a string. Final "s" ("Johannes-Johannes") is
+-- taken into account.
+
+  mkPN : overload {
+    mkPN : Str -> PN ;
+
+-- If only the genitive differs, two strings are needed.
+
+    mkPN : (nom,gen : Str) -> PN ;
+
+-- In the worst case, all four forms are needed.
+
+    mkPN : (nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN
+    } ;
+
+
+
+--2 Adjectives
+
+  mkA : overload {
+
+-- The regular adjective formation works for most cases, and includes
+-- variations such as "teuer - teurer", "böse - böser".
+
+    mkA : Str -> A ;
+
+-- In the worst case, adjectives need three forms - one for each degree.
+
+    mkA : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A -- gut,besser,beste 
+
+    };
+
+-- Invariable adjective are a special case. 
+
+  invarA : Str -> A ;            -- prima
+
+-- Two-place adjectives are formed by adding a preposition to an adjective.
+
+  mkA2 : A -> Prep -> A2 ;
+
+--2 Adverbs
+
+-- Adverbs are formed from strings.
+
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
+
+
+--2 Prepositions
+
+-- A preposition is formed from a string and a case.
+
+  mkPrep : Str -> Case -> Prep ;
+  
+-- Often just a case with the empty string is enough.
+
+  accPrep : Prep ;
+  datPrep : Prep ;
+  genPrep : Prep ;
+
+-- A couple of common prepositions (always with the dative).
+
+  von_Prep : Prep ;
+  zu_Prep  : Prep ;
+
+--2 Verbs
+
+mkV : overload {
+
+-- Regular verbs ("weak verbs") need just the infinitive form.
+
+  mkV : (führen : Str) -> V ;
+
+-- Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
+
+  mkV : (sehen,sieht,sah,sähe,gesehen : Str) -> V ;
+
+-- The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
+-- - Infinitive, 
+-- - 3p sg pres. indicative, 
+-- - 2p sg imperative, 
+-- - 1/3p sg imperfect indicative, 
+-- - 1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut)
+-- - the perfect participle 
+--
+--
+
+  mkV : (geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben : Str) -> V ; 
+
+-- To add a movable suffix e.g. "auf(fassen)".
+
+  mkV : Str -> V -> V
+};
+
+
+-- To remove the past participle prefix "ge", e.g. for the verbs
+-- prefixed by "be-, ver-".
+
+  no_geV : V -> V ;
+
+-- To change the auxiliary from "haben" (default) to "sein" and
+-- vice-versa.
+
+  seinV  : V -> V ;
+  habenV : V -> V ;
+
+-- Reflexive verbs can take reflexive pronouns of different cases.
+
+  reflV  : V -> Case -> V ;
+
+
+--3 Two-place verbs
+
+mkV2 : overload {
+
+-- Two-place verbs with a preposition.
+
+  mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
+
+-- Two-place verbs with direct object (accusative, transitive verbs).
+
+  mkV2 : V -> V2 ;
+
+-- Two-place verbs with object in the given case.
+
+  mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2
+};
+
+
+--3 Three-place verbs
+--
+-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
+-- the first one or both can be absent.
+
+  mkV3     : V -> Prep -> Prep -> V3 ;  -- sprechen, mit, über
+  dirV3    : V -> Prep -> V3 ;          -- senden,(accusative),nach
+  accdatV3 : V -> V3 ;                  -- give,accusative,dative
+
+--3 Other complement patterns
+--
+-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
+-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
+
+  mkV0  : V -> V0 ;
+  mkVS  : V -> VS ;
+  mkV2S : V -> Prep -> V2S ;
+  mkVV  : V -> VV ;
+  mkV2V : V -> Prep -> V2V ;
+  mkVA  : V -> VA ;
+  mkV2A : V -> Prep -> V2A ;
+  mkVQ  : V -> VQ ;
+  mkV2Q : V -> Prep -> V2Q ;
+
+  mkAS  : A -> AS ;
+  mkA2S : A -> Prep -> A2S ;
+  mkAV  : A -> AV ;
+  mkA2V : A -> Prep -> A2V ;
+
+-- Notice: categories $AS, A2S, AV, A2V$ are just $A$, 
+-- and the second argument is given as an adverb. Likewise 
+-- $V0$ is just $V$.
+
+  V0 : Type ;
+  AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
+
+
+--.
+--2 Definitions of paradigms
+--
+-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
+-- hidden from the document.
+
+
+
+  Gender = MorphoGer.Gender ;
+  Case = MorphoGer.Case ;
+  Number = MorphoGer.Number ;
+  masculine = Masc ;
+  feminine  = Fem ;
+  neuter = Neutr ;
+  nominative = Nom ;
+  accusative = Acc ;
+  dative = Dat ;
+  genitive = Gen ;
+  singular = Sg ;
+  plural = Pl ;
+
+  mk6N a b c d e f g = MorphoGer.mkN a b c d e f g ** {lock_N = <>} ;
+
+  regN : Str -> N = \hund -> case hund of {
+    _ + "e" => mk6N hund hund hund hund (hund + "n") (hund + "n") Fem ;
+    _ + ("ion" | "ung") => mk6N hund hund hund hund (hund + "en") (hund + "en") Fem ;
+    _ + ("er" | "en" | "el") => mk6N hund hund hund (genitS hund) hund (pluralN hund) Masc ; 
+    _  => mk6N hund hund hund (genitS hund) (hund + "e") (pluralN hund) Masc
+    } ;
+
+  reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N = \hund,hunde,g -> 
+    let
+      hunds = genitS hund ;
+      hundE = dativE hund ;
+      hunden = pluralN hunde
+    in
+    case <hund,hunde,g> of {                                        -- Duden p. 223
+      <_,_ + ("e" | "er"), Masc | Neutr> =>                         -- I,IV 
+        mk6N hund hund hundE hunds hunde hunden g ;
+      <_ + ("el"|"er"|"en"),_ + ("el"|"er"|"en"), Masc | Neutr> =>  -- II
+        mk6N hund hund hund hunds hunde hunden g ;
+      <_,_ + "s", Masc | Neutr> =>                                  -- V 
+        mk6N hund hund hund (hund + "s") hunde hunde g ;
+      <_,_ + "en", Masc> =>                                         -- VI 
+        mk6N hund hunde hunde hunde hunde hunde g ;
+      <_,_ + ("e" | "er"), Fem> =>                                  -- VII,VIII 
+        mk6N hund hund hund hund hunde hunden g ;
+      <_,_ + ("n" | "s"), Fem> =>                                   -- IX,X 
+        mk6N hund hund hund hund hunde hunde g ;
+      _ => regN hund
+    } ;
+   
+  mkN2 = overload {
+    mkN2 : Str -> N2 = \s -> vonN2 (regN s) ;
+    mkN2 : N ->   N2 = vonN2 ;
+    mkN2 : N -> Prep -> N2 = mmkN2
+    } ;   
+
+
+  mmkN2  : N -> Prep -> N2 = \n,p -> n ** {c2 = p ; lock_N2 = <>} ;
+  vonN2 : N -> N2 = \n -> n ** {c2 = {s = "von" ; c = dative} ; lock_N2 = <>} ;
+
+  mkN3 = \n,p,q -> n ** {c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_N3 = <>} ;
+
+  mk2PN = \karolus, karoli -> 
+    {s = table {Gen => karoli ; _ => karolus} ; lock_PN = <>} ;
+  regPN = \horst -> 
+    mk2PN horst (ifTok Tok (Predef.dp 1 horst) "s" horst (horst + "s")) ;
+
+  mkPN = overload {
+    mkPN : Str -> PN = regPN ;
+    mkPN : (nom,gen : Str) -> PN = mk2PN ;
+    mkPN : (nom,acc,dat,gen : Str) -> PN = \nom,acc,dat,gen ->
+      {s = table {Nom => nom ; Acc => acc ; Dat => dat ; Gen => gen} ; lock_PN = <>} 
+    } ;
+
+  mk2PN  : (karolus, karoli : Str) -> PN ; -- karolus, karoli
+  regPN : (Johann : Str) -> PN ;  
+    -- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
+
+
+  mk3A : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A = \a,b,c ->
+    let aa : Str = case a of {
+      teu + "er" => teu + "r" ;
+      mud + "e" => mud ;
+      _ => a
+    } in 
+    MorphoGer.mkA a aa b (init c) ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+
+  regA : Str -> A = \a -> case a of {
+    teu + "er" => mk3A a (teu + "rer") (teu + "reste") ;
+    _ + "e"    => mk3A a (a + "r") (a + "ste") ;
+    _          => mk3A a (a + "er") (a + "este")
+    } ;
+
+  invarA = \s -> {s = \\_,_ => s ; lock_A = <>} ; ---- comparison
+
+  mkA2 = \a,p -> a ** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = <>} ;
+
+  mkAdv s = {s = s ; lock_Adv = <>} ;
+
+  mkPrep s c = {s = s ; c = c ; lock_Prep = <>} ;
+  accPrep = mkPrep [] accusative ;
+  datPrep = mkPrep [] dative ;
+  genPrep = mkPrep [] genitive ;
+  von_Prep = mkPrep "von" dative ;
+  zu_Prep = mkPrep "zu" dative ;
+
+  mk6V geben gibt gib gab gaebe gegeben = 
+    let
+      geb   = stemVerb geben ;
+      gebe  = geb + "e" ;
+      gibst = verbST (init gibt) ;
+      gebt  = verbT geb ;
+      gabst = verbST gab ;
+      gaben = pluralN gab ;
+      gabt  = verbT gab
+    in 
+    MorphoGer.mkV 
+      geben gebe gibst gibt gebt gib gab gabst gaben gabt gaebe gegeben
+      [] VHaben ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  regV fragen = 
+    let
+      frag    = stemVerb fragen ;
+      fragt   = verbT frag ;
+      fragte  = fragt + "e" ;
+      gefragt = "ge" + fragt ;
+    in
+    mk6V fragen fragt (frag + "e") fragte fragte gefragt ;
+
+  irregV singen singt sang saenge gesungen = 
+    let
+      sing = stemVerb singen ;
+    in
+    mk6V singen singt sing sang saenge gesungen ;
+
+  prefixV p v = MorphoGer.prefixV p v ** {lock_V = v.lock_V} ;
+
+  habenV v = 
+    {s = v.s ; prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = VHaben ; vtype = v.vtype} ;
+  seinV v = 
+    {s = v.s ; prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = VSein ; vtype = v.vtype} ;
+  reflV v c = 
+    {s = v.s ; prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = VHaben ; vtype = VRefl c} ;
+
+  no_geV v = let vs = v.s in {
+    s = table {
+      p@(VPastPart _) => Predef.drop 2 (vs ! p) ;
+      p => vs ! p
+      } ;
+    prefix = v.prefix ; lock_V = v.lock_V ; aux = v.aux ; vtype = v.vtype
+    } ;
+
+  haben_V = MorphoGer.haben_V ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  sein_V = MorphoGer.sein_V ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  werden_V = MorphoGer.werden_V ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  prepV2 v c   = v ** {c2 = c ; lock_V2 = <>} ;
+  dirV2 v = prepV2 v (mkPrep [] accusative) ;
+  datV2 v = prepV2 v (mkPrep [] dative) ;
+
+  mkV3 v c d = v ** {c2 = c ; c3 = d ; lock_V3 = <>} ;
+  dirV3 v p = mkV3 v (mkPrep [] accusative) p ;
+  accdatV3 v = dirV3 v (mkPrep [] dative) ; 
+
+  mkVS v = v ** {lock_VS = <>} ;
+  mkVQ v = v ** {lock_VQ = <>} ;
+  mkVV v = v ** {isAux = False ; lock_VV = <>} ;
+
+  V0 : Type = V ;
+--  V2S, V2V, V2Q : Type = V2 ;
+  AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
+  A2V : Type = A2 ;
+
+  mkV0  v = v ** {lock_V = <>} ;
+  mkV2S v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2S = <>} ;
+  mkV2V v p = prepV2 v p ** {isAux = False ; lock_V2V = <>} ;
+  mkVA  v = v ** {lock_VA = <>} ;
+  mkV2A v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2A = <>} ;
+  mkV2Q v p = prepV2 v p ** {lock_V2Q = <>} ;
+
+  mkAS  v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+  mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+  mkAV  v = v ** {lock_A = <>} ;
+  mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p ** {lock_A2 = <>} ;
+
+-- pre-overload API and overload definitions
+
+  regN : Str -> N ;
+  reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N ;
+  mk6N : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N ; 
+
+  mkN = overload {
+    mkN : Str -> N = regN ;
+    mkN : (x1,x2 : Str) -> Gender -> N = reg2N ;
+    mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> N = mk6N
+    };
+
+
+
+  regA : Str -> A ;
+  mk3A : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A ;
+
+  mkA = overload {
+    mkA : Str -> A = regA ;
+    mkA : (gut,besser,beste : Str) -> A = mk3A
+    };
+
+
+
+  regV : Str -> V ;
+  irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> V ;
+  mk6V : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V ;
+
+  prefixV : Str -> V -> V ;
+
+  mkV = overload {
+    mkV : Str -> V = regV ;
+    mkV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> V = irregV ;
+    mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> V = mk6V ;
+    mkV : Str -> V -> V = prefixV
+    };
+
+
+  prepV2  : V -> Prep -> V2 ;
+
+  dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
+
+  datV2 : V -> V2 ;
+
+  mkV2 = overload {
+    mkV2 : V -> Prep -> V2 = prepV2;
+    mkV2 : V -> V2 = dirV2 ;
+    mkV2 : V -> Case -> V2 = \v,c -> prepV2 v (mkPrep [] c)
+    };
+
+
+} ;

next-lib/src/german/PhraseGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+concrete PhraseGer of Phrase = CatGer ** open Prelude, ResGer in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
+
+    UttS s = {s = s.s ! Main} ;
+    UttQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QDir} ;
+    UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! ImpF Sg False} ;
+    UttImpPl pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! ImpF Pl False} ;
+    UttImpPol pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! pol.p ! ImpF Sg True} ;
+
+    UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! Nom} ; --- Acc also
+    UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;
+    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Nom} ;
+    UttVP vp = {s = useInfVP True vp} ;  -- without zu
+    UttAdv adv = adv ;
+
+    NoPConj = {s = []} ;
+    PConjConj conj = ss (conj.s2) ;
+
+    NoVoc = {s = []} ;
+    VocNP np = {s = "," ++ np.s ! Nom} ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/QuestionGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+concrete QuestionGer of Question = CatGer ** open ResGer in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    QuestCl cl = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,p => 
+            let cls = cl.s ! m ! t ! a ! p 
+            in table {
+              QDir   => cls ! Inv ;
+              QIndir => "ob" ++ cls ! Sub
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    QuestVP qp vp = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,b,q => 
+        let 
+          cl = (mkClause (qp.s ! Nom) (agrP3 qp.n) vp).s ! m ! t ! a ! b
+        in
+        case q of {
+            QIndir => cl ! Sub ;
+            _      => cl ! Main
+            }
+      } ;
+
+    QuestSlash ip slash = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,p => 
+            let 
+              cls = slash.s ! m ! t ! a ! p ;
+              who = appPrep slash.c2 ip.s
+            in table {
+              QDir   => who ++ cls ! Inv ;
+              QIndir => who ++ cls ! Sub
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    QuestIAdv iadv cl = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,p => 
+            let 
+              cls = cl.s ! m ! t ! a ! p ;
+              why = iadv.s
+            in table {
+              QDir   => why ++ cls ! Inv ;
+              QIndir => why ++ cls ! Sub
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    QuestIComp icomp np = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,p => 
+            let 
+              vp  = predV sein_V ;
+              cls = (mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a vp).s ! m ! t ! a ! p ;
+              why = icomp.s ! np.a
+            in table {
+              QDir   => why ++ cls ! Inv ;
+              QIndir => why ++ cls ! Sub
+              }
+      } ;
+
+    PrepIP p ip = {
+      s = appPrep p ip.s
+      } ;
+
+    AdvIP ip adv = {
+      s = \\c => ip.s ! c ++ adv.s ;
+      n = ip.n
+      } ;
+
+    IdetCN idet cn = 
+      let 
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = idet.n
+      in {
+      s = \\c => idet.s ! g ! c ++ cn.s ! Weak ! n ! c ; 
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+    IdetIP idet = 
+      let 
+        g = Neutr ; ----
+        n = idet.n
+      in {
+      s = idet.s ! g ;
+      n = n
+      } ;
+
+    IdetQuant idet num = 
+      let 
+        n = num.n
+      in {
+      s = \\g,c => idet.s ! n ! g ! c ++ num.s!g!c  ; 
+      n = n
+      } ;
+ 
+    CompIAdv a = {s = \\_ => a.s} ;
+
+    CompIP ip = {s = \\_ => ip.s ! Nom} ;
+
+}
+

next-lib/src/german/RelativeGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+concrete RelativeGer of Relative = CatGer ** open ResGer in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    RelCl cl = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,b,_ => "derart" ++ conjThat ++ cl.s ! m ! t ! a ! b ! Sub ;
+      c = Nom
+      } ;
+
+    RelVP rp vp = {
+      s = \\m,t,ant,b,gn => 
+        let 
+          agr = case rp.a of {
+            RNoAg => agrP3 (numGenNum gn) ;
+            RAg a => a ** {g = Neutr}
+            } ;
+          cl = mkClause (rp.s ! gn ! Nom) agr vp
+        in
+        cl.s ! m ! t ! ant ! b ! Sub ;
+      c = Nom
+      } ;
+
+    RelSlash rp slash = {
+      s = \\m,t,a,p,gn => 
+          appPrep slash.c2 (rp.s ! gn) ++ slash.s ! m ! t ! a ! p ! Sub ;
+      c = slash.c2.c
+      } ;
+
+    FunRP p np rp = {
+      s = \\gn,c => np.s ! c ++ appPrep p (rp.s ! gn) ;
+      a = RAg {n = np.a.n ; p = np.a.p}
+      } ;
+
+    IdRP = {s = relPron ; a = RNoAg} ;
+
+  oper
+      relPron :  GenNum => Case => Str = \\gn,c =>
+    case <gn,c> of {
+      <GSg Fem,Gen> => "deren" ;
+      <GSg g,Gen>   => "dessen" ;
+      <GPl,Dat>     => "denen" ;
+      <GPl,Gen>     => "deren" ;
+      _ => artDef ! gn ! c
+      } ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/ResGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:prelude
+
+--1 German auxiliary operations.
+--
+-- (c) 2002-2006 Aarne Ranta and Harald Hammarström
+--
+-- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
+-- resource syntax work. To define everything that is needed to
+-- implement $Test$, it moreover contains some lexical
+-- patterns needed for $Lex$.
+
+resource ResGer = ParamX ** open Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+--2 For $Noun$
+
+-- These are the standard four-value case and three-value gender.
+
+  param
+    Case = Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem | Neutr ;
+
+-- Complex $CN$s, like adjectives, have strong and weak forms.
+
+    Adjf = Strong | Weak ;
+
+-- Gender distinctions are only made in the singular. 
+
+    GenNum = GSg Gender | GPl ;
+
+-- Agreement of $NP$ is a record.
+
+  oper Agr = {g : Gender ; n : Number ; p : Person} ;
+
+-- Pronouns are the worst-case noun phrases, which have both case
+-- and possessive forms.
+
+  param NPForm = NPCase Case | NPPoss GenNum Case ;
+
+--2 For $Adjective$
+
+-- The predicative form of adjectives is not inflected further.
+
+  param AForm = APred | AMod GenNum Case ;  
+
+
+--2 For $Verb$
+
+  param VForm = 
+     VInf Bool           -- True = with the particle "zu"
+   | VFin Bool VFormFin  -- True = prefix glued to verb
+   | VImper    Number    -- prefix never glued
+   | VPresPart AForm     -- prefix always glued
+   | VPastPart AForm ;
+
+  param VFormFin = 
+     VPresInd  Number Person
+   | VPresSubj Number Person
+   | VImpfInd  Number Person --# notpresent
+   | VImpfSubj Number Person --# notpresent
+   ;
+
+  param VPForm =
+     VPFinite  Mood Tense Anteriority
+   | VPImperat Bool
+   | VPInfinit Anteriority ;
+
+  param VAux = VHaben | VSein ;
+
+  param VType = VAct | VRefl Case ;
+
+-- The order of sentence is depends on whether it is used as a main
+-- clause, inverted, or subordinate.
+
+  param  
+    Order = Main | Inv | Sub ;
+
+-- Main clause mood: "es sei, es wäre, es werde sein".
+-- Not relevant for $Fut$. ---
+
+    Mood = MIndic | MConjunct ;
+
+--2 For $Relative$
+ 
+    RAgr = RNoAg | RAg {n : Number ; p : Person} ;
+
+--2 For $Numeral$
+
+    CardOrd = NCard Gender Case | NOrd AForm ;
+    DForm = DUnit  | DTeen  | DTen ;
+
+--2 Transformations between parameter types
+
+  oper
+    agrP3 : Number -> Agr = agrgP3 Neutr ;
+
+    agrgP3 : Gender -> Number -> Agr = \g,n -> 
+      {g = g ; n = n ; p = P3} ;
+
+    gennum : Gender -> Number -> GenNum = \g,n ->
+      case n of {
+        Sg => GSg g ;
+        Pl => GPl
+        } ;
+
+-- Needed in $RelativeGer$.
+
+    numGenNum : GenNum -> Number = \gn -> 
+      case gn of {
+        GSg _ => Sg ;
+        GPl   => Pl
+        } ;
+
+-- Used in $NounGer$.
+
+    agrAdj : Gender -> Adjf -> Number -> Case -> AForm = \g,a,n,c ->
+      let
+        gn = gennum g n ;
+        e  = AMod (GSg Fem) Nom ;
+        en = AMod (GSg Masc) Acc ;
+      in
+      case a of {
+        Strong => AMod gn c ;
+        _ => case <gn,c> of {
+          <GSg _,   Nom> => e ;
+          <GSg Masc,Acc> => en ;
+          <GSg _,   Acc> => e ;
+          _              => en 
+        }
+      } ;
+
+-- This is used twice in NounGer.
+
+    adjfCase : Adjf -> Case -> Adjf = \a,c -> case <a,c> of {
+         <Strong, Nom|Acc> => Strong ;
+         _ => Weak
+         } ;      
+
+    vFin : Bool -> Mood -> Tense -> Agr -> VForm = \b,m,t,a ->
+      case <t,m> of {
+        <Pres,MIndic>    => VFin b (VPresInd   a.n a.p) ;
+        <Pres,MConjunct> => VFin b (VPresSubj  a.n a.p) ;
+        <Past,MIndic>    => VFin b (VImpfInd   a.n a.p) ;  --# notpresent
+        <Past,MConjunct> => VFin b (VImpfSubj  a.n a.p) ;  --# notpresent
+        _ => VInf False --- never used
+        } ;
+
+    conjAgr : Agr -> Agr -> Agr = \a,b -> {
+      g = Neutr ; ----
+      n = conjNumber a.n b.n ;
+      p = conjPerson a.p b.p
+      } ;
+
+-- For $Lex$.
+
+-- For conciseness and abstraction, we first define a method for
+-- generating a case-dependent table from a list of four forms.
+
+  oper
+  caselist : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> Case => Str = \n,a,d,g -> 
+    table {
+      Nom => n ; 
+      Acc => a ; 
+      Dat => d ; 
+      Gen => g
+      } ;
+
+-- For each lexical category, here are the worst-case constructors and
+-- some practical special cases.
+-- More paradigms are given in $ParadigmsGer$.
+
+-- The worst-case constructor for common nouns needs six forms: all plural forms
+-- are always the same except for the dative. Actually the six forms are never
+-- needed at the same time, but just subsets of them.
+
+  Noun : Type = {s : Number => Case => Str ; g : Gender} ;
+
+  mkN  : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -> Gender -> Noun = 
+    \mann, mannen, manne, mannes, maenner, maennern, g -> {
+     s = table {
+       Sg => caselist mann mannen manne mannes ;
+       Pl => caselist maenner maenner maennern maenner
+       } ; 
+     g = g
+    } ;
+
+-- Adjectives need four forms: two for the positive and one for the other degrees.
+
+  Adjective : Type = {s : Degree => AForm => Str} ;
+
+  mkA : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> Adjective = \gut,gute,besser,best -> 
+    {s = table {
+       Posit  => adjForms gut gute ; 
+       Compar => adjForms besser besser ; 
+       Superl => adjForms best best
+       }
+    } ;
+
+-- Verbs need as many as 12 forms, to cover the variations with
+-- suffixes "t" and "st". Auxiliaries like "sein" will have to
+-- make extra cases even for this.
+
+  Verb : Type = {
+    s : VForm => Str ; 
+    prefix : Str ; 
+    aux : VAux ; 
+    vtype : VType
+    } ;
+
+  mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,x12 : Str) -> Str -> VAux -> Verb = 
+    \geben,gebe,gibst,gibt,gebt,gib,
+     gab,gabst,gaben,gabt,
+     gaebe,gegeben,ein,aux ->
+    let 
+      einb : Bool -> Str -> Str = \b,geb -> 
+        if_then_Str b (ein + geb) geb ;
+    in
+    {s = table {
+      VInf False => ein + geben ;
+      VInf True  => 
+        if_then_Str (isNil ein) ("zu" ++ geben) (ein + "zu" + geben) ;
+      VFin b vf => einb b (case vf of { 
+       VPresInd Sg P1  => gebe ;
+       VPresInd Sg P2  => gibst ;
+       VPresInd Sg P3  => gibt ;
+       VPresInd Pl P2  => gebt ;
+       VPresInd Pl _   => geben ;
+       VImpfInd Sg P2  => gabst ;        --# notpresent
+       VImpfInd Sg _   => gab ;          --# notpresent
+       VImpfInd Pl P2  => gabt ;         --# notpresent
+       VImpfInd Pl _   => gaben ;        --# notpresent
+       VImpfSubj Sg P2 => gaebe + "st" ; --# notpresent
+       VImpfSubj Sg _  => gaebe ;        --# notpresent
+       VImpfSubj Pl P2 => gaebe + "t" ;  --# notpresent
+       VImpfSubj Pl _  => gaebe + "n" ;  --# notpresent
+       VPresSubj Sg P2 => init geben + "st" ;
+       VPresSubj Sg _  => init geben ;       
+       VPresSubj Pl P2 => init geben + "t" ; 
+       VPresSubj Pl _  => geben             
+       }) ;
+      VImper Sg        => gib ;
+      VImper Pl        => gebt ;
+      VPresPart a      => ein + (regA (geben + "d")).s ! Posit ! a ;
+      VPastPart a      => ein + (regA gegeben).s ! Posit ! a
+      } ;
+     prefix = ein ;
+     aux = aux ;
+     vtype = VAct
+     } ;
+
+-- To add a prefix (like "ein") to an already existing verb.
+
+  prefixV : Str -> Verb -> Verb = \ein,verb ->
+    let
+      vs = verb.s ;
+      geben = vs ! VInf False ;
+      einb : Bool -> Str -> Str = \b,geb -> 
+        if_then_Str b (ein + geb) geb ;
+    in
+    {s = table {
+      VInf False => ein + geben ;
+      VInf True  => 
+        if_then_Str (isNil ein) ("zu" ++ geben) (ein + "zu" + geben) ;
+      VFin b vf => einb b (vs ! VFin b vf) ;
+      VImper n    => vs ! VImper n ;
+      VPresPart a => ein + (regA (geben + "d")).s ! Posit ! a ;
+      VPastPart a => ein + vs ! VPastPart a
+      } ;
+     prefix = ein ;
+     aux = verb.aux ;
+     vtype = verb.vtype
+     } ;
+
+
+-- These functions cover many regular cases; full coverage inflectional patterns are
+-- defined in $MorphoGer$.
+
+  mkN4 : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> Gender -> Noun = \wein,weines,weine,weinen ->
+    mkN wein wein wein weines weine weinen ;
+
+  regA : Str -> Adjective = \blau ->
+    mkA blau blau (blau + "er") (blau + "est") ;
+
+  regV : Str -> Verb = \legen ->
+    let 
+      lege  = init legen ;
+      leg   = init lege ;
+      legt  = leg + "t" ;
+      legte = legt + "e"
+    in
+    mkV 
+      legen lege (leg+"st") legt legt leg 
+      legte (legte + "st") (legte + "n") (legte + "t")
+      legte ("ge" + legt) 
+      [] VHaben ;
+
+-- Prepositions for complements indicate the complement case.
+
+  Preposition : Type = {s : Str ; c : Case} ;
+
+-- To apply a preposition to a complement.
+
+  appPrep : Preposition -> (Case => Str) -> Str = \prep,arg ->
+    prep.s ++ arg ! prep.c ;
+
+-- To build a preposition from just a case.
+
+  noPreposition : Case -> Preposition = \c -> 
+    {s = [] ; c = c} ;
+
+-- Pronouns and articles
+-- Here we define personal and relative pronouns.
+-- All personal pronouns, except "ihr", conform to the simple
+-- pattern $mkPronPers$.
+
+  mkPronPers : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -> Gender -> Number -> Person -> 
+               {s : NPForm => Str ; a : Agr} = 
+    \ich,mich,mir,meiner,mein,g,n,p -> {
+      s = table {
+        NPCase c    => caselist ich mich mir meiner ! c ;
+        NPPoss gn c => mein + pronEnding ! gn ! c
+        } ;
+      a = {g = g ; n = n ; p = p}
+      } ;
+
+  pronEnding : GenNum => Case => Str = table {
+    GSg Masc => caselist ""  "en" "em" "es" ;
+    GSg Fem  => caselist "e" "e"  "er" "er" ;
+    GSg Neut => caselist ""  ""   "em" "es" ;
+    GPl      => caselist "e"  "e" "en" "er"
+    } ;
+
+  artDef : GenNum => Case => Str = table {
+    GSg Masc => caselist "der" "den" "dem" "des" ;
+    GSg Fem  => caselist "die" "die" "der" "der" ;
+    GSg Neut => caselist "das" "das" "dem" "des" ;
+    GPl      => caselist "die" "die" "den" "der"
+    } ;
+
+-- This is used when forming determiners that are like adjectives.
+
+  appAdj : Adjective -> Number => Gender => Case => Str = \adj ->
+    let
+      ad : GenNum -> Case -> Str = \gn,c -> 
+        adj.s ! Posit ! AMod gn c
+    in
+    \\n,g,c => case n of {
+       Sg => ad (GSg g) c ;
+       _  => ad GPl c
+     } ;
+
+-- This auxiliary gives the forms in each degree of adjectives. 
+
+  adjForms : (x1,x2 : Str) -> AForm => Str = \teuer,teur ->
+   table {
+    APred => teuer ;
+    AMod (GSg Masc) c => 
+      caselist (teur+"er") (teur+"en") (teur+"em") (teur+"es") ! c ;
+    AMod (GSg Fem) c => 
+      caselist (teur+"e") (teur+"e") (teur+"er") (teur+"er") ! c ;
+    AMod (GSg Neut) c => 
+      caselist (teur+"es") (teur+"es") (teur+"em") (teur+"es") ! c ;
+    AMod GPl c => 
+      caselist (teur+"e") (teur+"e") (teur+"en") (teur+"er") ! c
+    } ;
+
+-- For $Verb$.
+
+  VPC : Type = {
+      s : Bool => Agr => VPForm => { -- True = prefix glued to verb
+        fin : Str ;          -- hat
+        inf : Str            -- wollen
+        } 
+      } ;
+
+  VP : Type = {
+      s  : Verb ;
+      a1 : Polarity => Str ; -- nicht
+      n2 : Agr => Str ;      -- dich
+      a2 : Str ;             -- heute
+      isAux : Bool ;         -- is a double infinitive
+      inf : Str ;            -- sagen
+      ext : Str              -- dass sie kommt
+      } ;
+
+  predV : Verb -> VP = predVGen False ;
+
+  useVP : VP -> VPC = \vp ->
+    let
+      isAux = vp.isAux ;
+      verb = vp.s ;
+      vfin : Bool -> Mood -> Tense -> Agr -> Str = \b,m,t,a -> 
+        verb.s ! vFin b m t a ;
+      vinf = verb.s ! VInf False ;
+      vpart = if_then_Str isAux vinf (verb.s ! VPastPart APred) ;
+
+      vHaben = auxPerfect verb ;
+      hat : Mood -> Tense -> Agr -> Str = \m,t,a -> 
+        vHaben ! vFin False m t a ;
+      haben : Str = vHaben ! VInf False ;
+
+      wird : Mood -> Agr -> Str = \m,a -> case m of {
+        MIndic => werden_V.s ! VFin False (VPresInd a.n a.p) ;  
+        MConjunct => werden_V.s ! VFin False (VPresSubj a.n a.p)
+        } ;  
+      wuerde : Agr -> Str = \a ->                      --# notpresent
+        werden_V.s ! VFin False (VImpfSubj a.n a.p) ;  --# notpresent
+
+      auf = verb.prefix ;
+
+      vf : Bool -> Str -> Str -> {fin,inf : Str} = \b,fin,inf -> {
+        fin = fin ; 
+        inf = if_then_Str b [] auf ++ inf  --- negation of main b
+        } ;
+
+    in {
+    s = \\b,a => table {
+      VPFinite m t Simul => case t of {
+--        Pres | Past => vf (vfin m t a) [] ; -- the general rule
+        Past => vf b (vfin b m t a) [] ;    --# notpresent
+        Fut  => vf True (wird m a) vinf ;   --# notpresent
+        Cond => vf True (wuerde a) vinf ;   --# notpresent
+        Pres => vf b (vfin b m t a) []
+        } ;
+      VPFinite m t Anter => case t of {               --# notpresent
+        Pres | Past => vf True (hat m t a) vpart ;      --# notpresent
+        Fut  => vf True (wird m a) (vpart ++ haben) ;   --# notpresent
+        Cond => vf True (wuerde a) (vpart ++ haben)   --# notpresent
+        } ;                                        --# notpresent
+      VPImperat False => vf False (verb.s ! VImper a.n) [] ;
+      VPImperat True  => vf False (verb.s ! VFin False (VPresSubj Pl P3)) [] ;
+      VPInfinit Anter => vf True [] (vpart ++ haben) ; --# notpresent
+      VPInfinit Simul => vf True [] (verb.s ! VInf b)
+      }
+    } ;
+
+
+  predVGen : Bool -> Verb -> VP = \isAux, verb -> {
+    s = {
+     s = verb.s ;
+     prefix = verb.prefix ;
+     aux = verb.aux ;
+     vtype = verb.vtype
+     } ;
+
+    a1  : Polarity => Str = negation ;
+    n2  : Agr => Str = case verb.vtype of {
+      VAct => \\_ => [] ;
+      VRefl c => \\a => reflPron ! a ! c
+      } ;
+    a2  : Str = [] ;
+    isAux = isAux ; ----
+    inf,ext : Str = []
+    } ;
+
+  auxPerfect : Verb -> VForm => Str = \verb ->
+    case verb.aux of {
+      VHaben => haben_V.s ;
+      VSein => sein_V.s
+      } ;
+
+  haben_V : Verb = 
+    mkV 
+      "haben" "habe" "hast" "hat" "habt" "hab" 
+      "hatte" "hattest" "hatten" "hattet" 
+      "hätte" "gehabt" 
+      [] VHaben ;
+
+  werden_V : Verb = 
+    mkV 
+      "werden" "werde" "wirst" "wird" "werdet" "werd" 
+      "wurde" "wurdest" "wurden" "wurdet" 
+      "würde" "geworden" 
+      [] VSein ;
+
+  werdenPass : Verb = 
+    mkV 
+      "werden" "werde" "wirst" "wird" "werdet" "werd" 
+      "wurde" "wurdest" "wurden" "wurdet" 
+      "würde" "worden" 
+      [] VSein ;
+
+  sein_V : Verb = 
+    let
+      sein = mkV 
+      "sein" "bin" "bist" "ist" "seid" "sei" 
+      "war"  "warst" "waren" "wart" 
+      "wäre" "gewesen" 
+      [] VSein
+    in
+    {s = table {
+      VFin _ (VPresInd Pl (P1 | P3)) => "sind" ;
+      VFin _ (VPresSubj Sg P2) => (variants {"seiest" ; "seist"}) ;
+      VFin _ (VPresSubj Sg _)  => "sei" ;
+      VFin _ (VPresSubj Pl P2) => "seiet" ;
+      VFin _ (VPresSubj Pl _)  => "seien" ;
+      VPresPart a => (regA "seiend").s ! Posit ! a ;
+      v => sein.s ! v 
+      } ;
+     prefix = [] ;
+     aux = VSein ;
+     vtype = VAct
+    } ;
+
+  auxVV : Verb -> Verb ** {isAux : Bool} = \v -> v ** {isAux = True} ;
+
+  negation : Polarity => Str = table {
+      Pos => [] ;
+      Neg => "nicht"
+      } ;
+
+-- Extending a verb phrase with new constituents.
+
+  insertObj : (Agr => Str) -> VP -> VP = \obj,vp -> {
+    s = vp.s ;
+    a1 = vp.a1 ;
+    n2 = \\a => obj ! a ++ vp.n2 ! a ;
+    a2 = vp.a2 ;
+    isAux = vp.isAux ;
+    inf = vp.inf ;
+    ext = vp.ext
+    } ;
+
+  insertAdV : Str -> VP -> VP = \adv,vp -> {
+    s = vp.s ;
+    a1 = \\a => adv ++ vp.a1 ! a ; -- immer nicht
+    n2 = vp.n2 ;
+    a2 = vp.a2 ;
+    isAux = vp.isAux ;
+    inf = vp.inf ;
+    ext = vp.ext
+    } ;
+
+  insertAdv : Str -> VP -> VP = \adv,vp -> {
+    s = vp.s ;
+    a1 = vp.a1 ;
+    n2 = vp.n2 ;
+    a2 = vp.a2 ++ adv ;
+    isAux = vp.isAux ;
+    inf = vp.inf ;
+    ext = vp.ext
+    } ;
+
+  insertExtrapos : Str -> VP -> VP = \ext,vp -> {
+    s = vp.s ;
+    a1 = vp.a1 ;
+    n2 = vp.n2 ;
+    a2 = vp.a2 ;
+    isAux = vp.isAux ;
+    inf = vp.inf ;
+    ext = vp.ext ++ ext
+    } ;
+
+  insertInf : Str -> VP -> VP = \inf,vp -> {
+    s = vp.s ;
+    a1 = vp.a1 ;
+    n2 = vp.n2 ;
+    a2 = vp.a2 ;
+    isAux = vp.isAux ; ----
+    inf = inf ++ vp.inf ;
+    ext = vp.ext
+    } ;
+
+-- For $Sentence$.
+
+  Clause : Type = {
+    s : Mood => Tense => Anteriority => Polarity => Order => Str
+    } ;
+
+  mkClause : Str -> Agr -> VP -> Clause = \subj,agr,vp ->  let vps = useVP vp in {
+      s = \\m,t,a,b,o =>
+        let
+          ord   = case o of {
+            Sub => True ;  -- glue prefix to verb
+            _ => False
+            } ;
+          verb  = vps.s  ! ord ! agr ! VPFinite m t a ;
+          neg   = vp.a1 ! b ;
+          obj   = vp.n2 ! agr ;
+          compl = obj ++ neg ++ vp.a2 ;
+          inf   = vp.inf ++ verb.inf ;
+          extra = vp.ext ;
+          inffin = 
+            case <a,vp.isAux> of {                              --# notpresent
+              <Anter,True> => verb.fin ++ inf ; -- double inf   --# notpresent
+              _ =>                                              --# notpresent
+              inf ++ verb.fin              --- or just auxiliary vp
+            }                                                   --# notpresent
+        in
+        case o of {
+          Main => subj ++ verb.fin ++ compl ++ inf ++ extra ;
+          Inv  => verb.fin ++ subj ++ compl ++ inf ++ extra ;
+          Sub  => subj ++ compl ++ inffin ++ extra
+          }
+    } ;
+
+  infVP : Bool -> VP -> ((Agr => Str) * Str * Str) = \isAux, vp -> let vps = useVP vp in
+    <
+     \\agr => vp.n2 ! agr ++  vp.a2,
+     vp.a1 ! Pos ++ (vps.s ! (notB isAux) ! agrP3 Sg ! VPInfinit Simul).inf,
+     vp.inf ++ vp.ext
+    > ;
+
+  useInfVP : Bool -> VP -> Str = \isAux,vp ->
+    let vpi = infVP isAux vp in
+    vpi.p1 ! agrP3 Sg ++ vpi.p3 ++ vpi.p2 ;
+
+-- The nominative case is not used as reflexive, but defined here
+-- so that we can reuse this in personal pronouns. 
+-- The missing Sg "ihrer" shows that a dependence on gender would
+-- be needed.
+
+  reflPron : Agr => Case => Str = table {
+    {n = Sg ; p = P1} => caselist "ich" "mich" "mir"  "meiner" ;
+    {n = Sg ; p = P2} => caselist "du"  "dich" "dir"  "deiner" ;
+    {g = Masc ; n = Sg ; p = P3} => caselist "er" "sich" "sich" "seiner" ;
+    {g = Fem  ; n = Sg ; p = P3} => caselist "sie" "sich" "sich" "ihrer" ;
+    {g = Neutr ; n = Sg ; p = P3} => caselist "es" "sich" "sich" "seiner" ;
+    {n = Pl ; p = P1} => caselist "wir" "uns"  "uns"  "unser" ;
+    {n = Pl ; p = P2} => caselist "ihr" "euch" "euch" "euer" ;
+    {n = Pl ; p = P3} => caselist "sie" "sich" "sich" "ihrer"
+    } ;
+
+  conjThat : Str = "daß" ;
+
+  conjThan : Str = "als" ;
+
+-- The infinitive particle "zu" is used if and only if $vv.isAux = False$.
+ 
+  infPart : Bool -> Str = \b -> if_then_Str b [] "zu" ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/SentenceGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+concrete SentenceGer of Sentence = CatGer ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+
+    PredVP np vp = mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a vp ;
+
+    PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
+
+    ImpVP vp =  let vps = useVP vp in {
+      s = \\pol,n => 
+        let 
+          ps = case n of {
+            ImpF _ True => <P3,"Sie",True> ; -- setzen Sie sich
+            _ => <P2,[],False>
+            } ;
+          agr  = {g = Fem ; n = numImp n ; p = ps.p1} ; --- g does not matter
+          verb = vps.s ! False ! agr ! VPImperat ps.p3 ;
+          inf  = vp.inf ++ verb.inf ;
+        in
+        verb.fin ++ ps.p2 ++ 
+        vp.n2 ! agr ++ vp.a1 ! pol ++ vp.a2 ++ inf ++ vp.ext
+    } ;
+
+    SlashVP np vp = 
+      mkClause 
+        (np.s ! Nom) np.a 
+        vp **
+      {c2 = vp.c2} ;
+
+    AdvSlash slash adv = {
+      s  = \\m,t,a,b,o => slash.s ! m ! t ! a ! b ! o ++ adv.s ;
+      c2 = slash.c2
+    } ;
+
+    SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep} ;
+
+    SlashVS np vs slash = 
+        mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a 
+          (insertExtrapos (conjThat ++ slash.s ! Sub) (predV vs)) **
+        {c2 = slash.c2} ;
+
+    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub} ;
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = useInfVP False vp} ;
+
+    UseCl t p cl = {
+      s = \\o => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.m ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! o
+      } ;
+    UseQCl t p cl = {
+      s = \\q => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.m ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! q
+      } ;
+    UseRCl t p cl = {
+      s = \\r => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.m ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! r ;
+      c = cl.c
+      } ;
+    UseSlash t p cl = {
+      s = \\o => t.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.m ! t.t ! t.a ! p.p ! o ;
+      c2 = cl.c2
+      } ;
+
+    AdvS a s = {s = \\o => a.s ++ s.s ! Inv} ;
+
+    RelS s r = {s = \\o => s.s ! o ++ "," ++ r.s ! gennum Neutr Sg} ; --- "welches"
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/StructuralGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+concrete StructuralGer of Structural = CatGer ** 
+
+  open MorphoGer, Prelude in {
+
+  flags optimize=all ;
+
+  lin
+
+  above_Prep = mkPrep "über" Dat ;
+  after_Prep = mkPrep "nach" Dat ;
+  all_Predet = {s = appAdj (regA "all")} ;
+  almost_AdA, almost_AdN = ss "fast" ;
+  although_Subj = ss "obwohl" ;
+  always_AdV = ss "immer" ;
+  and_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "und" ; n = Pl} ;
+  because_Subj = ss "weil" ;
+  before_Prep = mkPrep "vor" Dat ;
+  behind_Prep = mkPrep "hinter" Dat ;
+  between_Prep = mkPrep "zwischen" Dat ;
+  both7and_DConj = sd2 "sowohl" ["als auch"] ** {n = Pl} ;
+  but_PConj = ss "aber" ;
+  by8agent_Prep = mkPrep "durch" Acc ;
+  by8means_Prep = mkPrep "mit" Dat ;
+  can8know_VV, can_VV = auxVV 
+      (mkV 
+        "können" "kann" "kannst" "kann" "könnt" "könn" 
+        "konnte" "konntest" "konnten" "konntet"
+        "könnte" "gekonnt" [] 
+        VHaben) ;
+  during_Prep = mkPrep "während" Gen ;
+  either7or_DConj = sd2 "entweder" "oder" ** {n = Sg} ;
+  everybody_NP = nameNounPhrase {s = caselist "jeder" "jeden" "jedem" "jedes"} ;
+  every_Det = detLikeAdj Sg "jed" ;
+  everything_NP = nameNounPhrase {s = caselist "alles" "alles" "allem" "alles"} ;
+  everywhere_Adv = ss "überall" ;
+  few_Det = detLikeAdj Pl "wenig" ;
+----  first_Ord = {s = (regA "erst").s ! Posit} ;
+  for_Prep = mkPrep "für" Acc ;
+  from_Prep = mkPrep "aus" Dat ;
+  he_Pron = mkPronPers "er" "ihn" "ihm" "seiner" "sein"  Masc Sg P3 ;
+  here7to_Adv = ss ["hierher"] ;
+  here7from_Adv = ss ["hieraus"] ;
+  here_Adv = ss "hier" ;
+  how_IAdv = ss "wie" ;
+  how8many_IDet = detLikeAdj Pl "wieviel" ;
+  if_Subj = ss "wenn" ;
+  in8front_Prep = mkPrep "vor" Dat ;
+  i_Pron = mkPronPers "ich" "mich" "mir" "meiner" "mein" Masc Sg P1 ;
+  in_Prep = mkPrep "in" Dat ;
+  it_Pron = mkPronPers "es" "es" "ihm" "seiner" "sein"  Neutr Sg P3 ;
+  less_CAdv = ss "weniger" ;
+  many_Det = detLikeAdj Pl "viel" ;
+  more_CAdv = ss "mehr" ;
+  most_Predet = {s = appAdj (regA "meist")} ;
+  much_Det = detLikeAdj Sg "viel" ;
+  must_VV = auxVV 
+      (mkV 
+        "müssen" "muß" "mußt" "muß" "müßt" "müß" 
+        "mußte" "mußtest" "mußten" "mußtet"
+        "müßte" "gemußt" [] 
+        VHaben) ;
+---  one_Quant = DEPREC
+  only_Predet = {s = \\_,_,_ => "nur"} ;
+  no_Utt = ss "nein" ;
+---b  no_Phr = ss "nein" ;
+  on_Prep = mkPrep "auf" Dat ;
+  or_Conj = {s1 = [] ; s2 = "oder" ; n = Sg} ;
+  otherwise_PConj = ss "sonst" ;
+  part_Prep = mkPrep "von" Dat ;
+  please_Voc = ss "bitte" ;
+  possess_Prep = mkPrep "von" Dat ;
+  quite_Adv = ss "ziemlich" ;
+  she_Pron = mkPronPers "sie" "sie" "ihr" "ihrer" "ihr" Fem Sg P3 ;
+  so_AdA = ss "so" ;
+  somebody_NP = nameNounPhrase {s = caselist "jemand" "jemanden" "jemandem" "jemands"} ;
+  somePl_Det = detLikeAdj Pl "einig" ;
+  someSg_Det = {
+      s,sp = \\g,c => "ein" + pronEnding ! GSg g ! c ;  ---- einer,eines
+      n = Sg ;
+      a = Strong
+      } ;
+  something_NP = nameNounPhrase {s = \\_ => "etwas"} ;
+  somewhere_Adv = ss "irgendwo" ;
+  that_Quant = let 
+     jener : Number => Gender => Case => Str = \\n => (detLikeAdj n "jen").s in 
+     {s = \\_ => jener ; sp = jener ; a = Weak} ;
+---b  that_NP = nameNounPhrase {s = caselist "das" "das" "denem" "dessen"} ; ----
+  there_Adv = ss "da" ;
+  there7to_Adv = ss "dahin" ;
+  there7from_Adv = ss ["daher"] ;
+  therefore_PConj = ss "deshalb" ;
+---b  these_NP = {s = caselist "diese" "diese" "diesen" "dieser" ; a = agrP3 Pl} ;
+  they_Pron = mkPronPers "sie" "sie" "ihnen" "ihrer" "ihr" Fem Pl P3 ;
+  this_Quant = let 
+     dieser : Number => Gender => Case => Str = \\n => (detLikeAdj n "dies").s in 
+     {s = \\_ => dieser ; sp = dieser ; a = Weak} ;
+---b  this_NP = nameNounPhrase {s = caselist "dies" "dies" "diesem" "dieses"} ; ----
+---b  those_NP = {s = caselist "jene" "jene" "jenen" "jener" ; a = agrP3 Pl} ;
+  through_Prep = mkPrep "durch" Acc ;
+  too_AdA = ss "zu" ;
+  to_Prep = mkPrep "nach" Dat ;
+  under_Prep = mkPrep "unter" Dat ;
+  very_AdA = ss "sehr" ;
+  want_VV = auxVV 
+      (mkV 
+        "wollen" "will" "willst" "will" "wollt" "woll" 
+        "wollte" "wolltest" "wollten" "wolltet"
+        "wollte" "gewollt" [] 
+        VHaben) ;
+  we_Pron = mkPronPers "wir" "uns"  "uns"   "unser"  "unser" Fem Pl P1 ;
+
+  whatSg_IP = {s = caselist "was" "was" "was" "wessen" ; n = Sg} ; ----
+  whatPl_IP = {s = caselist "was" "was" "was" "wessen" ; n = Pl} ; ----
+
+  when_IAdv = ss "wann" ;
+  when_Subj = ss "wenn" ;
+  where_IAdv = ss "wo" ;
+  which_IQuant = {s = \\n => (detLikeAdj n "welch").s} ;
+
+---b  whichPl_IDet = detLikeAdj Pl "welch" ;
+---b  whichSg_IDet = detLikeAdj Sg "welch" ;
+  whoSg_IP = {s = caselist "wer" "wen" "wem" "wessen" ; n = Sg} ;
+  whoPl_IP = {s = caselist "wer" "wen" "wem" "wessen" ; n = Pl} ;
+  why_IAdv = ss "warum" ;
+  without_Prep = mkPrep "ohne" Acc ;
+  with_Prep = mkPrep "mit" Dat ;
+  youSg_Pron = mkPronPers "du" "dich" "dir" "deiner" "dein" Fem Sg P2 ;
+  youPl_Pron = mkPronPers "ihr" "euch" "euch" "eurer" "euer" Fem Pl P2 ; ---- poss
+  youPol_Pron = mkPronPers "Sie" "Sie" "Ihnen" "Ihrer" "Ihr" Fem Pl P3 ;
+  yes_Utt = ss "ja" ;
+---b  yes_Phr = ss "ja" ;
+
+}

next-lib/src/german/VerbGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+concrete VerbGer of Verb = CatGer ** open Prelude, ResGer in {
+
+  flags optimize=all_subs ;
+
+  lin
+    UseV = predV ;
+
+    ComplVV v vp = 
+      let 
+        vpi = infVP v.isAux vp 
+      in
+      insertExtrapos vpi.p3 (
+        insertInf vpi.p2 (
+          insertObj vpi.p1 (
+            predVGen v.isAux v))) ;
+
+    ComplVS v s = 
+      insertExtrapos (conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV v) ;
+    ComplVQ v q = 
+      insertExtrapos (q.s ! QIndir) (predV v) ;
+    ComplVA  v ap = insertObj (\\ _ => ap.s ! APred) (predV v) ;
+
+    SlashV2a v = predV v ** {c2 = v.c2} ; 
+      
+    Slash2V3 v np =
+      insertObj (\\_ => appPrep v.c2 np.s) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c3} ;
+    Slash3V3 v np =
+      insertObj (\\_ => appPrep v.c3 np.s) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+
+    SlashV2S v s = 
+      insertExtrapos (conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+    SlashV2Q v q = 
+      insertExtrapos (q.s ! QIndir) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+    SlashV2V v vp = 
+      let 
+        vpi = infVP False vp 
+      in
+      insertExtrapos vpi.p3 (
+        insertInf vpi.p2 (
+          insertObj vpi.p1 ((predV v)))) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+
+    SlashV2A v ap = 
+      insertObj (\\_ => ap.s ! APred) (predV v) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+
+    ComplSlash vp np = insertObj (\\_ => appPrep vp.c2 np.s) vp ;
+
+    SlashVV v vp = 
+      let 
+        vpi = infVP v.isAux vp 
+      in
+      insertExtrapos vpi.p3 (
+        insertInf vpi.p2 (
+          insertObj vpi.p1 (
+            predVGen v.isAux v))) ** {c2 = vp.c2} ;
+
+    SlashV2VNP v np vp = 
+      let 
+        vpi = infVP False vp 
+      in
+      insertExtrapos vpi.p3 (
+        insertInf vpi.p2 (
+          insertObj vpi.p1 (
+            insertObj (\\_ => appPrep v.c2 np.s) (
+              predV v)))) ** {c2 = v.c2} ;
+
+    UseComp comp = insertAdv (comp.s ! agrP3 Sg) (predV sein_V) ; -- agr not used
+    -- we want to say "ich liebe sie nicht" but not "ich bin alt nicht"
+
+    CompAP ap = {s = \\_ => ap.s ! APred} ;
+    CompNP np = {s = \\_ => np.s ! Nom} ;
+    CompAdv a = {s = \\_ => a.s} ;
+
+    AdvVP vp adv = insertAdv adv.s vp ;
+    AdVVP adv vp = insertAdV adv.s vp ;
+
+    ReflVP vp = insertObj (\\a => appPrep vp.c2 (reflPron ! a)) vp ;
+
+    PassV2 v = insertInf (v.s ! VPastPart APred) (predV werdenPass) ;
+
+---b    UseVS, UseVQ = \v -> v ** {c2 = noPreposition Acc} ;
+
+}