documenting and reorganizing Verb

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Noun.gf

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 abstract Noun = Cat ** {
 
-  fun
-
 --2 Noun phrases
 
 -- The three main types of noun phrases are
@@ -12,6 +10,7 @@ abstract Noun = Cat ** {
 -- - pronouns
 --
 --
+  fun
     DetCN   : Det -> CN -> NP ;   -- the man
     UsePN   : PN -> NP ;          -- John
     UsePron : Pron -> NP ;        -- he

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf

@@ -12,4 +12,8 @@ abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
     AdvSlash  : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ;
     SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ;
 
+    EmbedS  : S  -> SC ;
+    EmbedQS : QS -> SC ;
+    EmbedVP : VP -> SC ;
+
 }

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Verb.gf

@@ -1,36 +1,70 @@
+--1 The construction of verb phrases
+
 abstract Verb = Cat ** {
 
+--2 Complementization rules
+
+-- Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
+-- complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
+
   fun
-    UseV    : V -> VP ;
-    ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP ;
-    ComplV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP ;
+    UseV     : V   -> VP ;              -- sleep
+    ComplV2  : V2  -> NP -> VP ;        -- use it
+    ComplV3  : V3  -> NP -> NP -> VP ;  -- send a message to her
 
-    ComplVV : VV -> VP -> VP ;
-    ComplVS : VS -> S  -> VP ;
-    ComplVQ : VQ -> QS -> VP ;
+    ComplVV  : VV  -> VP -> VP ;        -- want to run
+    ComplVS  : VS  -> S  -> VP ;        -- know that she runs
+    ComplVQ  : VQ  -> QS -> VP ;        -- ask if she runs
 
-    ComplVA : VA -> AP -> VP ;
-    ComplV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ;
+    ComplVA  : VA  -> AP -> VP ;        -- look red
+    ComplV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ;  -- paint the house red
 
-    ReflV2  : V2 -> VP ;
-    PassV2  : V2 -> Comp ; --- overgen (V2 with prep)
+--2 Other ways of forming verb phrases
 
-    UseComp : Comp -> VP ;
+-- Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
+-- copula-preceded complements.
 
-    AdvVP   : VP -> Adv -> VP ; -- here
-    AdVVP   : AdV -> VP -> VP ; -- always
+    ReflV2   : V2 -> VP ;               -- use itself
+    UseComp  : Comp -> VP ;             -- be warm
 
-    CompAP  : AP  -> Comp ;
-    CompNP  : NP  -> Comp ;
-    CompAdv : Adv -> Comp ;
+-- Passivization of two-place verbs is another way to use
+-- them. In many languages, the result is a participle that
+-- is used as complement to a copula ("is used"), but other
+-- auxiliary verbs are possible (Ger. "wird angewendet", It.
+-- "viene usato"), as well as special verb forms (Fin. "käytetään",
+-- Swe. "används").
+--
+-- *Note*. the rule can be overgenerating, since the $V2$ need not
+-- take a direct object.
 
-    UseVV   : VV -> V2 ;
-    UseVQ   : VQ -> V2 ;
-    UseVS   : VS -> V2 ;
+    PassV2   : V2 -> VP ;               -- be used
 
-    EmbedS  : S  -> SC ;
-    EmbedQS : QS -> SC ;
-    EmbedVP : VP -> SC ;
+-- Adverbs can be added to verb phrases. Many languages make
+-- a distinction between adverbs that are attached in the end
+-- vs. next to (or before) the verb.
 
+    AdvVP    : VP -> Adv -> VP ;        -- sleep here
+    AdVVP    : AdV -> VP -> VP ;        -- always sleep
+
+-- *Agents of passives* are constructed as adverbs with the
+-- preposition [Structural Structural.html]$.8agent_Prep$.
+
+
+--2 Complements to copula
+
+-- Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
+
+    CompAP   : AP  -> Comp ;            -- (be) small
+    CompNP   : NP  -> Comp ;            -- (be) a soldier
+    CompAdv  : Adv -> Comp ;            -- (be) here
+
+--2 Coercions
+
+-- Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways,
+-- but this is very much language-dependent. The following two
+-- work in all the languages we cover.
+
+    UseVQ   : VQ -> V2 ;                -- ask (a question)
+    UseVS   : VS -> V2 ;                -- know (a secret)
 
 }

lib/resource-1.0/english/SentenceEng.gf

@@ -34,4 +34,8 @@ concrete SentenceEng of Sentence = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
 
     SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep.s} ;
 
+    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s} ;
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
+
 }

lib/resource-1.0/english/VerbEng.gf

@@ -23,16 +23,13 @@ concrete VerbEng of Verb = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
 
     ReflV2 v = insertObj (\\a => v.c2 ++ reflPron ! a) (predV v) ;
 
-    PassV2 v = {s = \\_ => v.s ! VPPart} ;
+    PassV2 v = insertObj (\\_ => v.s ! VPPart) (predAux auxBe) ;
 
-    UseVV, UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = []} ; -- no "to"
+    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = []} ; -- no "to"
 
     CompAP ap = ap ;
     CompNP np = {s = \\_ => np.s ! Acc} ;
     CompAdv a = {s = \\_ => a.s} ;
 
-    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s} ;
-    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
-    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
 
 }

lib/resource-1.0/german/SentenceGer.gf

@@ -32,4 +32,8 @@ concrete SentenceGer of Sentence = CatGer ** open ResGer in {
 
     SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep} ;
 
+    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub} ;
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = (vp.s ! agrP3 Sg ! VPInfinit Simul).inf} ; --- agr
+
 }

lib/resource-1.0/german/VerbGer.gf

@@ -34,10 +34,6 @@ concrete VerbGer of Verb = CatGer ** open ResGer in {
 --
 --    PassV2 v = {s = \\_ => v.s ! VPPart} ;
 
-    UseVV, UseVS, UseVQ = \v -> v ** {c2 = noPreposition Acc} ;
+    UseVS, UseVQ = \v -> v ** {c2 = noPreposition Acc} ;
 
---    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s} ;
---    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
---    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
---
 }

lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/SentenceScand.gf

@@ -36,4 +36,8 @@ incomplete concrete SentenceScand of Sentence =
 
     SlashPrep cl prep = cl ** {c2 = prep.s} ;
 
+    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub} ;
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
+    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 utrum Sg)} ; --- agr
+
 }

lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/VerbScand.gf

@@ -35,10 +35,6 @@ incomplete concrete VerbScand of Verb = CatScand ** open DiffScand, ResScand in
     PassV2 v = {s = \\_ => v.s ! VPPart} ;
 -}
 
-    UseVV, UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = []} ;
-
-    EmbedS  s  = {s = conjThat ++ s.s ! Sub} ;
-    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
-    EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 utrum Sg)} ; --- agr
+    UseVS, UseVQ = \vv -> {s = vv.s ; c2 = []} ;
 
 }