English irregular verbs

lib/resource/english/MkVerbs.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+module Main where
+
+import List
+
+-- create a GF file from a word form list:
+-- one entry per line, newline or tab separated;
+-- variants separated by /
+-- comments are lines starting with --
+-- example line: bid 	bid/bade 	bid/bidden
+-- example resource: http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/verbs.htm
+
+-- parameters, depending on language
+
+infile   = "verbs.txt"
+outfile  = "VerbsEng.gf"
+preamble = 
+  "resource VerbsEng = open ResourceEng, MorphoEng in {\n" ++
+  "  oper vIrreg : Str -> Str -> Str -> V = \\x,y,z ->\n" ++
+  "    mkVerbIrreg x y z ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;\n\n" 
+oper     = "vIrreg"
+cat      = "V"
+name s   = s ++ "_V"
+
+ending   = "}\n"
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  ss <- readFile infile >>= return . filter (not . null) . lines
+  writeFile outfile preamble
+  mapM_ (appendFile outfile . mkOne . words) (filter notComment ss)
+  appendFile outfile ending
+
+notComment = (/="--") . take 2
+
+mkOne :: [String] -> String
+mkOne ws@(v:_) = 
+  "  oper " ++ name v ++ " : " ++ cat ++ " = " ++ 
+       oper ++ " " ++ unwords (map arg ws) ++ " ;\n" 
+    where
+      arg w = case variants w of
+        [s] -> quote s
+        vs  -> "(variants {" ++ 
+                  unwords (intersperse ";" (map quote vs)) ++ "})"
+      quote s = "\"" ++ s ++ "\""
+      variants = chopBy '/'
+
+chopBy c s = case span (/= c) s of
+  (w1,_:w2) -> w1 : chopBy c w2
+  (w1,_)    -> [w1]

lib/resource/english/MorphoEng.gf

@@ -11,6 +11,23 @@
 
 resource MorphoEng = TypesEng ** open Prelude, (Predef=Predef) in {
 
+--2 Phonology
+--
+-- To regulate the use of endings for both nouns, adjectives, and verbs:
+
+oper
+  y2ie : Str -> Str -> Str = \fly,s -> 
+    let y = last fly in
+    case y of {
+    "a" => fly + "s" ;
+    "e" => fly + "s" ;
+    "o" => fly + "s" ;
+    "u" => fly + "s" ;
+    _   => init fly ++ "ies"
+    } ;
+
+
+
 --2 Nouns
 --
 -- For conciseness and abstraction, we define a worst-case macro for
@@ -165,6 +182,32 @@ oper
        }
     } ;
 
+-- This is what we use to derive the irregular forms in almost all cases
+
+  mkVerbIrreg : (_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbP3 = \bite,bit,bitten -> 
+    let bites = case last bite of {
+      "y" => y2ie bite "s" ;
+      "s" => init bite + "es" ;
+      _   => bite + "s"
+      } 
+    in mkVerbP3 bite bites bit bitten ;
+
+-- This is used to derive regular forms.
+
+  mkVerbReg : Str -> VerbP3 = \soak -> 
+    let 
+      soaks = case last soak of {
+        "y" => y2ie soak "s" ;
+        "s" => init soak + "es" ;
+        _   => soak + "s"
+        } ;
+      soaked = case last soak of {
+        "e" => init soak + "s" ;
+        _   => soak + "ed"
+        }
+    in 
+    mkVerbP3 soak soaks soaked soaked ;
+
   mkVerb : (_,_,_ : Str) -> VerbP3 = \ring,rang,rung ->
     mkVerbP3 ring (ring + "s") rang rung ;
 
@@ -181,10 +224,10 @@ oper
     mkVerbP3 (cr + "y") (cr + "ies") (cr + "ied") (cr + "ied") ;
 
   verbGen : Str -> VerbP3 = \kill -> case last kill of {
-    "y" => verbP3y (init "kill") ;
-    "e" => verbP3y (init "kill") ;
-    "s" => verbP3s (init "kill") ;
-    _   => regVerbP3 "kill"
+    "y" => verbP3y (init kill) ;
+    "e" => verbP3y (init kill) ;
+    "s" => verbP3s (init kill) ;
+    _   => regVerbP3 kill
     } ;
 
   verbP3Have = mkVerbP3 "have" "has" "had" "had" ;

lib/resource/english/VerbsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+resource VerbsEng = open ResourceEng, MorphoEng in {
+  oper vIrreg : Str -> Str -> Str -> V = \x,y,z ->
+    mkVerbIrreg x y z ** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = <>} ;
+
+  oper awake_V : V = vIrreg "awake" "awoke" "awoken" ;
+  oper bear_V : V = vIrreg "bear" "bore" "born" ;
+  oper beat_V : V = vIrreg "beat" "beat" "beat" ;
+  oper become_V : V = vIrreg "become" "became" "become" ;
+  oper begin_V : V = vIrreg "begin" "began" "begun" ;
+  oper bend_V : V = vIrreg "bend" "bent" "bent" ;
+  oper beset_V : V = vIrreg "beset" "beset" "beset" ;
+  oper bet_V : V = vIrreg "bet" "bet" "bet" ;
+  oper bid_V : V = vIrreg "bid" (variants {"bid" ; "bade"}) (variants {"bid" ; "bidden"}) ;
+  oper bind_V : V = vIrreg "bind" "bound" "bound" ;
+  oper bite_V : V = vIrreg "bite" "bit" "bitten" ;
+  oper bleed_V : V = vIrreg "bleed" "bled" "bled" ;
+  oper blow_V : V = vIrreg "blow" "blew" "blown" ;
+  oper break_V : V = vIrreg "break" "broke" "broken" ;
+  oper breed_V : V = vIrreg "breed" "bred" "bred" ;
+  oper bring_V : V = vIrreg "bring" "brought" "brought" ;
+  oper broadcast_V : V = vIrreg "broadcast" "broadcast" "broadcast" ;
+  oper build_V : V = vIrreg "build" "built" "built" ;
+  oper burn_V : V = vIrreg "burn" (variants {"burned" ; "burnt"}) (variants {"burned" ; "burnt"}) ;
+  oper burst_V : V = vIrreg "burst" "burst" "burst" ;
+  oper buy_V : V = vIrreg "buy" "bought" "bought" ;
+  oper cast_V : V = vIrreg "cast" "cast" "cast" ;
+  oper catch_V : V = vIrreg "catch" "caught" "caught" ;
+  oper choose_V : V = vIrreg "choose" "chose" "chosen" ;
+  oper cling_V : V = vIrreg "cling" "clung" "clung" ;
+  oper come_V : V = vIrreg "come" "came" "come" ;
+  oper cost_V : V = vIrreg "cost" "cost" "cost" ;
+  oper creep_V : V = vIrreg "creep" "crept" "crept" ;
+  oper cut_V : V = vIrreg "cut" "cut" "cut" ;
+  oper deal_V : V = vIrreg "deal" "dealt" "dealt" ;
+  oper dig_V : V = vIrreg "dig" "dug" "dug" ;
+  oper dive_V : V = vIrreg "dive" (variants {"dived" ; "dove"}) "dived" ;
+  oper do_V : V = vIrreg "do" "did" "done" ;
+  oper draw_V : V = vIrreg "draw" "drew" "drawn" ;
+  oper dream_V : V = vIrreg "dream" (variants {"dreamed" ; "dreamt"}) (variants {"dreamed" ; "dreamt"}) ;
+  oper drive_V : V = vIrreg "drive" "drove" "driven" ;
+  oper drink_V : V = vIrreg "drink" "drank" "drunk" ;
+  oper eat_V : V = vIrreg "eat" "ate" "eaten" ;
+  oper fall_V : V = vIrreg "fall" "fell" "fallen" ;
+  oper feed_V : V = vIrreg "feed" "fed" "fed" ;
+  oper feel_V : V = vIrreg "feel" "felt" "felt" ;
+  oper fight_V : V = vIrreg "fight" "fought" "fought" ;
+  oper find_V : V = vIrreg "find" "found" "found" ;
+  oper fit_V : V = vIrreg "fit" "fit" "fit" ;
+  oper flee_V : V = vIrreg "flee" "fled" "fled" ;
+  oper fling_V : V = vIrreg "fling" "flung" "flung" ;
+  oper fly_V : V = vIrreg "fly" "flew" "flown" ;
+  oper forbid_V : V = vIrreg "forbid" "forbade" "forbidden" ;
+  oper forget_V : V = vIrreg "forget" "forgot" "forgotten" ;
+  oper forgive_V : V = vIrreg "forgive" "forgave" "forgiven" ;
+  oper forsake_V : V = vIrreg "forsake" "forsook" "forsaken" ;
+  oper freeze_V : V = vIrreg "freeze" "froze" "frozen" ;
+  oper get_V : V = vIrreg "get" "got" "gotten" ;
+  oper give_V : V = vIrreg "give" "gave" "given" ;
+  oper go_V : V = vIrreg "go" "went" "gone" ;
+  oper grind_V : V = vIrreg "grind" "ground" "ground" ;
+  oper grow_V : V = vIrreg "grow" "grew" "grown" ;
+  oper hang_V : V = vIrreg "hang" "hung" "hung" ;
+  oper hear_V : V = vIrreg "hear" "heard" "heard" ;
+  oper hide_V : V = vIrreg "hide" "hid" "hidden" ;
+  oper hit_V : V = vIrreg "hit" "hit" "hit" ;
+  oper hold_V : V = vIrreg "hold" "held" "held" ;
+  oper hurt_V : V = vIrreg "hurt" "hurt" "hurt" ;
+  oper keep_V : V = vIrreg "keep" "kept" "kept" ;
+  oper kneel_V : V = vIrreg "kneel" "knelt" "knelt" ;
+  oper knit_V : V = vIrreg "knit" "knit" "knit" ;
+  oper know_V : V = vIrreg "know" "knew" "know" ;
+  oper lay_V : V = vIrreg "lay" "laid" "laid" ;
+  oper lead_V : V = vIrreg "lead" "led" "led" ;
+  oper leap_V : V = vIrreg "leap" (variants {"leaped" ; "lept"}) (variants {"leaped" ; "lept"}) ;
+  oper learn_V : V = vIrreg "learn" (variants {"learned" ; "learnt"}) (variants {"learned" ; "learnt"}) ;
+  oper leave_V : V = vIrreg "leave" "left" "left" ;
+  oper lend_V : V = vIrreg "lend" "lent" "lent" ;
+  oper let_V : V = vIrreg "let" "let" "let" ;
+  oper lie_V : V = vIrreg "lie" "lay" "lain" ;
+  oper light_V : V = vIrreg "light" (variants {"lighted" ; "lit"}) "lighted" ;
+  oper lose_V : V = vIrreg "lose" "lost" "lost" ;
+  oper make_V : V = vIrreg "make" "made" "made" ;
+  oper mean_V : V = vIrreg "mean" "meant" "meant" ;
+  oper meet_V : V = vIrreg "meet" "met" "met" ;
+  oper misspell_V : V = vIrreg "misspell" (variants {"misspelled" ; "misspelt"}) (variants {"misspelled" ; "misspelt"}) ;
+  oper mistake_V : V = vIrreg "mistake" "mistook" "mistaken" ;
+  oper mow_V : V = vIrreg "mow" "mowed" (variants {"mowed" ; "mown"}) ;
+  oper overcome_V : V = vIrreg "overcome" "overcame" "overcome" ;
+  oper overdo_V : V = vIrreg "overdo" "overdid" "overdone" ;
+  oper overtake_V : V = vIrreg "overtake" "overtook" "overtaken" ;
+  oper overthrow_V : V = vIrreg "overthrow" "overthrew" "overthrown" ;
+  oper pay_V : V = vIrreg "pay" "paid" "paid" ;
+  oper plead_V : V = vIrreg "plead" "pled" "pled" ;
+  oper prove_V : V = vIrreg "prove" "proved" (variants {"proved" ; "proven"}) ;
+  oper put_V : V = vIrreg "put" "put" "put" ;
+  oper quit_V : V = vIrreg "quit" "quit" "quit" ;
+  oper read_V : V = vIrreg "read" "read" "read" ;
+  oper rid_V : V = vIrreg "rid" "rid" "rid" ;
+  oper ride_V : V = vIrreg "ride" "rode" "ridden" ;
+  oper ring_V : V = vIrreg "ring" "rang" "rung" ;
+  oper rise_V : V = vIrreg "rise" "rose" "risen" ;
+  oper run_V : V = vIrreg "run" "ran" "run" ;
+  oper saw_V : V = vIrreg "saw" "sawed" (variants {"sawed" ; "sawn"}) ;
+  oper say_V : V = vIrreg "say" "said" "said" ;
+  oper see_V : V = vIrreg "see" "saw" "seen" ;
+  oper seek_V : V = vIrreg "seek" "sought" "sought" ;
+  oper sell_V : V = vIrreg "sell" "sold" "sold" ;
+  oper send_V : V = vIrreg "send" "sent" "sent" ;
+  oper set_V : V = vIrreg "set" "set" "set" ;
+  oper sew_V : V = vIrreg "sew" "sewed" (variants {"sewed" ; "sewn"}) ;
+  oper shake_V : V = vIrreg "shake" "shook" "shaken" ;
+  oper shave_V : V = vIrreg "shave" "shaved" (variants {"shaved" ; "shaven"}) ;
+  oper shear_V : V = vIrreg "shear" "shore" "shorn" ;
+  oper shed_V : V = vIrreg "shed" "shed" "shed" ;
+  oper shine_V : V = vIrreg "shine" "shone" "shone" ;
+  oper shoe_V : V = vIrreg "shoe" "shoed" (variants {"shoed" ; "shod"}) ;
+  oper shoot_V : V = vIrreg "shoot" "shot" "shot" ;
+  oper show_V : V = vIrreg "show" "showed" (variants {"showed" ; "shown"}) ;
+  oper shrink_V : V = vIrreg "shrink" "shrank" "shrunk" ;
+  oper shut_V : V = vIrreg "shut" "shut" "shut" ;
+  oper sing_V : V = vIrreg "sing" "sang" "sung" ;
+  oper sink_V : V = vIrreg "sink" "sank" "sunk" ;
+  oper sit_V : V = vIrreg "sit" "sat" "sat" ;
+  oper sleep_V : V = vIrreg "sleep" "slept" "slept" ;
+  oper slay_V : V = vIrreg "slay" "slew" "slain" ;
+  oper slide_V : V = vIrreg "slide" "slid" "slid" ;
+  oper sling_V : V = vIrreg "sling" "slung" "slung" ;
+  oper slit_V : V = vIrreg "slit" "slit" "slit" ;
+  oper smite_V : V = vIrreg "smite" "smote" "smitten" ;
+  oper sow_V : V = vIrreg "sow" "sowed" (variants {"sowed" ; "sown"}) ;
+  oper speak_V : V = vIrreg "speak" "spoke" "spoken" ;
+  oper speed_V : V = vIrreg "speed" "sped" "sped" ;
+  oper spend_V : V = vIrreg "spend" "spent" "spent" ;
+  oper spill_V : V = vIrreg "spill" (variants {"spilled" ; "spilt"}) (variants {"spilled" ; "spilt"}) ;
+  oper spin_V : V = vIrreg "spin" "spun" "spun" ;
+  oper spit_V : V = vIrreg "spit" (variants {"spit" ; "spat"}) "spit" ;
+  oper split_V : V = vIrreg "split" "split" "split" ;
+  oper spread_V : V = vIrreg "spread" "spread" "spread" ;
+  oper spring_V : V = vIrreg "spring" (variants {"sprang" ; "sprung"}) "sprung" ;
+  oper stand_V : V = vIrreg "stand" "stood" "stood" ;
+  oper steal_V : V = vIrreg "steal" "stole" "stolen" ;
+  oper stick_V : V = vIrreg "stick" "stuck" "stuck" ;
+  oper sting_V : V = vIrreg "sting" "stung" "stung" ;
+  oper stink_V : V = vIrreg "stink" "stank" "stunk" ;
+  oper stride_V : V = vIrreg "stride" "strod" "stridden" ;
+  oper strike_V : V = vIrreg "strike" "struck" "struck" ;
+  oper string_V : V = vIrreg "string" "strung" "strung" ;
+  oper strive_V : V = vIrreg "strive" "strove" "striven" ;
+  oper swear_V : V = vIrreg "swear" "swore" "sworn" ;
+  oper sweep_V : V = vIrreg "sweep" "swept" "swept" ;
+  oper swell_V : V = vIrreg "swell" "swelled" (variants {"swelled" ; "swollen"}) ;
+  oper swim_V : V = vIrreg "swim" "swam" "swum" ;
+  oper swing_V : V = vIrreg "swing" "swung" "swung" ;
+  oper take_V : V = vIrreg "take" "took" "taken" ;
+  oper teach_V : V = vIrreg "teach" "taught" "taught" ;
+  oper tear_V : V = vIrreg "tear" "tore" "torn" ;
+  oper tell_V : V = vIrreg "tell" "told" "told" ;
+  oper think_V : V = vIrreg "think" "thought" "thought" ;
+  oper thrive_V : V = vIrreg "thrive" (variants {"thrived" ; "throve"}) "thrived" ;
+  oper throw_V : V = vIrreg "throw" "threw" "thrown" ;
+  oper thrust_V : V = vIrreg "thrust" "thrust" "thrust" ;
+  oper tread_V : V = vIrreg "tread" "trod" "trodden" ;
+  oper understand_V : V = vIrreg "understand" "understood" "understood" ;
+  oper uphold_V : V = vIrreg "uphold" "upheld" "upheld" ;
+  oper upset_V : V = vIrreg "upset" "upset" "upset" ;
+  oper wake_V : V = vIrreg "wake" "woke" "woken" ;
+  oper wear_V : V = vIrreg "wear" "wore" "worn" ;
+  oper weave_V : V = vIrreg "weave" (variants {"weaved" ; "wove"}) (variants {"weaved" ; "woven"}) ;
+  oper wed_V : V = vIrreg "wed" "wed" "wed" ;
+  oper weep_V : V = vIrreg "weep" "wept" "wept" ;
+  oper wind_V : V = vIrreg "wind" "wound" "wound" ;
+  oper win_V : V = vIrreg "win" "won" "won" ;
+  oper withhold_V : V = vIrreg "withhold" "withheld" "withheld" ;
+  oper withstand_V : V = vIrreg "withstand" "withstood" "withstood" ;
+  oper wring_V : V = vIrreg "wring" "wrung" "wrung" ;
+  oper write_V : V = vIrreg "write" "wrote" "written" ;
+}

lib/resource/english/verbs.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+-- http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/verbs.htm
+awake  	awoke  	awoken
+-- be 	was, were 	been
+bear 	bore 	born
+beat 	beat 	beat
+become 	became 	become
+begin 	began 	begun
+bend 	bent 	bent
+beset 	beset 	beset
+bet 	bet 	bet
+bid 	bid/bade 	bid/bidden
+bind 	bound 	bound
+bite 	bit 	bitten
+bleed 	bled 	bled
+blow 	blew 	blown
+break 	broke 	broken
+breed 	bred 	bred
+bring 	brought 	brought
+broadcast 	broadcast 	broadcast
+build 	built 	built
+burn 	burned/burnt 	burned/burnt
+burst 	burst 	burst
+buy 	bought 	bought
+cast 	cast 	cast
+catch 	caught 	caught
+choose 	chose 	chosen
+cling 	clung 	clung
+come 	came 	come
+cost 	cost 	cost
+creep 	crept 	crept
+cut 	cut 	cut
+deal 	dealt 	dealt
+dig 	dug 	dug
+dive 	dived/dove 	dived
+do 	did 	done
+draw 	drew 	drawn
+dream 	dreamed/dreamt 	dreamed/dreamt
+drive 	drove 	driven
+drink 	drank 	drunk
+eat 	ate 	eaten
+fall 	fell 	fallen
+feed 	fed 	fed
+feel 	felt 	felt
+fight 	fought 	fought
+find 	found 	found
+fit 	fit 	fit
+flee 	fled 	fled
+fling 	flung 	flung
+fly 	flew 	flown
+forbid 	forbade 	forbidden
+forget 	forgot 	forgotten
+-- forego (forgo) 	forewent 	foregone
+forgive 	forgave 	forgiven
+forsake 	forsook 	forsaken
+freeze 	froze 	frozen
+get 	got 	gotten
+give 	gave 	given
+go 	went 	gone
+grind 	ground 	ground
+grow 	grew 	grown
+hang 	hung 	hung
+hear 	heard 	heard
+hide 	hid 	hidden
+hit 	hit 	hit
+hold 	held 	held
+hurt 	hurt 	hurt
+keep 	kept 	kept
+kneel 	knelt 	knelt
+knit 	knit 	knit
+know 	knew 	know
+lay 	laid 	laid
+lead 	led 	led
+leap 	leaped/lept 	leaped/lept
+learn 	learned/learnt 	learned/learnt
+leave 	left 	left
+lend 	lent 	lent
+let 	let 	let
+lie 	lay 	lain
+light 	lighted/lit 	lighted
+lose 	lost 	lost
+make 	made 	made
+mean 	meant 	meant
+meet 	met 	met
+misspell 	misspelled/misspelt 	misspelled/misspelt
+mistake 	mistook 	mistaken
+mow 	mowed 	mowed/mown
+overcome 	overcame 	overcome
+overdo 	overdid 	overdone
+overtake 	overtook 	overtaken
+overthrow 	overthrew 	overthrown
+pay 	paid 	paid
+plead 	pled 	pled
+prove 	proved 	proved/proven
+put 	put 	put
+quit 	quit 	quit
+read 	read 	read
+rid 	rid 	rid
+ride 	rode 	ridden
+ring 	rang 	rung
+rise 	rose 	risen
+run 	ran 	run
+saw 	sawed 	sawed/sawn
+say 	said 	said
+see 	saw 	seen
+seek 	sought 	sought
+sell 	sold 	sold
+send 	sent 	sent
+set 	set 	set
+sew 	sewed 	sewed/sewn
+shake 	shook 	shaken
+shave 	shaved 	shaved/shaven
+shear 	shore 	shorn
+shed 	shed 	shed
+shine 	shone 	shone
+shoe 	shoed 	shoed/shod
+shoot 	shot 	shot
+show 	showed 	showed/shown
+shrink 	shrank 	shrunk
+shut 	shut 	shut
+sing 	sang 	sung
+sink 	sank 	sunk
+sit 	sat 	sat
+sleep 	slept 	slept
+slay 	slew 	slain
+slide 	slid 	slid
+sling 	slung 	slung
+slit 	slit 	slit
+smite 	smote 	smitten
+sow 	sowed 	sowed/sown
+speak 	spoke 	spoken
+speed 	sped 	sped
+spend 	spent 	spent
+spill 	spilled/spilt 	spilled/spilt
+spin 	spun 	spun
+spit 	spit/spat 	spit
+split 	split 	split
+spread 	spread 	spread
+spring 	sprang/sprung 	sprung
+stand 	stood 	stood
+steal 	stole 	stolen
+stick 	stuck 	stuck
+sting 	stung 	stung
+stink 	stank 	stunk
+stride 	strod 	stridden
+strike 	struck 	struck
+string 	strung 	strung
+strive 	strove 	striven
+swear 	swore 	sworn
+sweep 	swept 	swept
+swell 	swelled 	swelled/swollen 
+swim 	swam 	swum
+swing 	swung 	swung
+take 	took 	taken
+teach 	taught 	taught
+tear 	tore 	torn
+tell 	told 	told
+think 	thought 	thought
+thrive 	thrived/throve 	thrived
+throw 	threw 	thrown
+thrust 	thrust 	thrust
+tread 	trod 	trodden
+understand 	understood 	understood
+uphold 	upheld 	upheld
+upset 	upset 	upset
+wake 	woke 	woken
+wear 	wore 	worn
+weave 	weaved/wove 	weaved/woven
+wed 	wed 	wed
+weep 	wept 	wept
+wind 	wound 	wound
+win 	won 	won
+withhold 	withheld 	withheld
+withstand 	withstood 	withstood
+wring 	wrung 	wrung
+write 	wrote 	written

lib/resource/frequent.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+-- A
+
+big
+small
+young 
+old 
+new
+good 
+bad
+important
+dirty
+clean
+beautiful
+ugly
+clever
+stupid
+hot
+cold
+warm
+long
+short
+thick
+thin
+broad
+narrow
+
+red
+blue
+yellow
+black
+white
+green
+brown
+
+
+-- V
+
+come
+go
+sleep
+become
+live 
+die
+walk
+run
+play
+read
+write
+watch
+see
+hear
+listen
+understand
+speak
+say
+ask
+answer
+eat
+drink
+buy
+sell
+learn
+know
+forget
+teach
+like
+love
+hate
+open
+close
+switch on
+switch off
+break
+hope
+fear ---
+beg
+wait
+send
+travel
+leave
+be born ---
+find
+seek
+lose
+win
+
+-- N
+
+man
+woman
+boy 
+girl
+child
+baby
+cat
+dog
+cow
+horse
+sheep
+bird
+fish
+table
+chair
+car
+bike
+train
+airplane
+ship
+boat
+shop
+restaurant
+bank
+school
+university
+factory
+country
+city
+village
+house
+apartment
+garden
+window
+door
+floor
+ceiling
+roof
+student
+teacher
+king
+queen
+policeman
+doctor
+priest
+church
+boss
+computer
+radio
+television
+camera
+book
+newspaper
+pen
+stove
+fridge
+lamp
+carpet
+boot
+shoe
+trousers
+coat
+shirt
+sock
+cap
+hat
+glove
+
+rock
+mountain
+hill
+sea
+lake
+river
+harbour
+moon
+sun
+star
+planet
+tree
+apple
+fruit
+snake
+
+music
+love
+art
+science
+religion
+industry
+war 
+peace
+
+milk
+wine
+beer
+water
+bread
+meat
+cheese
+butter
+oil
+
+paper
+wood
+iron
+steel
+gold
+silver
+stone
+plastic
+rubber
+leather
+
+mother
+father
+brother
+sister
+cousin
+
+friend
+enemy