solutions 2025

.dir-locals.el

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-((nil
-  . ((eval
-      . (progn (add-to-list 'load-path (project-root (project-current)))
-               (require 'helpers)
-               (add-hook 'before-save-hook
-                         #'hangul-convert-buffer-to-jamo t))))))

.envrc

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-use flake

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-*.gfo
-.gf-lsp
-.direnv
+*.gfo

flake.lock

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "nodes": {
-    "bnfc": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1694438405,
-        "narHash": "sha256-UmrJlHrMlB4tOxQEnBA1blh3aUV28dJHFZs5LNUbNLU=",
-        "owner": "BNFC",
-        "repo": "bnfc",
-        "rev": "1ead871febe45b8adecad286a90650414e24d8a4",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "BNFC",
-        "ref": "master",
-        "repo": "bnfc",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "gf": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "bnfc": "bnfc",
-        "gf-core": "gf-core",
-        "gf-rgl": "gf-rgl",
-        "gf-wordnet": "gf-wordnet",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1695852170,
-        "narHash": "sha256-xgA9ltioXjh5gYdgmzWACMFeFJu3w4ytMqQlb649oH8=",
-        "owner": "anka-213",
-        "repo": "cclaw-nix-stuff",
-        "rev": "bb591a7d0b6e81f5ae053d2e99a0f8dd9fb5d2a9",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "anka-213",
-        "ref": "nix-flakes",
-        "repo": "cclaw-nix-stuff",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "gf-core": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1695655790,
-        "narHash": "sha256-de5Fk5TK5aUL1YQphoYNBrpJj8GRuPJis7komT95+q8=",
-        "owner": "GrammaticalFramework",
-        "repo": "gf-core",
-        "rev": "7d9015e2e159b376cf2ba8332093c9623375557e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "GrammaticalFramework",
-        "ref": "master",
-        "repo": "gf-core",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "gf-rgl": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1695810223,
-        "narHash": "sha256-deTXlcYreUl/pHnFZbjSrZIq8L/XunLTODm7aE9LKSA=",
-        "owner": "GrammaticalFramework",
-        "repo": "gf-rgl",
-        "rev": "f19dcc01f99252feb79823830863389e6cf0fc7f",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "GrammaticalFramework",
-        "ref": "master",
-        "repo": "gf-rgl",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "gf-wordnet": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1695803720,
-        "narHash": "sha256-LG5NVsB81Any5P/2WgEpELJKZQmySloHk1F42E7wD1k=",
-        "owner": "GrammaticalFramework",
-        "repo": "gf-wordnet",
-        "rev": "39efb2f91ccb9575c8d96bc272bd2d9f90c1eb23",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "GrammaticalFramework",
-        "ref": "master",
-        "repo": "gf-wordnet",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1665056165,
-        "narHash": "sha256-2C7VfNphJa0FxPoT+suMOmUDVrQ5RIE+NKfDWqElvE4=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "27a89ba43b0fb735ce867e8ab3d2442f8cc61dad",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "id": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "indirect"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1769170682,
-        "narHash": "sha256-oMmN1lVQU0F0W2k6OI3bgdzp2YOHWYUAw79qzDSjenU=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "c5296fdd05cfa2c187990dd909864da9658df755",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-unstable",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "root": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "gf": "gf",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "root": "root",
-  "version": 7
-}

flake.nix

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-{
-  inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
-    gf.url = "github:anka-213/cclaw-nix-stuff/nix-flakes";
-  };
-
-  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, ... }@inputs:
-    let
-      supportedSystems = [
-        "aarch64-darwin"
-        "aarch64-linux"
-        "x86_64-darwin"
-        "x86_64-linux"
-      ];
-
-      each-system = f: nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (system: f rec {
-	pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; };
-	inherit (pkgs) lib;
-        inherit system;
-      });
-    in {
-      devShells =
-	each-system ({ pkgs, system, ... }:
-	  let
-	    gf-lsp = import
-	      (pkgs.fetchzip {
-		url = "https://github.com/anka-213/gf-lsp/archive/refs/tags/1.0.6.0.tar.gz";
-		hash = "sha256-UAI2qUslzLOWYjTirZJ0y4DZbkPZnVXTY0XtFO8+Rks=";
-	      }) {inherit system;};
-	  in {
-	    default = pkgs.mkShell {
-	      packages = [
-		inputs.gf.packages.${system}.gf-with-rgl
-		pkgs.graphviz
-		gf-lsp.gf-lsp
-		pkgs.babashka
-	      ];
-	    };
-	  });
-    };
-}

helpers.el

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-(defun hangul-syllables-to-jamo (str)
-  "Convert HANGUL SYLLABLES characters in STR to their HANGUL JAMO
-equivalents."
-  (let ((result "")
-	(i 0))
-    (while (< i (length str))
-      (let ((char (aref str i)))
-	(if (and (>= char #xAC00) (<= char #xD7A3))
-	    ;; Hangul syllable
-	    (let* ((code (- char #xAC00))
-		   (lead (/ code (* 21 28)))
-		   (medial (/ (% code (* 21 28)) 28))
-		   (final (% code 28))
-		   (lead-jamo (+ #x1100 lead))
-		   (medial-jamo (+ #x1161 medial))
-		   (final-jamo (if (> final 0) (+ #x11A7 final) nil)))
-	      (setq result
-		    (concat result (char-to-string lead-jamo)
-			    (char-to-string medial-jamo)
-			    (if final-jamo (char-to-string final-jamo) ""))))
-	  ;; Not a Hangul syllable
-	  (setq result (concat result (char-to-string char)))))
-      (setq i (1+ i)))
-    result))
-
-(defun hangul-convert-region-to-jamo (beg end)
-  (interactive "r")
-  (replace-region-contents
-   beg end (lambda ()
-	     (hangul-syllables-to-jamo (buffer-substring (point-min)
-							 (point-max))))))
-
-(defun hangul-convert-buffer-to-jamo ()
-  (interactive)
-  (hangul-convert-region-to-jamo (point-min) (point-max))
-  (message "Converted Hangul Syllables in buffer to Jamo."))
-
-(require 'dash)
-
-(defconst gf-hangul/choseong
-  (cl-loop for i from #x1100 to #x1112 collect i))
-
-(defconst gf-hangul/jungseong
-  (cl-loop for i from #x1161 to #x1175 collect i))
-
-(defconst gf-hangul/batchim
-  (cl-loop for i from #x11a8 to #x11c2 collect i))
-
-(defun gf-hangul/make-pattern (name seq)
-  (format "'%s' : pattern Str = #(%s) ;"
-	  name (->> seq
-		    (--map (concat "\"" it "\""))
-		    (-interpose " | ")
-		    (apply #'concat))))
-
-(provide 'helpers)

lab1/grammar/abstract/MicroLang.gf

@@ -49,11 +49,6 @@ abstract MicroLang = {
     aPl_Det   : Det ;                   -- indefinite plural   ---s
     the_Det   : Det ;                   -- definite singular   ---s
     thePl_Det : Det ;                   -- definite plural     ---s
-    this_Det  : Det ;
-    thisPl_Det: Det ;
-    that_Det  : Det ;
-    thatPl_Det: Det ;
-
     UseN      : N -> CN ;               -- house
     AdjCN     : AP -> CN -> CN ;        -- big house
 
@@ -167,4 +162,4 @@ fun
   yellow_A : A ;
   young_A : A ;
 
-}
+}

lab1/grammar/english/MicroLangEng.gf

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ concrete MicroLangEng of MicroLang = open MicroResEng, Prelude in {
     PredVPS np vp = {
       s = np.s ! Nom ++ vp.verb.s ! agr2vform np.a ++ vp.compl
       } ;
-
+      
     UseV v = {
       verb = v ;
       compl = [] ;
@@ -62,10 +62,6 @@ concrete MicroLangEng of MicroLang = open MicroResEng, Prelude in {
     aPl_Det = {s = "" ; n = Pl} ;
     the_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Sg} ;
     thePl_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Pl} ;
-    this_Det = {s = "this"; n = Sg} ;
-    thisPl_Det = {s = "these"; n = Pl} ;
-    that_Det = {s = "that"; n = Sg} ;
-    thatPl_Det = {s = "those"; n = Pl} ;
     
     UseN n = n ;
     

lab1/grammar/korean/HangulJamo.gf

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-resource HangulJamo = open Prelude in {
-  flags coding=utf8 ;
-  oper
-    lemmaToStem : (lemma : Str) -> Str
-      = \lemma -> case lemma of {
-        stem + "다" => stem ;
-        _ => Predef.error ("lemmaToStem was applied to a non-lemma," ++ lemma)
-      } ;
-
-    infinitive : (stem : Str) -> Str
-      = \stem -> case stem of {
-	-- 하다 ⇒ 해
-	init + #ha => init + "해" ;
-	-- 찾다 ⇒ 찾아, 좁다 ⇒ 좁아
-        _ + #a_o + #batchim => stem + "아" ;
-	-- 가다 ⇒ 가, 
-        _ + (#a | #eo) => stem ;
-	-- 오다 ⇒ 와
-        init + #o => init + "ᅪ" ;
-	-- 따르다 ⇒ 따러
-        init + #eu => init + "ᅥ" ;
-	-- 기다리다 ⇒ 기다려
-        init + #i => init + "ᅧ" ;
-	--
-        init + #u => init + "ᅯ" ;
-	-- 맛있다 ⇒ 맛있어
-        _ => stem + "어"
-      } ;
-
-    present_haeyo : (stem : Str) -> Str
-      = \stem -> infinitive stem + "요" ;
-
-    past_haeyo : (stem : Str) -> Str
-      = \stem -> infinitive stem + "ᆻ어요" ;
-
-    vc_allomorph : (s,vowel,consonant : Str) -> Str
-      = \s,v,c -> case s of {
-	_ + #vowel => v ;
-	_ => c
-      } ;
-
-  oper
-    a_o : pattern Str = #("ᅡ" | "ᅩ") ;
-    a : pattern Str = #"ᅡ" ;
-    o : pattern Str = #"ᅩ" ;
-    eo : pattern Str = #"ᅥ" ;
-    eu : pattern Str = #"ᅳ" ;
-    i : pattern Str = #"ᅵ" ;
-    u : pattern Str = #"ᅮ" ;
-    ha : pattern Str = #"하" ;
-
-  oper
-    consonant : pattern Str =
-      #("ᄀ" | "ᄁ" | "ᄂ" | "ᄃ" | "ᄄ" | "ᄅ" | "ᄆ" | "ᄇ"
-          | "ᄈ" | "ᄉ" | "ᄊ" | "ᄋ" | "ᄌ" | "ᄍ" | "ᄎ" | "ᄏ"
-          | "ᄐ" | "ᄑ" | "ᄒ" | "ᆨ" | "ᆩ" | "ᆪ" | "ᆫ" | "ᆬ"
-          | "ᆭ" | "ᆮ" | "ᆯ" | "ᆰ" | "ᆱ" | "ᆲ" | "ᆳ" | "ᆴ"
-          | "ᆵ" | "ᆶ" | "ᆷ" | "ᆸ" | "ᆹ" | "ᆺ" | "ᆻ" | "ᆼ"
-          | "ᆽ" | "ᆾ" | "ᆿ" | "ᇀ" | "ᇁ" | "ᇂ") ;
-    batchim : pattern Str =
-      #("ᆨ" | "ᆩ" | "ᆪ" | "ᆫ" | "ᆬ" | "ᆭ" | "ᆮ" | "ᆯ" | "ᆰ"
-          | "ᆱ" | "ᆲ" | "ᆳ" | "ᆴ" | "ᆵ" | "ᆶ" | "ᆷ" | "ᆸ" | "ᆹ"
-          | "ᆺ" | "ᆻ" | "ᆼ" | "ᆽ" | "ᆾ" | "ᆿ" | "ᇀ" | "ᇁ" | "ᇂ") ;
-    choseong : pattern Str =
-      #("ᄀ" | "ᄁ" | "ᄂ" | "ᄃ" | "ᄄ" | "ᄅ" | "ᄆ" | "ᄇ" | "ᄈ"
-          | "ᄉ" | "ᄊ" | "ᄋ" | "ᄌ" | "ᄍ" | "ᄎ" | "ᄏ" | "ᄐ" | "ᄑ"
-          | "ᄒ") ;
-    vowel : pattern Str =
-      #("ᅡ" | "ᅢ" | "ᅣ" | "ᅤ" | "ᅥ" | "ᅦ" | "ᅧ" | "ᅨ" | "ᅩ"
-          | "ᅪ" | "ᅫ" | "ᅬ" | "ᅭ" | "ᅮ" | "ᅯ" | "ᅰ" | "ᅱ" | "ᅲ"
-          | "ᅳ" | "ᅴ" | "ᅵ") ;
-}

lab1/grammar/korean/MicroLangKor.gf

@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
---# -path=.:../abstract
-concrete MicroLangKor of MicroLang = open MicroResKor, Prelude in {
-
-  flags coding=utf8 ;
-
------------------------------------------------------
----------------- Grammar part -----------------------
------------------------------------------------------
-
-  lincat
-    Utt = {s : Str} ;
-
-    S  = {s : Str} ;
-    VP = {verb : Verb ; compl : Str} ; ---s special case of Mini
-    Comp = Noun ;
-    AP = Adjective ;
-    CN = Noun ;
-    NP = {s : Str} ;
-    Pron = {s : Str} ;
-    Det = {s : Str} ;
-    Prep = {s : Str} ;
-    V = Verb ;
-    V2 = Verb2 ;
-    A = Adjective ;
-    N = Noun ;
-    Adv = {s : Str} ;
-
-  lin
-    UttS s = {s = s.s} ;
-    UttNP np = {s = np.s} ;
-    PredVPS np vp = {s = np.s ++ vp.compl ++ vp.verb.s ! VPresent} ;
-    UseV v = {verb = v ; compl = []} ;
-    ComplV2 v2 np = {verb = v2 ; compl = np.s};
-    UseN n = n ;
-    DetCN det cn = {s = det.s ++ cn.s} ;
-    a_Det = {s = []} ;
-    aPl_Det = {s = []} ;
-    the_Det = {s = []} ;
-    thePl_Det = {s = []} ;
-    this_Det = {s = "이"} ;
-    thisPl_Det = {s = "이"} ;
-    that_Det = {s = "그"} ;
-    thatPl_Det = {s = "그"} ;
-    PositA a = a ;
-    AdjCN ap cn = {s = ap.s ! VAdnomial ++ cn.s} ;
-
------------------------------------------------------
----------------- Lexicon part -----------------------
------------------------------------------------------
-
--- lin already_Adv = mkAdv "벌써" ;
-lin animal_N = mkN "동물" ;
-lin apple_N = mkN "사과" ;
-lin baby_N = mkN "아기" ;
-lin bad_A = mkA "나쁘다" ;
--- lin beer_N = mkN "beer" ;
-lin big_A = mkA "크다" ;
--- lin bike_N = mkN "bike" ;
--- lin bird_N = mkN "bird" ;
--- lin black_A = mkA "black" ;
-lin blood_N = mkN "피" ;
--- lin blue_A = mkA "blue" ;
--- lin boat_N = mkN "boat" ;
-lin book_N = mkN "책" ;
-lin boy_N = mkN "소녁" ;
-lin bread_N = mkN "빵" ;
--- lin break_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "break" "broke" "broken") ;
-lin buy_V2 = mkV2 "사다" ;
-lin car_N = mkN "자동차" ;
-lin cat_N = mkN "고양이" ;
-lin child_N = mkN "어린이" ;
--- lin city_N = mkN "city" ;
-lin clean_A = mkA "정소하다" ;
-lin clever_A = mkA "똑똑하다" ;
--- lin cloud_N = mkN "cloud" ;
--- lin cold_A = mkA "차가운" ;
-lin come_V = mkV "오다" ;
-lin computer_N = mkN "컴퓨터" ;
--- lin cow_N = mkN "cow" ;
--- lin dirty_A = mkA "더러운" ;
-lin dog_N = mkN "개" ;
-lin drink_V2 = mkV2 "마시다" ;
-lin eat_V2 = mkV2 "먹다" ;
-lin find_V2 = mkV2 "찾다" ;
--- lin fire_N = mkN "fire" ;
-lin fish_N = mkN "생선" ;
--- lin flower_N = mkN "flower" ;
-lin friend_N = mkN "진구" ;
-lin girl_N = mkN "소녀" ;
--- lin good_A = mkA "좋은" ;
-lin go_V = mkV "가다" ;
--- lin grammar_N = mkN "grammar" ;
--- lin green_A = mkA "green" ;
--- lin heavy_A = mkA "heavy" ;
--- lin horse_N = mkN "horse" ;
--- lin hot_A = mkA "hot" ;
-lin house_N = mkN "집" ;
--- lin john_PN = mkPN "John" ;
--- lin jump_V = mkV "jump" ;
-lin kill_V2 = mkV2 "죽다" ;
--- lin know_V2 = mkV "알다" ;
-lin language_N = mkN "언어" ;
--- lin live_V = mkV "live" ;
--- lin love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
-lin man_N = mkN "남자" ;
-lin milk_N = mkN "우유" ;
-lin music_N = mkN "음악" ;
--- lin new_A = mkA "new" ;
-lin now_Adv = mkAdv "지금" ;
--- lin old_A = mkA "낡안" ;
--- lin paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" ;
-lin play_V = mkV "놀다" ;
-lin read_V2 = mkV2 "읽다" ;
--- lin ready_A = mkA "ready" ;
--- lin red_A = mkA "red" ;
-lin river_N = mkN "강" ;
--- lin run_V = mkV "run" "ran" "run" ;
-lin sea_N = mkN "바다" ;
-lin see_V2 = mkV2 "보다" ;
--- lin ship_N = mkN "ship" ;
-lin sleep_V = mkV "자다" ;
--- lin small_A = mkA "작은" ;
-lin star_N = mkN "별" ;
-lin swim_V = mkV "수영하다" ;
-lin teach_V2 = mkV2 "가르치다" ;
--- lin train_N = mkN "train" ;
--- lin travel_V = mkV "travel" ;
--- lin tree_N = mkN "tree" ;
--- lin understand_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "understand" "understood" "understood") ;
-lin wait_V2 = mkV2 "기다리다" ;
-lin walk_V = mkV "걷다" ;
--- lin warm_A = mkA "따뜻한" ;
-lin water_N = mkN "물" ;
--- lin white_A = mkA "하얗은" ;
--- lin wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
-lin woman_N = mkN "여자" ;
--- lin yellow_A = mkA "yellow" ;
--- lin young_A = mkA "young" ;
-
----------------------------
--- Paradigms part ---------
----------------------------
-
-oper
-  mkN : Str -> Noun
-    = \s -> lin N {s = s} ;
-
-  mkV : Str -> V = \lemma -> lin V (regVerb lemma) ;
-
-  mkV2 = overload {
-    mkV2 : Str -> V2
-      = \lemma -> lin V2 (mkV lemma) ;
-    mkV2 : V -> V2
-      = \v -> lin V2 v ;
-    } ;
-
-  mkAdv : Str -> Adv
-    = \s -> lin Adv {s = s} ;
-
-  mkPrep : Str -> Prep
-    = \s -> lin Prep {s = s} ;
-
-  mkA : Str -> A
-    = \lemma -> lin A (regAdjective lemma) ;
-}

lab1/grammar/korean/MicroResKor.gf

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-resource MicroResKor = open Prelude, HangulJamo in {
-  param
-    VForm = VLemma | VPresent | VPast | VAdnomial ;
-
-  oper
-    Noun : Type = {s : Str} ;
-    Verb : Type = {s : VForm => Str} ;
-    Verb2 : Type = Verb ;
-    Adjective : Type = Verb ;
-
-    lemmaToStem : (lemma : Str) -> Str
-      = \lemma -> case lemma of {
-	stem + "다" => stem ;
-	_ => Predef.error ("lemmaToStem was applied to a non-lemma," ++ lemma)
-      } ;
-
-    reg : (descriptive : Bool) -> (lemma : Str) -> Verb
-      = \descriptive,lemma ->
-      let stem = lemmaToStem lemma ;
-      in {
-	s = table {
-	  VLemma => lemma ;
-	  VPresent => present_haeyo stem ;
-	  VPast => past_haeyo stem ;
-	  VAdnomial =>
-	    if_then_else Str descriptive
-	      (stem + vc_allomorph stem "ᆫ" "은")
-	      (stem + "는")
-	  }
-      } ;
-
-    regVerb : (lemma : Str) -> Verb = reg False ;
-    regAdjective : (lemma : Str) -> Adjective = reg True ;
-}

lab3/README.md

@@ -12,28 +12,27 @@ Go to [universaldependencies.org](https://universaldependencies.org/) and downlo
 Choose a short (5-10 tokens) and a long (>25 words) sentence and convert it from CoNNL-U to a graphical trees by hand.
 
 ### Step 2: choose a corpus
-Choose one of the two corpora provided in this folder:
+Choose a corpus of 25+ sentences.
 
-- [`comp-syntax-corpus-english.txt`](comp-syntax-corpus-english.txt) is a combination of __English__ sentences from different sources, including [the Parallel UD treebank (PUD)](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_English-PUD/tree/master). If you want to cheat - or just check your answers - you can look for them in the official treebank. You can also compare your analyses with those of an automatic parser, such as [UDPipe](https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/udpipe/), which you can try directly in your browser. These automatic analyses must of course be taken with a grain of salt
-- [`comp-syntax-corpus-swedish.txt`](comp-syntax-corpus-swedish.txt) consists of teacher-corrected sentences from the [__Swedish__ Learner Language (SweLL) corpus](https://spraakbanken.gu.se/en/resources/swell-gold), which is currently being annotated in UD for the first time. 
-In this case, there is no "gold standard" to check your answers against, but you can still compare your solutions with [UDPipe](https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/udpipe/)'s automatic analyses.
+If you want to start with __English__, you can use[`comp-syntax-corpus-english.txt`](comp-syntax-corpus-english.txt) is a combination of sentences from different sources, including [the Parallel UD treebank (PUD)](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_English-PUD/tree/master). If you want to cheat - or just check your answers - you can look for them in the official treebank. You can also compare your analyses with those of an automatic parser, such as [UDPipe](https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/udpipe/), which you can try directly in your browser. These automatic analyses must of course be taken with a grain of salt. Note that the first few sentences of this corpus are pre-tokenized and POS-tagged. Each token is in the form `word:<UPOS>`.
 
-In both corpora, the first few sentences are pre-tokenized and POS-tagged. Each token is in the form
 
-`word:<UPOS>`.
+If you want to work with __Swedish__ and might be interested in contributing to an [official UD treebank](https://github.com/universaldependencies/UD_Swedish-SweLL), ask Arianna for [a sample of the Swedish Learner Language corpus](https://spraakbanken.gu.se/en/resources/swell).
+
+If you have other data in mind that you think would be interesting to annotate in UD (not necessarily in English or Swedish), don't hesitate to bring it up during a lab session!
 
 ### Step 3: annotate
 For each sentence in the corpus, the annotation tasks consists in:
 
 1. analyzing the sentence in UD
-2. translating it to a language of your choice
+2. translating it to a language of your choice (as long as one of the two versions is in English or Swedish)
 3. analyzing your translation
 
 The only required fields are `ID`, `FORM`, `UPOS`, `HEAD` and `DEPREL`.
 
 In the end, you will submit two parallel CoNLL-U files, one containing the analyses of the source sentences and one for the analyses of the translations.
 
-To produce the CoNLL-U files, you may work in your text editor (if you use Visual Studio Code, you can use the [vscode-conllu](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=lgrobol.vscode-conllu) to get syntax highlighting), use a spreadsheet program and then export to TSV, or use a dedicated graphical annotation tool such as [Arborator](https://arborator.grew.fr/#/).
+To produce the CoNLL-U files, you may work in your text editor (you can usually get syntax highlighting by changing the extension to `.tsv`), use a spreadsheet program and then export to TSV, or use a dedicated graphical annotation tool such as [Arborator](https://arborator.grew.fr/#/) (helpful but unstable!).
 
 If you work in your text editor, it might be easier to first write a simplified CoNLL-U, with just the fields `ID`, `FORM`, `UPOS`, `HEAD` and `DEPREL`, separated by tabs, and then expand it to full CoNLL-U with [this script](https://gist.github.com/harisont/612a87d20f729aa3411041f873367fa2) (or similar).
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ To fully comply with the CoNLL-U standard, comment lines should consist of key-v
 # comment = your comment here
 ```
 
-but for this assigment lines like
+but for this assignment lines like
 
 ```
 # your comment here
@@ -62,25 +61,22 @@ but for this assigment lines like
 
 are perfectly acceptable too.
 
+Useful links:
+
+- [docs](https://universaldependencies.org/guidelines.html)
+- [treebank query tool](https://universal.grew.fr)
+- [online CoNNL-U viewer](https://universaldependencies.org/conllu_viewer.html) (to visually check your annotation if you are working in the text editor or in a spreadsheet program)
+- [UDPipe](https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/udpipe/) (recommended, but not from the very beginning: annotate some sentences by hand first)
+
 ### Step 4: make sure your files match the CoNLL-U specification
-Once you have full CoNLL, you can use [deptreepy](https://github.com/aarneranta/deptreepy/), [STUnD](https://harisont.github.io/STUnD/) or [the official online CoNNL-U viewer](https://universaldependencies.org/conllu_viewer.html) to visualize it.
-
-With deptreepy, you will need to issue the command
-
-`cat my-file.conllu | python deptreepy.py visualize_conllu > my-file.html`
-
-which creates an HTML file you can open in you web browser.
-
-If you can visualize your trees with any of these tools, that's a very good sign that your file _more or less_ matches the CoNNL-U format!
-
-As a last step, validate your treebank with the official UD validator. 
+Check your treebank with the official UD validator. 
 To do that, clone or download the [UD tools repository](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/tools), move inside the corresponding folder and run
 
 ```
-python validate.py PATH-TO-YOUR-TREEBANK.conllu --lang=2-LETTER-LANGCODE-FOR-YOUR-LANGUAGE --level=1
+python validate.py PATH-TO-YOUR-TREEBANK.conllu --lang=2-LETTER-LANGCODE-FOR-YOUR-LANGUAGE --level=2
 ```
 
-If you want to check for more subtle errors, you can [go up a few levels](https://harisont.github.io/gfaqs.html#ud-validator).
+Level 2 should be enough for part 2, but you can [go up a few levels](https://harisont.github.io/lists/facs.html#ud-validator) to check for more subtle errors.
 
 Submit the two CoNLL-U files on Canvas.
 
@@ -91,7 +87,7 @@ If you want to install MaChAmp on your own computer, keep in mind that very old
 For more information, see [here](https://github.com/machamp-nlp/machamp/issues/42). 
 
 ### Step 1: setting up MaChAmp
-1. optional, but recommended: create a Python virtual environment with the command
+1. create a Python virtual environment with the command
    ```
    python -m venv ENVNAME
    ```
@@ -124,7 +120,7 @@ python scripts/misc/cleanconl.py PATH-TO-A-DATASET-SPLIT
 This replaces the contents of your input file with a "cleaned up" version of the same treebank.
 
 ### Step 3: training
-Copy `compsyn.json` to `machamp/configs` and replace the traning and development data paths with the paths to the files you selected/created in step 2.
+Copy `compsyn.json` to `machamp/configs` and replace the training and development data paths with the paths to the files you selected/created in step 2.
 
 You can now train your model by running
 
@@ -152,4 +148,4 @@ Then, use the `machamp/scripts/misc/conll18_ud_eval.py` script to evaluate the s
 python scripts/misc/conll18_ud_eval.py PATH-TO-YOUR-PART1-TREEBANK predictions/OUTPUT-FILE-NAME.conllu
 ```
 
-On Canvas, submit the training logs, the predictions and the output of `conll18_ud_eval.py`, along with a short text summarizing your considerations on the performance of the parser, based on the predictions themselves and on the output of the results of the evaluation.
+On Canvas, submit the training logs, the predictions and the output of `conll18_ud_eval.py`, along with a short text summarizing your considerations on the performance of the parser, based on the predictions themselves and on the automatic evaluation.

lab3/comp-syntax-corpus-english.txt

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The:<DET> study:<NOUN> of:<ADP> volcanoes:<NOUN> is:<AUX> called:<VERB> volcanol
 It:<PRON> was:<AUX> conducted:<VERB> just:<ADV> off:<ADP> the:<DET> Mexican:<ADJ> coast:<NOUN> from:<ADP> April:<PROPN> to:<ADP> June:<PROPN> .:<PUNCT>
 ":<PUNCT> Her:<PRON> voice:<NOUN> literally:<ADV> went:<VERB> around:<ADP> the:<DET> world:<NOUN> ,:<PUNCT> ":<PUNCT> Leive:<PROPN> said:<VERB> .:<PUNCT>
 A:<DET> witness:<NOUN> told:<VERB> police:<NOUN> that:<SCONJ> the:<DET> victim:<NOUN> had:<AUX> attacked:<VERB> the:<DET> suspect:<NOUN> in:<ADP> April:<PROPN> .:<PUNCT>
-It:<PRON> 's:<AUX> most:<ADV> obvious:<ADJ> when:<SSUBJ> a:<DET> celebrity:<NOUN> 's:<PART> name:<NOUN> is:<AUX> initially:<ADV> quite:<ADV> rare:<ADJ> .:<PUNCT>
+It:<PRON> 's:<AUX> most:<ADV> obvious:<ADJ> when:<SCONJ> a:<DET> celebrity:<NOUN> 's:<PART> name:<NOUN> is:<AUX> initially:<ADV> quite:<ADV> rare:<ADJ> .:<PUNCT>
 This:<PRON> has:<AUX> not:<PART> stopped:<VERB> investors:<NOUN> flocking:<VERB> to:<PART> put:<VERB> their:<PRON> money:<NOUN> in:<ADP> the:<DET> funds:<NOUN> .:<PUNCT>
 This:<DET> discordance:<NOUN> between:<ADP> economic:<ADJ> data:<NOUN> and:<CCONJ> political:<ADJ> rhetoric:<NOUN> is:<AUX> familiar:<ADJ> ,:<PUNCT> or:<CCONJ> should:<AUX> be:<AUX> .:<PUNCT>
 The:<DET> feasibility:<NOUN> study:<NOUN> estimates:<VERB> that:<SCONJ> it:<PRON> would:<AUX> take:<VERB> passengers:<NOUN> about:<ADV> four:<NUM> minutes:<NOUN> to:<PART> cross:<VERB> the:<DET> Potomac:<PROPN> River:<PROPN> on:<ADP> the:<DET> gondola:<NOUN> .:<PUNCT>

lab3/comp-syntax-corpus-swedish.txt

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-Jag:<PRON> tycker:<VERB> att:<SCONJ> du:<PRON> ska:<AUX> börja:<VERB> med:<ADP> en:<DET> språkkurs:<NOUN>.:<PUNCT>
-Flerspråkighet:<NOUN> gynnar:<VERB> oss:<PRON> även:<ADV> på:<ADP> arbetsmarknaden:<NOUN>.:<PUNCT>
-Språket:<NOUN> är:<AUX> lätt:<ADJ> och:<CCONJ> jag:<PRON> kan:<AUX> läsa:<VERB> utan:<ADP> något:<DET> problem:<PRON>.:<PUNCT>
-Man:<PRON> känner:<VERB> sig:<PRON> ensam:<ADJ> när:<SCONJ> man:<PRON> inte:<PART> kan:<AUX> prata:<VERB> språket:<NOUN> bra:<ADV>.:<PUNCT>
-Det:<PRON> kan:<AUX> vara:<AUX> kroppsspråk:<NOUN> men:<CCONJ> främst:<ADV> sker:<VERB> det:<PRON> genom:<ADP> talet:<NOUN>.
-Språket:<NOUN> är:<AUX> nyckeln:<NOUN> till:<ADP> alla:<DET> låsta:<ADJ> dörrar:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> har:<AUX> vi:<PRON> hört:<VERB> flera:<ADJ> gånger:<NOUN>.:<PUNCT>
-Att:<PART> kunna:<VERB> ett:<DET> språk:<NOUN> är:<AUX> en:<DET> av:<ADP> de:<DET> viktigaste:<ADJ> och:<CCONJ> värdefullaste:<ADJ> egenskaper:<NOUN> en:<DET> människa:<NOUN> kan:<AUX> ha:<VERB> så:<SCONJ> det:<PRON> är:<AUX> värt:<ADJ> mer:<ADV> än:<ADP> vad:<PRON> man:<PRON> tror:<VERB>.:<PUNCT>
-Med:<ADP> andra:<ADJ> ord:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> språket:<NOUN> är:<AUX> nyckeln:<NOUN> till:<ADP> alla:<DET> låsta:<ADJ> dörrar:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> men:<CCONJ> det:<PRON> finns:<VERB> viktigare:<ADJ> saker:<NOUN> att:<PART> satsa:<VERB> på:<ADP> som:<PRON> jag:<PRON> kommer:<AUX> att:<PART> nämna:<VERB> längre:<ADV> ner:<ADV>.:<PUNCT>
-Han:<PRON> kom:<VERB> till:<ADP> Sverige:<PROPN> för:<ADP> 4:<NUM> år:<NOUN> sedan:<ADV>,:<PUNCT> han:<PRON> kunde:<AUX> inte:<PART> tala:<VERB> svenska:<ADJ> språket:<NOUN>,<PUNCT> ingen:<DET> engelska:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> han:<PRON> kunde:<AUX> i:<ADP> princip:<NOUN> inte:<PART> kommunicera:<VERB> med:<ADP> någon:<PRON> här<ADV>.:<PUNCT>
-För:<ADP> det:<DET> första:<ADJ> hänger:<VERB> språket:<NOUN> ihop:<ADV> med:<ADP> tillhörighet:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> särskilt:<ADV> för:<ADP> de:<DET> nya:<ADJ> invandrare:<NOUN> som:<PRON> har:<AUX> bestämt:<VERB> sig:<PRON> för:<ADP> att:<PART> flytta:<VERB> och:<CCONJ> bosätta:<VERB> sig:<PRON> i:<ADP> Sverige:<PROPN>.:<PUNCT>
-Om:<SCONJ> alla:<PRON> hade:<AUX> talat:<VERB> samma:<DET> språk:<NOUN> hade:<AUX> det:<PRON> förmodligen:<ADV> inte:<PART> funnits:<VERB> något:<DET> utanförskap:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> utan:<CCONJ> man:<PRON> hade:<AUX> fått:<VERB> en:<DET> typ:<NOUN> av:<ADP> gemenskap:<NOUN> där:<ADV> man:<PRON> delar:<VERB> samma:<DET> kultur:<NOUN>.:<PUNCT>
-Att:<PART> lära:<VERB> sig:<PRON> ett:<DET> språk:<NOUN> är:<AUX> väldigt:<ADV> svårt:<ADJ>,:<PUNCT> speciellt:<ADV> för:<ADP> vuxna:<ADJ> människor:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> och:<CCONJ> eftersom:<SCONJ> majoritetsspråket:<NOUN> blir:<VERB> en:<DET> viktig:<ADJ> del:<NOUN> i:<ADP> en:<DET> persons:<NOUN> liv:<NOUN> räcker:<VERB> det:<PRON> inte:<PART> att:<PART> tala:<VERB> det:<PRON> på:<ADP> söndagar:<NOUN> utan:<CCONJ> det:<PRON> måste:<AUX> läras:<VERB> in:<PART> som:<SCONJ> ett:<DET> modersmål:<NOUN>,:<PUNCT> vilket:<PRON> finansieras:<VERB> av:<ADP> oss:<PRON> skattebetalare:<NOUN>.:<PUNCT>
-Avslutningsvis så vill jag förmedla att vi bör rädda världen innan språken.
-Språket är ganska enkelt, och det är lätt att förstå vad romanen handlar om.
-Det är även kostsamt för staten att se till att dessa minoritetsspråk lever kvar.
-Låt mig säga att det är inte för sent att rädda de små språken, vi måste ta steget nu.
-Att hålla dessa minoritetsspråk vid liv är både slöseri med tid och mycket ekonomiskt krävande.
-Jag tackar alla lärare på Sfi som hjälper oss för att vi ska kunna bli bättre på svenska språket.
-Språk skapades för flera tusen år sedan och vissa språk har tynat bort medan några nya har skapats.
-Samhället behöver flerspråkiga och vägen till kommunikation och till att begripa andras kulturer är ett språk.
-Om man kan fler språk har man fler möjligheter att använda sig av dem vilket leder till utveckling.
-Därför tycker jag att vi bör införa ett förbud mot främmande språk i statliga myndigheter och föreningar.
-Men jag anser först och främst att språket är som själen, det som ger oss livskraft, säregenhet och karaktär.
-På Sveriges riksdags hemsida kan man läsa om hur Sverige bidrar med att skydda dessa språk med hjälp av statligt bidrag.

lectures/lecture01/nano.cf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+S ::= NP VP ;
+VP ::= V NP ;
+NP ::= Det CN ;
+CN ::= A CN ;
+CN ::= N ;
+NP ::= Pron ;
+
+Det ::= "the" ;
+A ::= "black" ;
+N ::= "cat" ;
+V ::= "sees" ;
+Pron ::= "us" ;
+

lectures/lecture01/nanopar.cf

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+S ::= NP_nom_sg VP_sg ;
+S ::= NP_nom_pl VP_pl ;
+VP_sg ::= V_sg NP_acc ;
+VP_pl ::= V_pl NP_acc ;
+NP_nom_sg ::= Det CN ;
+NP_acc ::= Det CN ;
+CN ::= A CN ;
+CN ::= N ;
+NP_nom_pl ::= Pron_nom_pl ;
+NP_acc ::= Pron_acc ;
+
+Det ::= "the" ;
+A ::= "black" ;
+N ::= "cat" ;
+V_sg ::= "sees" ;
+V_pl ::= "see" ;
+Pron_nom_pl ::= "we" ;
+Pron_acc ::= "us" ;
+

lectures/lecture02/Nano.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+abstract Nano = {
+
+cat
+  S ; NP ; VP ; CN ;
+  Det ; Pron ; A ; N ; V2 ;
+
+fun
+  PredVPS : NP -> VP -> S ;
+  ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP ;
+  DetCN : Det -> CN -> NP ;
+  AdjCN : A -> CN -> CN ;
+  UseCN : N -> CN ;
+  UsePron : Pron -> NP ;
+
+  the_Det : Det ;
+  black_A : A ;
+  cat_N : N ;
+  see_V2 : V2 ;
+  we_Pron : Pron ;
+
+}

lectures/lecture02/NanoEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+concrete NanoEng of Nano = {
+
+lincat
+  S = Str ;
+  NP, Pron = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+  VP, V2 = Number => Str ;
+  CN, Det = Str ;
+  A, N = Str ;
+
+lin
+  PredVPS np vp = np.s ! Nom  ++ vp ! np.n ;
+  ComplV2 v2 np = table {n => v2 ! n ++ np.s ! Acc} ;
+  DetCN det cn =
+    {s = table {c => det ++ cn} ; n = Sg} ;
+  AdjCN a cn = a ++ cn ;
+  UseCN n = n ;
+  UsePron pron = pron ;
+
+  the_Det = "the" ;
+  black_A = "black" ;
+  cat_N = "cat" ;
+  see_V2 =
+    table {Sg => "sees" ; Pl => "see"} ;
+  we_Pron = {
+    s = table {Nom => "we" ; Acc => "us"} ;
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  Case = Nom | Acc ;
+
+}

lectures/lecture02/NanoIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+concrete NanoIta of Nano = {
+
+lincat
+  S, NP, VP, CN,
+  Det, Pron, A, N, V2 = Str ;
+
+lin
+  PredVPS np vp = np ++ vp ;
+  ComplV2 v2 np = np ++ v2 ;
+  DetCN det cn = det ++ cn ;
+  AdjCN a cn = cn ++ a ;
+  UseCN n = n ;
+  UsePron pron = pron ;
+
+  the_Det = "il" ;
+  black_A = "nero" ;
+  cat_N = "gatto" ;
+  see_V2 = "vede" ;
+  we_Pron = "ci" ;
+
+}

lectures/lecture03/MorphologyEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+resource MorphologyEng = {
+
+-- to use:
+--  i -retain MorphologyEng.gf
+--  cc -table dog_N
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  VerbForm = Inf | Pres3Sg | Past | PastPart | PresPart ;
+
+oper
+  Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- constructor
+  mkNoun : (dog, dogs : Str) -> Noun
+    = \dog, dogs -> {
+      s = table {Sg => dog ; Pl => dogs}
+      } ;
+
+  regNoun : (dog : Str) -> Noun
+    = \dog -> mkNoun dog (dog + "s") ;
+
+  smartNoun : (noun : Str) -> Noun
+    = \noun -> case noun of {
+       b + ("a" | "e" | "o" | "u") + "y" => regNoun noun ;
+       bab + "y" => mkNoun noun (bab + "ies") ;
+       _ => regNoun noun
+      } ;
+
+  Verb : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str} ;
+  
+  -- constructor; worst case paradigm
+  mkVerb : (sing, sings, sang, sung, singing : Str) -> Verb
+     = \sing, sings, sang, sung, singing -> {
+       s = table {
+         Inf => sing ;
+	 Pres3Sg => sings ;
+	 Past => sang ;
+	 PastPart => sung ;
+	 PresPart => singing
+         }
+       } ;
+
+   regVerb : (walk : Str) -> Verb
+     = \walk ->
+       mkVerb walk (walk + "s") (walk + "ed")
+                   (walk + "ed")  (walk + "ing") ;
+
+   smartVerb : (verb : Str) -> Verb
+     = \verb -> case verb of {
+         b + ("a" | "e" | "o" | "u") + "y" => regVerb verb ;
+	 cr + "y" => mkVerb verb (cr + "ies")
+	               (cr + "ied") (cr + "ied") (cr + "ying") ;
+         us + "e" => let used = us + "ed" in
+	             mkVerb verb (verb + "s") used used (us + "ing") ;
+         wa + ("ch" | "sh" | "s" | "z" | "x") =>
+	     mkVerb verb (verb + "es") (verb + "ed") (verb + "ed")
+	       (verb + "ing") ; 
+         _ => regVerb verb
+         } ;
+
+    irregVerb : (sing, sang, sung : Str) -> Verb
+      = \sing, sang, sung -> {s =
+        table {
+	  Past => sang ;
+	  PastPart => sung ;
+	  x => (smartVerb sing).s ! x
+	  }
+	} ;
+
+
+-- lexicon
+
+  dog_N = mkNoun "dog" "dogs" ;
+  girl_N = mkNoun "girl" "girls" ;
+  house_N = regNoun "house" ;
+
+
+
+
+}

lectures/lecture04/MicroLangMyeng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract
+
+concrete MicroLangMyeng of MicroLang = open MicroResMyeng, Prelude in {
+
+  lincat
+    V = Verb ;
+    V2 = Verb2 ;
+    A = Adjective ;
+    N = Noun ;
+    Adv = Adverb ;
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+---------------- Lexicon part -----------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+lin already_Adv = mkAdv "already" ;
+lin animal_N = mkN "animal" ;
+lin apple_N = mkN "apple" ;
+lin baby_N = mkN "baby" ;
+lin bad_A = mkA "bad" ;
+lin beer_N = mkN "beer" ;
+lin big_A = mkA "big" ;
+lin bike_N = mkN "bike" ;
+lin bird_N = mkN "bird" ;
+lin black_A = mkA "black" ;
+lin blood_N = mkN "blood" ;
+lin blue_A = mkA "blue" ;
+lin boat_N = mkN "boat" ;
+lin book_N = mkN "book" ;
+lin boy_N = mkN "boy" ;
+lin bread_N = mkN "bread" ;
+lin break_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "break" "broke" "broken") ;
+lin buy_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "buy" "bought" "bought") ;
+lin car_N = mkN "car" ;
+lin cat_N = mkN "cat" ;
+lin child_N = mkN "child" "children" ;
+lin city_N = mkN "city" ;
+lin clean_A = mkA "clean" ;
+lin clever_A = mkA "clever" ;
+lin cloud_N = mkN "cloud" ;
+lin cold_A = mkA "cold" ;
+lin come_V = mkV "come" "came" "come" ;
+lin computer_N = mkN "computer" ;
+lin cow_N = mkN "cow" ;
+lin dirty_A = mkA "dirty" ;
+lin dog_N = mkN "dog" ;
+lin drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "drink" "drank" "drunk") ;
+lin eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "eat" "ate" "eaten") ;
+lin find_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "find" "found" "found") ;
+lin fire_N = mkN "fire" ;
+lin fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
+lin flower_N = mkN "flower" ;
+lin friend_N = mkN "friend" ;
+lin girl_N = mkN "girl" ;
+lin good_A = mkA "good" ;
+lin go_V = mkV "go" "goes" "went" "gone" "going" ;
+lin grammar_N = mkN "grammar" ;
+lin green_A = mkA "green" ;
+lin heavy_A = mkA "heavy" ;
+lin horse_N = mkN "horse" ;
+lin hot_A = mkA "hot" ;
+lin house_N = mkN "house" ;
+-- lin john_PN = mkPN "John" ;
+lin jump_V = mkV "jump" ;
+lin kill_V2 = mkV2 "kill" ;
+-- lin know_VS = mkVS (mkV "know" "knew" "known") ;
+lin language_N = mkN "language" ;
+lin live_V = mkV "live" ;
+lin love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
+lin man_N = mkN "man" "men" ;
+lin milk_N = mkN "milk" ;
+lin music_N = mkN "music" ;
+lin new_A = mkA "new" ;
+lin now_Adv = mkAdv "now" ;
+lin old_A = mkA "old" ;
+-- lin paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" ;
+lin play_V = mkV "play" ;
+lin read_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "read" "read" "read") ;
+lin ready_A = mkA "ready" ;
+lin red_A = mkA "red" ;
+lin river_N = mkN "river" ;
+lin run_V = mkV "run" "runs" "ran" "run" "running" ;
+lin sea_N = mkN "sea" ;
+lin see_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "see" "saw" "seen") ;
+lin ship_N = mkN "ship" ;
+lin sleep_V = mkV "sleep" "slept" "slept" ;
+lin small_A = mkA "small" ;
+lin star_N = mkN "star" ;
+lin swim_V = mkV "swim" "swims" "swam" "swum" "swimming" ;
+lin teach_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "teach" "taught" "taught") ;
+lin train_N = mkN "train" ;
+lin travel_V = mkV "travel" ;
+lin tree_N = mkN "tree" ;
+lin understand_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "understand" "understood" "understood") ;
+lin wait_V2 = mkV2 "wait" "for" ;
+lin walk_V = mkV "walk" ;
+lin warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
+lin water_N = mkN "water" ;
+lin white_A = mkA "white" ;
+lin wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
+lin woman_N = mkN "woman" "women" ;
+lin yellow_A = mkA "yellow" ;
+lin young_A = mkA "young" ;
+
+}

lectures/lecture04/MicroResMyeng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+resource MicroResMyeng = {
+
+------------------------------
+-- API: overloaded paradigms
+
+oper
+  mkN = overload {
+    mkN : (baby : Str) -> Noun
+      = \baby -> smartNoun baby ;
+    mkN : (man, men : Str) -> Noun
+      = \man, men -> mkNoun man men ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkA : Str -> Adjective
+    = \adj -> {s = adj} ;
+    
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adverb
+    = \adv -> {s = adv} ;
+
+  mkV = overload {
+    mkV : (try : Str) -> Verb
+      = \try -> smartVerb try ;
+    mkV : (go, went, gone : Str) -> Verb
+      = \go, went, gone -> irregVerb go went gone ;
+    mkV : (sing, sings, sang, sung, singing : Str) -> Verb
+     = \sing, sings, sang, sung, singing ->
+       mkVerb sing sings sang sung singing ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkV2 = overload {
+    mkV2 : (kill : Str) -> Verb2
+      = \kill -> mkV kill ** {prep = ""} ;
+    mkV2 : (wait, for : Str) -> Verb2
+      = \wait, for -> mkV wait ** {prep = for} ;
+    mkV2 : Verb -> Verb2
+      = \verb -> verb ** {prep = ""} ;
+    } ;
+    
+  
+
+------------------------------
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  VerbForm = Inf | Pres3Sg | Past | PastPart | PresPart ;
+
+oper
+  Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- constructor
+  mkNoun : (dog, dogs : Str) -> Noun
+    = \dog, dogs -> {
+      s = table {Sg => dog ; Pl => dogs}
+      } ;
+
+  regNoun : (dog : Str) -> Noun
+    = \dog -> mkNoun dog (dog + "s") ;
+
+  smartNoun : (noun : Str) -> Noun
+    = \noun -> case noun of {
+       b + ("a" | "e" | "o" | "u") + "y" => regNoun noun ;
+       bab + "y" => mkNoun noun (bab + "ies") ;
+       _ => regNoun noun
+      } ;
+
+  Adjective : Type = {s : Str} ;
+
+  Adverb : Type = {s : Str} ;
+
+  Verb : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str} ;
+  
+  -- constructor; worst case paradigm
+  mkVerb : (sing, sings, sang, sung, singing : Str) -> Verb
+     = \sing, sings, sang, sung, singing -> {
+       s = table {
+         Inf => sing ;
+	 Pres3Sg => sings ;
+	 Past => sang ;
+	 PastPart => sung ;
+	 PresPart => singing
+         }
+       } ;
+
+   regVerb : (walk : Str) -> Verb
+     = \walk ->
+       mkVerb walk (walk + "s") (walk + "ed")
+                   (walk + "ed")  (walk + "ing") ;
+
+   smartVerb : (verb : Str) -> Verb
+     = \verb -> case verb of {
+         b + ("a" | "e" | "o" | "u") + "y" => regVerb verb ;
+	 cr + "y" => mkVerb verb (cr + "ies")
+	               (cr + "ied") (cr + "ied") (cr + "ying") ;
+         refer + "ee" => let refereed = refer + "eed" in
+	             mkVerb verb (verb + "s") refereed refereed (verb + "ing") ;
+         us + "e" => let used = us + "ed" in
+	             mkVerb verb (verb + "s") used used (us + "ing") ;
+         wa + ("ch" | "sh" | "s" | "z" | "x") =>
+	     mkVerb verb (verb + "es") (verb + "ed") (verb + "ed")
+	       (verb + "ing") ; 
+         _ => regVerb verb
+         } ;
+
+    irregVerb : (sing, sang, sung : Str) -> Verb
+      = \sing, sang, sung -> {s =
+        table {
+	  Past => sang ;
+	  PastPart => sung ;
+	  x => (smartVerb sing).s ! x
+	  }
+	} ;
+
+  Verb2 : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str ; prep : Str} ;
+
+}

lectures/lecture05/MicroLangMyeng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract
+
+concrete MicroLangMyeng of MicroLang = open MicroResMyeng, Prelude in {
+
+  lincat
+    Utt = {s : Str} ;
+    S = {s : Str} ;
+
+    NP = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    VP = {s : Number => Str} ;
+    CN = {s : Number => Str} ;
+    Comp = {s : Str} ;
+    AP = {s : Str} ;
+    Det = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    Prep = {s : Str} ;
+    Pron = {s : Case => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    
+    V = Verb ;
+    V2 = Verb2 ;
+    A = Adjective ;
+    N = Noun ;
+    Adv = Adverb ;
+
+lin
+    UttS s = s ;
+    UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Nom} ;
+
+    PredVPS np vp = {s = np.s ! Nom ++ vp.s ! np.n} ;
+
+-- Verb
+    UseV verb = {s = \\n => presentVerb verb n} ;
+
+    ComplV2 verb np = {s = \\n => presentVerb verb n ++ verb.prep ++ np.s ! Acc} ;
+
+    UseComp comp = {s = \\n => copula n ++ comp.s} ;
+    CompAP ap = ap ;
+    AdvVP vp adv = {s = \\n => vp.s ! n ++ adv.s} ;
+
+-- Noun
+    DetCN det cn = {s = \\c => det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ; n = det.n} ;
+    UsePron pron = pron ;
+
+    a_Det = {s = "a" ; n = Sg} ;
+    aPl_Det = {s = "" ; n = Pl} ;
+    the_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Sg} ;
+    thePl_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Pl} ;
+    UseN noun = noun ;
+    AdjCN ap cn = {s = \\n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! n} ;
+
+-- Adjective
+    PositA adj = adj ;
+
+{-
+-- Adverb
+    PrepNP    : Prep -> NP -> Adv ;     -- in the house
+
+-- Structural
+    in_Prep   : Prep ;
+    on_Prep   : Prep ;
+    with_Prep : Prep ;
+-}
+    he_Pron = {s = table {Nom => "he" ; Acc => "him"} ; n = Sg} ;
+    she_Pron = {s = table {Nom => "she" ; Acc => "her"} ; n = Sg} ;
+    they_Pron = {s = table {Nom => "they" ; Acc => "them"} ; n = Pl} ;
+ 
+
+-----------------------------------------------------
+---------------- Lexicon part -----------------------
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+lin already_Adv = mkAdv "already" ;
+lin animal_N = mkN "animal" ;
+lin apple_N = mkN "apple" ;
+lin baby_N = mkN "baby" ;
+lin bad_A = mkA "bad" ;
+lin beer_N = mkN "beer" ;
+lin big_A = mkA "big" ;
+lin bike_N = mkN "bike" ;
+lin bird_N = mkN "bird" ;
+lin black_A = mkA "black" ;
+lin blood_N = mkN "blood" ;
+lin blue_A = mkA "blue" ;
+lin boat_N = mkN "boat" ;
+lin book_N = mkN "book" ;
+lin boy_N = mkN "boy" ;
+lin bread_N = mkN "bread" ;
+lin break_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "break" "broke" "broken") ;
+lin buy_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "buy" "bought" "bought") ;
+lin car_N = mkN "car" ;
+lin cat_N = mkN "cat" ;
+lin child_N = mkN "child" "children" ;
+lin city_N = mkN "city" ;
+lin clean_A = mkA "clean" ;
+lin clever_A = mkA "clever" ;
+lin cloud_N = mkN "cloud" ;
+lin cold_A = mkA "cold" ;
+lin come_V = mkV "come" "came" "come" ;
+lin computer_N = mkN "computer" ;
+lin cow_N = mkN "cow" ;
+lin dirty_A = mkA "dirty" ;
+lin dog_N = mkN "dog" ;
+lin drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "drink" "drank" "drunk") ;
+lin eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "eat" "ate" "eaten") ;
+lin find_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "find" "found" "found") ;
+lin fire_N = mkN "fire" ;
+lin fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
+lin flower_N = mkN "flower" ;
+lin friend_N = mkN "friend" ;
+lin girl_N = mkN "girl" ;
+lin good_A = mkA "good" ;
+lin go_V = mkV "go" "goes" "went" "gone" "going" ;
+lin grammar_N = mkN "grammar" ;
+lin green_A = mkA "green" ;
+lin heavy_A = mkA "heavy" ;
+lin horse_N = mkN "horse" ;
+lin hot_A = mkA "hot" ;
+lin house_N = mkN "house" ;
+-- lin john_PN = mkPN "John" ;
+lin jump_V = mkV "jump" ;
+lin kill_V2 = mkV2 "kill" ;
+-- lin know_VS = mkVS (mkV "know" "knew" "known") ;
+lin language_N = mkN "language" ;
+lin live_V = mkV "live" ;
+lin love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
+lin man_N = mkN "man" "men" ;
+lin milk_N = mkN "milk" ;
+lin music_N = mkN "music" ;
+lin new_A = mkA "new" ;
+lin now_Adv = mkAdv "now" ;
+lin old_A = mkA "old" ;
+-- lin paris_PN = mkPN "Paris" ;
+lin play_V = mkV "play" ;
+lin read_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "read" "read" "read") ;
+lin ready_A = mkA "ready" ;
+lin red_A = mkA "red" ;
+lin river_N = mkN "river" ;
+lin run_V = mkV "run" "runs" "ran" "run" "running" ;
+lin sea_N = mkN "sea" ;
+lin see_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "see" "saw" "seen") ;
+lin ship_N = mkN "ship" ;
+lin sleep_V = mkV "sleep" "slept" "slept" ;
+lin small_A = mkA "small" ;
+lin star_N = mkN "star" ;
+lin swim_V = mkV "swim" "swims" "swam" "swum" "swimming" ;
+lin teach_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "teach" "taught" "taught") ;
+lin train_N = mkN "train" ;
+lin travel_V = mkV "travel" ;
+lin tree_N = mkN "tree" ;
+lin understand_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "understand" "understood" "understood") ;
+lin wait_V2 = mkV2 "wait" "for" ;
+lin walk_V = mkV "walk" ;
+lin warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
+lin water_N = mkN "water" ;
+lin white_A = mkA "white" ;
+lin wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
+lin woman_N = mkN "woman" "women" ;
+lin yellow_A = mkA "yellow" ;
+lin young_A = mkA "young" ;
+
+}

lectures/lecture05/MicroResMyeng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+resource MicroResMyeng = {
+
+------------------------------
+-- API: overloaded paradigms
+
+oper
+  mkN = overload {
+    mkN : (baby : Str) -> Noun
+      = \baby -> smartNoun baby ;
+    mkN : (man, men : Str) -> Noun
+      = \man, men -> mkNoun man men ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkA : Str -> Adjective
+    = \adj -> {s = adj} ;
+    
+  mkAdv : Str -> Adverb
+    = \adv -> {s = adv} ;
+
+  mkV = overload {
+    mkV : (try : Str) -> Verb
+      = \try -> smartVerb try ;
+    mkV : (go, went, gone : Str) -> Verb
+      = \go, went, gone -> irregVerb go went gone ;
+    mkV : (sing, sings, sang, sung, singing : Str) -> Verb
+     = \sing, sings, sang, sung, singing ->
+       mkVerb sing sings sang sung singing ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkV2 = overload {
+    mkV2 : (kill : Str) -> Verb2
+      = \kill -> mkV kill ** {prep = ""} ;
+    mkV2 : (wait, for : Str) -> Verb2
+      = \wait, for -> mkV wait ** {prep = for} ;
+    mkV2 : Verb -> Verb2
+      = \verb -> verb ** {prep = ""} ;
+    } ;
+    
+  
+
+------------------------------
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  VerbForm = Inf | Pres3Sg | Past | PastPart | PresPart ;
+
+  Case = Nom | Acc ;
+
+oper
+  Noun : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- constructor
+  mkNoun : (dog, dogs : Str) -> Noun
+    = \dog, dogs -> {
+      s = table {Sg => dog ; Pl => dogs}
+      } ;
+
+  regNoun : (dog : Str) -> Noun
+    = \dog -> mkNoun dog (dog + "s") ;
+
+  smartNoun : (noun : Str) -> Noun
+    = \noun -> case noun of {
+       b + ("a" | "e" | "o" | "u") + "y" => regNoun noun ;
+       bab + "y" => mkNoun noun (bab + "ies") ;
+       _ => regNoun noun
+      } ;
+
+  Adjective : Type = {s : Str} ;
+
+  Adverb : Type = {s : Str} ;
+
+  Verb : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str} ;
+
+  -- constructor; worst case paradigm
+  mkVerb : (sing, sings, sang, sung, singing : Str) -> Verb
+     = \sing, sings, sang, sung, singing -> {
+       s = table {
+         Inf => sing ;
+	 Pres3Sg => sings ;
+	 Past => sang ;
+	 PastPart => sung ;
+	 PresPart => singing
+         }
+       } ;
+
+   regVerb : (walk : Str) -> Verb
+     = \walk ->
+       mkVerb walk (walk + "s") (walk + "ed")
+                   (walk + "ed")  (walk + "ing") ;
+
+   smartVerb : (verb : Str) -> Verb
+     = \verb -> case verb of {
+         b + ("a" | "e" | "o" | "u") + "y" => regVerb verb ;
+	 cr + "y" => mkVerb verb (cr + "ies")
+	               (cr + "ied") (cr + "ied") (cr + "ying") ;
+         refer + "ee" => let refereed = refer + "eed" in
+	             mkVerb verb (verb + "s") refereed refereed (verb + "ing") ;
+         us + "e" => let used = us + "ed" in
+	             mkVerb verb (verb + "s") used used (us + "ing") ;
+         wa + ("ch" | "sh" | "s" | "z" | "x") =>
+	     mkVerb verb (verb + "es") (verb + "ed") (verb + "ed")
+	       (verb + "ing") ; 
+         _ => regVerb verb
+         } ;
+
+    irregVerb : (sing, sang, sung : Str) -> Verb
+      = \sing, sang, sung -> {s =
+        table {
+	  Past => sang ;
+	  PastPart => sung ;
+	  x => (smartVerb sing).s ! x
+	  }
+	} ;
+
+  Verb2 : Type = {s : VerbForm => Str ; prep : Str} ;
+
+-- auxiliary for syntax
+  presentVerb : Verb -> Number -> Str = \verb, n ->
+    case n of {
+      Sg => verb.s ! Pres3Sg ;
+      Pl => verb.s ! Inf
+      } ;
+
+  copula : Number -> Str = \n ->
+    case n of {
+      Sg => "is" ;
+      Pl => "are"
+      } ;
+
+
+}

lectures/lecture06/Foods.gf

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ abstract Foods = {
     Mod : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ;           -- (Italian) (pizza)
     Very : Quality -> Quality ;               -- very (Italian)
 
-    Wine, Cheese, Fish, Pizza : Kind ;
+    Wine, SparklingWine, Cheese, Fish, Pizza : Kind ;
 
-    Fresh, Warm, Italian, 
-      Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
+    Fresh, Warm, Italian, Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
 }

lectures/lecture06/FoodsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = open ParadigmsEng, SyntaxEng, LexiconEng in {
+  lincat
+    Quality = AP;
+    Kind = CN;
+    Item = NP ;
+    Comment = S ;
+
+  lin 
+    Pred item quality = mkS presentTense positivePol (mkCl item quality);
+    PredNeg item quality = mkS presentTense negativePol (mkCl item quality);
+    That kind = mkNP that_Det kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_Det kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_Det kind ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_Det kind ;
+    Mod quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ; 
+
+    Wine = mkCN wine_N; 
+    SparklingWine = mkCN (mkA "sparkling") wine_N ; 
+    Cheese = mkCN cheese_N ; 
+    Fish = mkCN fish_N ; 
+    Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza") ; 
+
+    Fresh = mkAP (mkA "fresh");
+    Warm = mkAP warm_A; 
+    Italian = mkAP (mkA "Italian");
+    Expensive = mkAP (mkA "expensive");
+    Delicious = mkAP (mkA "delicious");
+    Boring = mkAP (mkA "boring");
+
+}

lectures/lecture06/FoodsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = open ParadigmsIta, SyntaxIta, LexiconIta in {
+  lincat
+    Quality = AP;
+    Kind = CN;
+    Item = NP ;
+    Comment = S ;
+
+  lin 
+    Pred item quality = mkS presentTense positivePol (mkCl item quality);
+    PredNeg item quality = mkS presentTense negativePol (mkCl item quality);
+    That kind = mkNP that_Det kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_Det kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_Det kind ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_Det kind ;
+    Mod quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ; 
+
+    Wine = mkCN wine_N; 
+    SparklingWine = mkCN (mkA "effervescente") wine_N ; 
+    Cheese = mkCN cheese_N ; 
+    Fish = mkCN fish_N ; 
+    Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza") ; 
+
+    Fresh = mkAP (mkA "fresco");
+    Warm = mkAP warm_A; 
+    Italian = mkAP (mkA "Italiano");
+    Expensive = mkAP (mkA "caro");
+    Delicious = mkAP (mkA "delizioso");
+    Boring = mkAP (mkA "noioso");
+
+}

lectures/lecture06/comments.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import pgf
+
+grammar = pgf.readPGF("Foods.pgf")
+parse_lang = grammar.languages["FoodsEng"]
+
+with open("data.csv") as data:
+    lines = data.readlines()
+
+for line in lines:
+    [polarity, kind, quality] = line.split(",")
+    k = [e for (_,e) in parse_lang.parse(kind, cat=pgf.readType("Kind"))][0]
+    q = [e for (_,e) in parse_lang.parse(quality, cat=pgf.readType("Quality"))][0]
+    expr_string = "{} (This ({})) ({})".format("Pred" if polarity == "+" else "PredNeg", k, q)
+    print(expr_string)
+    expr = pgf.readExpr(expr_string)
+
+    for lin_lang in grammar.languages.values():
+        print(lin_lang.linearize(expr))
+    print()

lectures/lecture06/data.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
++,boring cheese,expensive
++,expensive wine,very boring
+-,pizza,Italian
++,fish,delicious

lectures/lecture09/more_computer_examples.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+But the most important innovation in technological development is the computer.
+In particular, the computer has changed my daily life dramatically.
+Maybe, technology will never stop advancing and our life will never work without computers.
+I work with children and the computer helps me in my job but affects it too.
+When I was a child I didn't use the computer because I didn't know what it was.
+With the introduction of the computer in our civilization we can access the Internet to communicate with our relatives and friends living abroad or far from us.

scripts/search-hangul

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bb
-
-(require '[babashka.fs :as fs]
-         '[clojure.string :as str])
-
-(doseq [f (fs/glob "lab1/grammar/korean" "**.gf")
-        [line-number line] (map-indexed (fn [i x] [i x])
-                                        (-> f str slurp str/split-lines))]
-  (when (re-find #"\p{block=HangulJamo}" line)
-    (printf "JAMO: %s:%d: %s\n" (str f) line-number line))
-  (when (re-find #"\p{block=HangulSyllables}" line)
-    (printf "SYLLABLE: %s:%d: %s\n" (str f) line-number line)))

scripts/syllables-to-jamo

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bb
-
-(require '[babashka.fs :as fs]
-         '[clojure.string :as str])
-
-(defn syllables->jamo [s]
-  "Convert Hangul syllables in string S to their jamo components."
-  (->> s
-       (map int)
-       (mapcat
-        (fn [c]
-          (if (<= 0xAC00 c 0xD7A3)
-            ;; Hangul syllable - decompose
-            (let [code (- c 0xAC00)
-                  lead (quot code (* 21 28))
-                  medial (quot (mod code (* 21 28)) 28)
-                  final (mod code 28)
-                  lead-jamo (+ 0x1100 lead)
-                  medial-jamo (+ 0x1161 medial)
-                  final-jamo (if (> final 0) (+ 0x11A7 final) nil)]
-              (remove nil? [lead-jamo medial-jamo final-jamo]))
-            ;; Not a Hangul syllable
-            [c])))
-       (map char)
-       (apply str)))
-
-
-(defn -main [& args]
-  (if (seq args)
-    (doseq [f args]
-      (let [x (-> (slurp f)
-                  (str/replace #"\p{block=HangulSyllables}+"
-                               syllables->jamo))]
-        (spit f x)))
-    (loop [line (read-line)]
-      (when line
-        (-> line
-            (str/replace #"\p{block=HangulSyllables}+"
-                         syllables->jamo)
-            println)
-        (recur (read-line))))))
-
-(when (= *file* (System/getProperty "babashka.file"))
-  (apply -main *command-line-args*))