started examples-3.0 with examples that are tested to work

examples-3.0/tutorial/calculator/Calculator.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+abstract Calculator = {
+
+  flags startcat = Prog ;
+
+  cat Prog ; Exp ; Var ;
+
+  fun
+    PEmpty : Prog ;
+    PInit  : Exp -> (Var -> Prog) -> Prog ;
+    PAss   : Var -> Exp  -> Prog  -> Prog ;
+
+    EPlus, EMinus, ETimes, EDiv : Exp -> Exp -> Exp ;
+
+    EInt : Int -> Exp ;
+    EVar : Var -> Exp ;
+
+    ex1 : Prog ;
+
+  def
+    ex1 = 
+      PInit (EPlus (EInt 2) (EInt 3)) (\x -> 
+        PInit (EPlus (EVar x) (EInt 1)) (\y -> 
+          PAss x (EPlus (EVar x) (ETimes (EInt 9) (EVar y))) PEmpty)) ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorC.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorC of Calculator = open Prelude, Formal in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevars ; unlexer=code ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Var = SS ; 
+    Exp = TermPrec ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PInit exp prog = ss ("int" ++ prog.$0 ++ "=" ++ top exp ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss (vr.s ++ "=" ++ top exp ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = infixl 0 "+" ;
+    EMinus = infixl 0 "-" ;
+    ETimes = infixl 1 "*" ;
+    EDiv   = infixl 1 "/" ;
+
+    EInt i = constant i.s ;
+    EVar x = constant x.s ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorE.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorE of Calculator = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevar ; unlexer=unwords ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Exp, Var = SS ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PInit exp prog = ss ("initialize" ++ prog.$0 ++ "as" ++ exp.s ++ PAUSE ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss ("redefine" ++ vr.s ++ "as" ++ exp.s ++ PAUSE ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = infix "plus" ;
+    EMinus = infix "minus" ;
+    ETimes = infix "times" ;
+    EDiv   = infix ["divided by"] ;
+
+    EInt i = i ;
+    EVar x = x ;
+
+  oper
+    infix : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS = \op,x,y -> 
+      ss (x.s ++ op ++ y.s ++ PAUSE) ;
+    PAUSE = "PAUSE" ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorJ.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorJ of Calculator = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevars ; unlexer=code ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Exp, Var = SS ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PInit exp prog = ss (exp.s ++ ";" ++ "istore" ++ prog.$0 ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss (exp.s ++ ";" ++ "istore" ++ vr.s ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = postfix "iadd" ;
+    EMinus = postfix "isub" ;
+    ETimes = postfix "imul" ;
+    EDiv   = postfix "idiv" ;
+
+    EInt = prefixSS "iconst" ;
+    EVar = prefixSS "iload" ;
+
+  oper
+    postfix : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS = \op,x,y -> ss (x.s ++ ";" ++ y.s ++ ";" ++ op) ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/calculator/CalculatorP.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete CalculatorP of Calculator = open Prelude in {
+
+  flags lexer=codevars ; unlexer=code ;
+
+  lincat 
+    Prog, Var = SS ; 
+    Exp = SS ;
+
+  lin
+    PEmpty = ss [] ;
+    PDecl exp prog = ss ("int" ++ prog.$0 ++ "=" ++ exp.s ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+    PAss vr exp prog = ss (vr.s ++ "=" ++ exp.s ++ ";" ++ prog.s) ;
+
+    EPlus  = infix "+" ;
+    EMinus = infix "-" ;
+    ETimes = infix "*" ;
+    EDiv   = infix "/" ;
+
+    EInt i = i ;
+    EVar x = x ;
+
+  oper
+    infix : Str -> SS -> SS -> SS = \f,x,y -> 
+      ss ("(" ++ x.s ++ f ++ y.s ++ ")") ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/food/Food.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+abstract Food = {
+
+  cat
+    Phrase ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ;
+
+  flags startcat = Phrase ;
+
+  fun
+    Is : Item -> Quality -> Phrase ;
+    This, That : Kind -> Item ;
+    QKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ;
+    Wine, Cheese, Fish : Kind ;
+    Very : Quality -> Quality ;
+    Fresh, Warm, Italian, Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/food/FoodEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+concrete FoodEng of Food = {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase, Item, Kind, Quality = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = {s = item.s ++ "is" ++ quality.s} ;
+    This kind = {s = "this" ++ kind.s} ;
+    That kind = {s = "that" ++ kind.s} ;
+    QKind quality kind = {s = quality.s ++ kind.s} ;
+    Wine = {s = "wine"} ;
+    Cheese = {s = "cheese"} ;
+    Fish = {s = "fish"} ;
+    Very quality = {s = "very" ++ quality.s} ;
+    Fresh = {s = "fresh"} ;
+    Warm = {s = "warm"} ;
+    Italian = {s = "Italian"} ;
+    Expensive = {s = "expensive"} ;
+    Delicious = {s = "delicious"} ;
+    Boring = {s = "boring"} ;
+
+}
+    

examples-3.0/tutorial/food/FoodIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+concrete FoodIta of Food = {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase, Item, Kind, Quality = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = {s = item.s ++ "è" ++ quality.s} ;
+    This kind = {s = "questo" ++ kind.s} ;
+    That kind = {s = "quello" ++ kind.s} ;
+    QKind quality kind = {s = kind.s ++ quality.s} ;
+    Wine = {s = "vino"} ;
+    Cheese = {s = "formaggio"} ;
+    Fish = {s = "pesce"} ;
+    Very quality = {s = "molto" ++ quality.s} ;
+    Fresh = {s = "fresco"} ;
+    Warm = {s = "caldo"} ;
+    Italian = {s = "italiano"} ;
+    Expensive = {s = "caro"} ;
+    Delicious = {s = "delizioso"} ;
+    Boring = {s = "noioso"} ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/foods/Foods.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+abstract Foods = {
+
+  flags startcat=Phrase ;
+
+  cat
+    Phrase ; Item ; Kind ; Quality ;
+
+  fun
+    Is : Item -> Quality -> Phrase ;
+    This, That, These, Those : Kind -> Item ;
+    QKind : Quality -> Kind -> Kind ;
+    Wine, Cheese, Fish, Pizza : Kind ;
+    Very : Quality -> Quality ;
+    Fresh, Warm, Italian, Expensive, Delicious, Boring : Quality ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/foods/FoodsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase, Quality = SS ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = ss (item.s ++ copula ! item.n ++ quality.s) ;
+    This  = det Sg "this" ;
+    That  = det Sg "that" ;
+    These = det Pl "these" ;
+    Those = det Pl "those" ;
+    QKind quality kind = {s = \\n => quality.s ++ kind.s ! n} ;
+    Wine = regNoun "wine" ;
+    Cheese = regNoun "cheese" ;
+    Fish = noun "fish" "fish" ;
+    Pizza = regNoun "pizza" ;
+    Very = prefixSS "very" ;
+    Fresh = ss "fresh" ;
+    Warm = ss "warm" ;
+    Italian = ss "Italian" ;
+    Expensive = ss "expensive" ;
+    Delicious = ss "delicious" ;
+    Boring = ss "boring" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} -> {s : Str ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,d,cn -> {
+        s = d ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \man,men -> {s = table {
+        Sg => man ;
+        Pl => men 
+        }
+      } ;
+    regNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = 
+      \car -> noun car (car + "s") ;
+    copula : Number => Str = 
+      table {
+        Sg => "is" ;
+        Pl => "are"
+        } ;
+}
+    

examples-3.0/tutorial/foods/FoodsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = open Prelude in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phrase = SS ; 
+    Quality = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ; 
+    Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+    Item = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ; 
+
+  lin
+    Is item quality = 
+      ss (item.s ++ copula item.n ++ quality.s ! item.g ! item.n) ;
+    This  = det Sg "questo" "questa" ;
+    That  = det Sg "quello" "quella" ;
+    These = det Pl "questi" "queste" ;
+    Those = det Pl "quelli" "quelle" ;
+    QKind quality kind = {
+      s = \\n => kind.s ! n ++ quality.s ! kind.g ! n ;
+      g = kind.g
+      } ;
+    Wine = noun "vino" "vini" Masc ;
+    Cheese = noun "formaggio" "formaggi" Masc ;
+    Fish = noun "pesce" "pesci" Masc ;
+    Pizza = noun "pizza" "pizze" Fem ;
+    Very qual = {s = \\g,n => "molto" ++ qual.s ! g ! n} ;
+    Fresh = adjective "fresco" "fresca" "freschi" "fresche" ;
+    Warm = regAdj "caldo" ;
+    Italian = regAdj "italiano" ;
+    Expensive = regAdj "caro" ;
+    Delicious = regAdj "delizioso" ;
+    Boring = regAdj "noioso" ;
+
+  param
+    Number = Sg | Pl ;
+    Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+
+  oper
+    det : Number -> Str -> Str -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} -> 
+        {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} = 
+      \n,m,f,cn -> {
+        s = case cn.g of {Masc => m ; Fem => f} ++ cn.s ! n ;
+        g = cn.g ;
+        n = n
+      } ;
+    noun : Str -> Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = 
+      \man,men,g -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => man ;
+          Pl => men 
+          } ;
+        g = g
+      } ;
+    adjective : (_,_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = 
+      \nero,nera,neri,nere -> {
+        s = table {
+          Masc => table {
+            Sg => nero ;
+            Pl => neri
+            } ; 
+          Fem => table {
+            Sg => nera ;
+            Pl => nere
+            }
+          }
+      } ;
+    regAdj : Str -> {s : Gender => Number => Str} = \nero ->
+      let ner = init nero 
+      in adjective nero (ner + "a") (ner + "i") (ner + "e") ;
+
+    copula : Number -> Str = 
+      \n -> case n of {
+        Sg => "è" ;
+        Pl => "sono"
+        } ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/hello/Hello.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+abstract Hello = {
+
+  cat Greeting ; Recipient ;
+
+  flags startcat = Greeting ;
+
+  fun 
+    Hello : Recipient -> Greeting ;
+    World, Mum, Friends : Recipient ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/hello/HelloEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete HelloEng of Hello = {
+
+  lincat Greeting, Recipient = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin 
+    Hello rec = {s = "hello" ++ rec.s} ;
+    World = {s = "world"} ;
+    Mum = {s = "mum"} ;
+    Friends = {s = "friends"} ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/hello/HelloFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete HelloFin of Hello = {
+
+  lincat Greeting, Recipient = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin 
+    Hello rec = {s = "terve" ++ rec.s} ;
+    World = {s = "maailma"} ;
+    Mum = {s = "äiti"} ;
+    Friends = {s = "ystävät"} ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/hello/HelloIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+concrete HelloIta of Hello = {
+
+  lincat Greeting, Recipient = {s : Str} ;
+
+  lin 
+    Hello rec = {s = "ciao" ++ rec.s} ;
+    World = {s = "mondo"} ;
+    Mum = {s = "mamma"} ;
+    Friends = {s = "amici"} ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/hello/hello.gfs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import HelloEng.gf
+import HelloFin.gf
+import HelloIta.gf
+linearize Hello World

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoods.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+abstract ExtFoods = Foods ** {
+
+  flags startcat=Move ;
+
+  cat
+    Move ;      -- declarative, question, or imperative
+    Verb ;      -- transitive verb
+    Guest ;     -- guest in restaurant
+    GuestKind ; -- type of guest
+
+  fun
+    MAssert : Phrase -> Move ;  -- This pizza is warm.
+    MDeny : Phrase -> Move ;    -- This pizza isn't warm.
+    MAsk : Phrase -> Move ;     -- Is this pizza warm?
+
+    PVerb : Guest -> Verb -> Item -> Phrase ;     -- we eat this pizza
+    PVerbWant : Guest -> Verb -> Item -> Phrase ; -- we want to eat this pizza
+
+    WhichVerb : Kind -> Guest -> Verb -> Move ; -- Which pizza do you eat?
+    WhichVerbWant : Kind -> Guest -> Verb -> Move ;
+                                        -- Which pizza do you want to eat?
+    WhichIs : Kind -> Quality -> Move ; -- Which wine is Italian? 
+
+    Do : Verb -> Item -> Move ;       -- Pay this wine!
+    DoPlease : Verb -> Item -> Move ; -- Pay this wine please!
+
+    I, You, We : Guest ;
+
+    GThis, GThat, GThese, GThose : GuestKind -> Guest ;
+    
+    Eat, Drink, Pay : Verb ;
+
+    Lady, Gentleman : GuestKind ;
+    
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete ExtFoodsEng of ExtFoods = FoodsEni ** ExtFoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxEng),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsEng) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete ExtFoodsFin of ExtFoods = FoodsFin ** ExtFoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxFin),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsFin) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete ExtFoodsGer of ExtFoods = FoodsGer ** ExtFoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsGer) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/ExtFoodsI.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+incomplete concrete ExtFoodsI of ExtFoods = FoodsI ** open Syntax, LexFoods in {
+
+  flags lexer=text ; unlexer=text ;
+
+  lincat
+    Move = Text ;
+    Verb = V2 ;
+    Guest = NP ;
+    GuestKind = CN ;
+  lin
+    MAssert p = mkText (mkS p) ;
+    MDeny p = mkText (mkS negativePol p) ;
+    MAsk p = mkText (mkQS p) ;
+
+    PVerb = mkCl ;
+    PVerbWant guest verb item = mkCl guest want_VV (mkVP verb item) ;
+
+    WhichVerb kind guest verb = 
+      mkText (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichSg_IDet kind) guest verb)) ;
+    WhichVerbWant kind guest verb = 
+      mkText (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichSg_IDet kind) 
+        (mkClSlash guest want_VV verb))) ;
+    WhichIs kind quality = 
+      mkText (mkQS (mkQCl (mkIP whichSg_IDet kind) (mkVP quality))) ;
+
+    Do verb item = 
+      mkText 
+        (mkPhr (mkUtt politeImpForm (mkImp verb item))) exclMarkPunct ;
+    DoPlease verb item = 
+      mkText 
+        (mkPhr (mkUtt politeImpForm (mkImp verb item)) please_Voc) 
+        exclMarkPunct ;
+
+    I = mkNP i_Pron ;
+    You = mkNP youPol_Pron ;
+    We = mkNP we_Pron ;
+
+    GThis = mkNP this_QuantSg ;
+    GThat = mkNP that_QuantSg ;
+    GThese = mkNP these_QuantPl ;
+    GThose = mkNP those_QuantPl ;
+
+    Eat = eat_V2 ;
+    Drink = drink_V2 ;
+    Pay = pay_V2 ;
+    Lady = mkCN lady_N ;
+    Gentleman = mkCN gentleman_N ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEng of Foods = open SyntaxEng,ParadigmsEng in {
+  lincat
+    Phrase = Cl ; 
+    Item = NP ;
+    Kind = CN ;
+    Quality = AP ;
+  lin
+    Is item quality = mkCl item quality ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_QuantSg kind ;
+    That kind = mkNP that_QuantSg kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_QuantPl kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_QuantPl kind ;
+    QKind quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Wine = mkCN (mkN "wine") ;
+    Pizza = mkCN (mkN "pizza") ;
+    Cheese = mkCN (mkN "cheese") ;
+    Fish = mkCN (mkN "fish" "fish") ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+    Fresh = mkAP (mkA "fresh") ;
+    Warm = mkAP (mkA "warm") ;
+    Italian = mkAP (mkA "Italian") ;
+    Expensive = mkAP (mkA "expensive") ;
+    Delicious = mkAP (mkA "delicious") ;
+    Boring = mkAP (mkA "boring") ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsEni.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsEni of Foods = FoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxEng),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsEng) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsFin of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxFin),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsFin) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsFre of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxFre),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsFre) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsGer of Foods = FoodsI with 
+    (Syntax = SyntaxGer),
+    (LexFoods = LexFoodsGer) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsI.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+incomplete concrete FoodsI of Foods = open Syntax, LexFoods in {
+  lincat
+    Phrase = Cl ; 
+    Item = NP ;
+    Kind = CN ;
+    Quality = AP ;
+  lin
+    Is item quality = mkCl item quality ;
+    This kind = mkNP this_QuantSg kind ;
+    That kind = mkNP that_QuantSg kind ;
+    These kind = mkNP these_QuantPl kind ;
+    Those kind = mkNP those_QuantPl kind ;
+    QKind quality kind = mkCN quality kind ;
+    Very quality = mkAP very_AdA quality ;
+
+    Wine = mkCN wine_N ;
+    Pizza = mkCN pizza_N ;
+    Cheese = mkCN cheese_N ;
+    Fish = mkCN fish_N ;
+    Fresh = mkAP fresh_A ;
+    Warm = mkAP warm_A ;
+    Italian = mkAP italian_A ;
+    Expensive = mkAP expensive_A ;
+    Delicious = mkAP delicious_A ;
+    Boring = mkAP boring_A ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/FoodsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+concrete FoodsIta of Foods = FoodsI with 
+  (Syntax = SyntaxIta),
+  (LexFoods = LexFoodsIta) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoods.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+interface LexFoods = open Syntax in {
+  oper
+    wine_N : N ;
+    pizza_N : N ;
+    cheese_N : N ;
+    fish_N : N ;
+    fresh_A : A ;
+    warm_A : A ;
+    italian_A : A ;
+    expensive_A : A ;
+    delicious_A : A ;
+    boring_A : A ;
+
+    eat_V2 : V2 ;
+    drink_V2 : V2 ;
+    pay_V2 : V2 ;
+    lady_N : N ;
+    gentleman_N : N ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexFoodsEng of LexFoods = open SyntaxEng, ParadigmsEng, IrregEng in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "cheese" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresh" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "Italian" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "expensive" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delicious" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "boring" ;
+
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 eat_V ;
+    drink_V2 = mkV2 drink_V ;
+    pay_V2 = mkV2 pay_V ;
+    lady_N = mkN "lady" ;
+    gentleman_N = mkN "gentleman" "gentlemen" ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFin.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexFoodsFin of LexFoods = open SyntaxFin, ParadigmsFin in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "viini" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "juusto" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "kala" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "tuore" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "lämmin" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italialainen" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "kallis" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "herkullinen" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "tylsä" ;
+
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "syödä") partitive ;
+    drink_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "juoda") partitive ;
+    pay_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "maksaa") ;
+    lady_N = mkN "rouva" ;
+    gentleman_N = mkN "herra" ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+instance LexFoodsFre of LexFoods = open SyntaxFre,ParadigmsFre in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vin" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" feminine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "fromage" masculine ;
+    fish_N = mkN "poisson" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "frais" "fraîche" "frais" "fraîches";
+    warm_A = mkA "chaud" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italien" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "cher" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "délicieux" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "ennuyeux" ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsGer.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+instance LexFoodsGer of LexFoods = open SyntaxGer, ParadigmsGer, IrregGer in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "Wein" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "Pizza" "Pizzen" feminine ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "Käse" "Käsen" masculine ;
+    fish_N = mkN "Fisch" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "frisch" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" "wärmer" "wärmste" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italienisch" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "teuer" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "köstlich" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "langweilig" ;
+
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 essen_V ;
+    drink_V2 = mkV2 trinken_V ;
+    pay_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "bezahlen") ;
+    lady_N = mkN "Frau" "Frauen" feminine ;
+    gentleman_N = mkN "Herr" "Herren" masculine ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/resource-foods/LexFoodsIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+--# -path=.:../foods:present:prelude
+
+instance LexFoodsIta of LexFoods = open SyntaxIta, ParadigmsIta in {
+  oper
+    wine_N = mkN "vino" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "formaggio" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "pesce" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresco" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "caldo" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "italiano" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "caro" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delizioso" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "noioso" ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/House.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+abstract House = {
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+cat 
+  Utterance ; 
+  Command ; 
+  Question ; 
+  Kind ; 
+  Action Kind ; 
+  Device Kind ; 
+  Location ;
+
+fun
+  UCommand  : Command -> Utterance ;
+  UQuestion : Question -> Utterance ;
+
+  CAction : (k : Kind) -> Action k -> Device k -> Command ;
+  QAction : (k : Kind) -> Action k -> Device k -> Question ;
+
+  DKindOne  : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DKindMany : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DLoc  : (k : Kind) -> Device k -> Location -> Device k ;
+
+  light, fan : Kind ;
+
+  switchOn, switchOff : (k : Kind) -> Action k ;
+
+  dim : Action light ;
+
+  kitchen, livingRoom : Location ;
+  
+
+}
+

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/HouseEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete HouseEng of House = open Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  VForm = VImp | VPart ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = SS ;
+  Command = SS ;
+  Question = SS ;
+  Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+  Action = {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} ;
+  Device = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Location = SS ;
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = c ;
+  UQuestion q = q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = ss (act.s ! VImp ++ bothWays act.part dev.s) ;
+  QAction _ act dev = ss (be dev.n ++ dev.s ++ act.s ! VPart ++ act.part) ;
+
+  DKindOne  k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Sg ; 
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  DKindMany k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Pl ; 
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = {
+    s = dev.s ++ "in" ++ "the" ++ loc.s ; 
+    n = dev.n
+    } ;
+
+  light = mkNoun "light" ;
+  fan = mkNoun "fan" ;
+
+  switchOn _ = mkVerb "switch" "switched" "on" ;
+  switchOff _ = mkVerb "switch" "switched" "off" ;
+
+  dim = mkVerb "dim" "dimmed" [] ;
+
+  kitchen = ss "kitchen" ;
+  livingRoom = ss ["living room"] ;
+  
+oper
+  mkNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = \dog -> {
+    s = table {
+      Sg => dog ;
+      Pl => dog + "s"
+      }
+    } ;
+  
+  mkVerb : (_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} = \go,gone,away -> {
+    s = table {
+      VImp => go ;
+      VPart => gone
+      } ;
+    part = away
+    } ;
+
+  be : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+    Sg => "is" ;
+    Pl => "are"
+    } ;
+
+
+}
+

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/LexSmart.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+interface LexSmart = open Syntax in {
+
+oper
+  dim_V2 : V2 ;
+  fan_N : N ;
+  kitchen_N : N ;
+  light_N : N ;
+  livingRoom_N : N ;
+  switchOff_V2 : V2 ;
+  switchOn_V2 : V2 ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/LexSmartSwe.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+instance LexSmartSwe of LexSmart = open SyntaxSwe, ParadigmsSwe in {
+
+oper
+  dim_V2 = mkV2 "dämpa" ;
+  fan_N = mkN "fläkt" ;
+  kitchen_N = mkN "kök" neutrum ;
+  light_N = mkN "lampa" ;
+  livingRoom_N = mkN "vardagsrum" "vardagsrummet" "vardagsrum" "vardagsrummen" ;
+  switchOff_V2 = mkV2 "släcker" ;
+  switchOn_V2 = mkV2 "tänder" ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/Smart.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+abstract Smart = {
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+cat 
+  Utterance ; 
+  Command ; 
+  Question ; 
+  Kind ; 
+  Action Kind ; 
+  Device Kind ; 
+  Location ;
+
+  Switchable Kind ;
+  Dimmable Kind ;
+  Statelike (k : Kind) (Action k) ;
+
+fun
+  UCommand  : Command -> Utterance ;
+  UQuestion : Question -> Utterance ;
+
+  CAction : (k : Kind) -> Action k -> Device k -> Command ;
+  QAction : (k : Kind) -> (a : Action k) -> Statelike k a -> Device k -> Question ;
+
+  DKindOne  : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DKindMany : (k : Kind) -> Device k ;
+  DLoc  : (k : Kind) -> Device k -> Location -> Device k ;
+
+  light, fan : Kind ;
+
+  switchOn, switchOff : (k : Kind) -> Switchable k -> Action k ;
+
+  dim : (k : Kind) -> Dimmable k -> Action k ;
+
+  kitchen, livingRoom : Location ;
+
+-- proof objects
+
+  switchable_light : Switchable light ;
+  switchable_fan : Switchable fan ;
+  dimmable_light : Dimmable light ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn  : (k : Kind) -> (s : Switchable k) -> Statelike k (switchOn k s) ;
+  statelike_switchOff : (k : Kind) -> (s : Switchable k) -> Statelike k (switchOff k s) ;
+
+}
+

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/SmartEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete SmartEng of Smart = open Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  VForm = VImp | VPart ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = SS ;
+  Command = SS ;
+  Question = SS ;
+  Kind = {s : Number => Str} ; 
+  Action = {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} ;
+  Device = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+  Location = SS ;
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = c ;
+  UQuestion q = q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = ss (act.s ! VImp ++ bothWays act.part dev.s) ;
+  QAction _ act st dev = ss (be dev.n ++ dev.s ++ act.s ! VPart ++ act.part ++ st.s) ;
+
+  DKindOne  k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Sg ; 
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  DKindMany k = {
+    s = "the" ++ k.s ! Pl ; 
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = {
+    s = dev.s ++ "in" ++ "the" ++ loc.s ; 
+    n = dev.n
+    } ;
+
+  light = mkNoun "light" ;
+  fan = mkNoun "fan" ;
+
+  switchOn _ _ = mkVerb "switch" "swithced" "on" ;
+  switchOff _ _ = mkVerb "switch" "swithced" "off" ;
+
+  dim _ _ = mkVerb "dim" "dimmed" [] ;
+
+  kitchen = ss "kitchen" ;
+  livingRoom = ss ["living room"] ;
+  
+oper
+  mkNoun : Str -> {s : Number => Str} = \dog -> {
+    s = table {
+      Sg => dog ;
+      Pl => dog + "s"
+      }
+    } ;
+  
+  mkVerb : (_,_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str ; part : Str} = \go,gone,away -> {
+    s = table {
+      VImp => go ;
+      VPart => gone
+      } ;
+    part = away
+    } ;
+
+  be : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+    Sg => "is" ;
+    Pl => "are"
+    } ;
+
+  hidden : SS = ss [] ;
+lin
+  switchable_light = hidden ;
+  switchable_fan = hidden ;
+  dimmable_light = hidden ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn _ _ = hidden ;
+  statelike_switchOff _ _ = hidden ;
+
+}
+

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/SmartFre.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete SmartFre of Smart = open Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+param
+  Number = Sg | Pl ;
+  Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+  VForm  = VInf | VPart Gender Number ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = SS ;
+  Command = SS ;
+  Question = SS ;
+  Kind = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+  Action = {s : VForm => Str} ;
+  Device = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+  Location = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = c ;
+  UQuestion q = q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = ss (act.s ! VInf ++ dev.s) ;
+  QAction _ act st dev = 
+    ss (dev.s ++ est dev.g dev.n ++ act.s ! VPart dev.g dev.n ++ st.s) ;
+
+  DKindOne  k = {
+    s = defArt k.g ++ k.s ! Sg ; 
+    g = k.g ;
+    n = Sg
+    } ;
+  DKindMany k = {
+    s = "les" ++ k.s ! Pl ; 
+    g = k.g ;
+    n = Pl
+    } ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = {
+    s = dev.s ++ "dans" ++ defArt loc.g ++ loc.s ! Sg ;
+    g = dev.g ; 
+    n = dev.n
+    } ;
+
+  light = mkNoun "lampe" Fem ;
+  fan = mkNoun "ventilateur" Masc ;
+
+  switchOn _ _ = mkVerb "allumer" "allumé" ;
+  switchOff _ _ = mkVerb "éteindre" "éteint" ;
+
+  dim _ _ = mkVerb "baisser" "baissé" ;
+
+  kitchen = mkNoun "cuisine" Fem ;
+  livingRoom = mkNoun "salon" Masc ;
+  
+oper
+  mkNoun : Str -> Gender -> {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} = \dog,g -> {
+    s = table {
+      Sg => dog ;
+      Pl => dog + "s"
+      } ;
+    g = g
+    } ;
+  
+  mkVerb : (_,_ : Str) -> {s : VForm => Str} = \venir,venu -> {
+    s = table {
+      VInf => venir ;
+      VPart Masc Sg => venu ;
+      VPart Masc Pl => venu + "s" ;
+      VPart Fem  Sg => venu + "e" ;
+      VPart Fem  Pl => venu + "es"
+      }
+    } ;
+
+  est : Gender -> Number -> Str = \g,n -> case <g,n> of {
+    <Masc,Sg> => "est-il" ;
+    <Fem, Sg> => "est-elle" ;
+    <Masc,Pl> => "sont-ils" ;
+    <Fem, Pl> => "sont-elles"
+    } ;
+
+  defArt : Gender -> Str = \g -> case g of {Masc => "le" ; Fem => "la"} ;
+
+lin
+  switchable_light = ss [] ;
+  switchable_fan  = ss [] ;
+  dimmable_light  = ss [] ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn _ _ = ss [] ;
+  statelike_switchOff _ _ = ss [] ;
+
+}
+

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/SmartI.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+--# -path=.:present:prelude
+
+incomplete concrete SmartI of Smart = open Syntax, LexSmart, Prelude in {
+
+-- grammar Toy1 from the Regulus book
+
+flags startcat = Utterance ;
+
+lincat 
+  Utterance = Utt ;
+  Command = Imp ;
+  Question = QS ;
+  Kind = N ;
+  Action = V2 ;
+  Device = NP ;
+  Location = N ;
+
+lin
+  UCommand  c = mkUtt politeImpForm c ;
+  UQuestion q = mkUtt q ;
+
+  CAction _ act dev = mkImp act dev ;
+  QAction _ act st dev = 
+    mkQS anteriorAnt (mkQCl (mkCl dev (passiveVP act))) ; ---- show empty proof
+
+  DKindOne k = mkNP defSgDet k ;
+  DKindMany k = mkNP defPlDet k ;
+  DLoc _ dev loc = mkNP dev (mkAdv in_Prep (mkNP defSgDet loc)) ;
+
+  light = light_N ;
+  fan = fan_N ;
+
+  switchOn _ _ = switchOn_V2 ;
+  switchOff _ _ = switchOff_V2 ;
+
+  dim _ _ = dim_V2 ;
+
+  kitchen = kitchen_N ;
+  livingRoom = livingRoom_N ;
+  
+lin
+  switchable_light = ss [] ;
+  switchable_fan  = ss [] ;
+  dimmable_light  = ss [] ;
+
+  statelike_switchOn _ _ = ss [] ;
+  statelike_switchOff _ _ = ss [] ;
+
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/smart/SmartSwe.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:alltenses:prelude
+
+concrete SmartSwe of Smart = SmartI with
+  (Syntax = SyntaxSwe),
+  (LexSmart = LexSmartSwe) ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/Grammar.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+abstract Grammar = {
+
+  flags startcat=Phr ;
+
+  cat
+    Phr ;  -- any complete sentence e.g. "Is this pizza good?"
+    S ;    -- declarative sentence  e.g. "this pizza is good"
+    QS ;   -- question sentence     e.g. "is this pizza good"
+    Cl ;   -- declarative clause    e.g. "this pizza is good"
+    QCl ;  -- question clause       e.g. "is this pizza good"
+    NP ;   -- noun phrase           e.g. "this pizza"
+    IP ;   -- interrogative phrase  e.g  "which pizza"
+    CN ;   -- common noun phrase    e.g. "very good pizza"
+    Det ;  -- determiner            e.g. "this"
+    IDet ; -- interrog. determiner  e.g. "which"
+    AP ;   -- adjectival phrase     e.g. "very good"
+    Adv ;  -- adverb                e.g. "today"
+    AdA ;  -- adadjective           e.g. "very"
+    VP ;   -- verb phrase           e.g. "is good"
+    N ;    -- noun                  e.g. "pizza"
+    A ;    -- adjective             e.g. "good"
+    V ;    -- intransitive verb     e.g. "boil"
+    V2 ;   -- two-place verb        e.g. "eat"
+    Pol ;  -- polarity (pos or neg)           
+    Conj ; -- conjunction           e.g. "and"
+    Subj ; -- conjunction           e.g. "because"
+
+  fun
+    PhrS    : S  -> Phr ;
+    PhrQS   : QS -> Phr ;
+
+    UseCl   : Pol -> Cl -> S ;
+    UseQCl  : Pol -> QCl -> QS ;
+
+    QuestCl : Cl -> QCl ;
+
+    SubjS   : Subj -> S -> Adv ;
+
+    PredVP  : NP -> VP -> Cl ;
+
+    QuestVP : IP -> VP -> QCl ;
+    QuestV2 : IP -> NP -> V2 -> QCl ;
+ 
+    ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP ;
+    ComplAP : AP -> VP ;
+
+    DetCN   : Det -> CN -> NP ;
+
+    ModCN   : AP  -> CN -> CN ;
+    AdVP    : Adv -> VP -> VP ;
+    AdAP    : AdA -> AP -> AP ;
+
+    IDetCN  : IDet -> CN -> IP ;
+
+    ConjS   : Conj -> S -> S -> S ;
+    ConjNP  : Conj -> NP -> NP -> NP ;
+
+  -- lexical insertion
+
+    UseN : N -> CN ;
+    UseA : A -> AP ;
+    UseV : V -> VP ;
+
+  -- entries of the closed lexicon
+
+    this_Det  : Det ;
+    that_Det  : Det ;
+    these_Det : Det ;
+    those_Det : Det ;
+    every_Det : Det ;
+    theSg_Det : Det ;
+    thePl_Det : Det ;
+    indef_Det : Det ;
+    plur_Det  : Det ;
+    two_Det   : Det ;
+    which_IDet : IDet ;
+    today_Adv  : Adv ;
+    very_AdA  : AdA ;
+    and_Conj  : Conj ;
+    because_Subj : Subj ;
+
+  -- polarities
+
+    PPos, PNeg : Pol ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/GrammarEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarEng of Grammar = open Prelude, MorphoEng in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phr  = {s : Str} ;
+    S    = {s : Str} ;
+    QS   = {s : Str} ;
+    Cl   = {s : Order => Bool => Str} ;
+    QCl  = {s : Order => Bool => Str} ;
+    NP   = NounPhrase ;
+    IP   = NounPhrase ;
+    CN   = Noun ;
+    Det  = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IDet = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    AP   = {s : Str} ;
+    Adv  = {s : Str} ;
+    AdA  = {s : Str} ;
+    VP   = VerbPhrase ;
+    N    = Noun ;
+    A    = {s : Str} ;
+    V    = Verb ;
+    V2   = Verb2 ;
+    Conj = {s : Str} ;
+    Subj = {s : Str} ;
+    Pol  = {s : Str ; p : Bool} ;
+
+  lin
+    PhrS  = postfixSS "." ;
+    PhrQS = postfixSS "?" ;
+
+    UseCl  pol cl  = {s = pol.s ++ cl.s  ! Dir ! pol.p} ;
+    UseQCl pol qcl = {s = pol.s ++ qcl.s ! Inv ! pol.p} ;
+
+    QuestCl cl = cl ;
+ 
+    SubjS subj s = {s = subj.s ++ s.s} ;
+
+    PredVP = predVP ;
+
+    QuestVP ip vp = let cl = predVP ip vp in  {s = \\_ => cl.s ! Dir};
+
+    QuestV2 ip np v2 = {
+      s = \\ord,pol => 
+          let 
+            vp : VerbPhrase = predVerb v2
+          in 
+          bothWays (ip.s ++ (predVP np vp).s ! ord ! pol) v2.c
+    } ;
+
+    ComplV2 v np = insertObject (v.c ++ np.s) (predVerb v) ;
+
+    ComplAP ap = {
+      s = \\_,b,n => {
+        fin = copula b n ; 
+        inf = ap.s 
+      }
+    } ;
+
+    DetCN det cn = {s = det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ModCN ap cn  = {s = \\n => ap.s ++ cn.s ! n} ;
+
+    AdVP adv = insertObject adv.s ;
+
+    AdAP ada ap = {s = ada.s ++ ap.s} ;
+
+    IDetCN det cn = {s = det.s ++ cn.s ! det.n ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ConjS c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s} ;
+    ConjNP c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s ; n = Pl} ;
+
+    UseN n = n ;
+    UseA a = a ;
+    UseV = predVerb ;
+
+    this_Det = {s = "this" ; n = Sg} ;
+    that_Det = {s = "that" ; n = Sg} ;
+    these_Det = {s = "these" ; n = Pl} ;
+    those_Det = {s = "those" ; n = Pl} ;
+    every_Det = {s = "every" ; n = Sg} ;
+    theSg_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Sg} ;
+    thePl_Det = {s = "the" ; n = Pl} ;
+    indef_Det = {s = artIndef ; n = Sg} ;
+    plur_Det = {s = [] ; n = Pl} ;
+    two_Det = {s = "two" ; n = Pl} ;
+    today_Adv = {s = "today"} ;
+    very_AdA = {s = "very"} ;
+    which_IDet = {s = "which" ; n = Sg} ;
+
+    and_Conj = {s = "and"} ;
+    because_Subj = {s = "because"} ;
+
+    PPos = {s = [] ; p = True} ;
+    PNeg = {s = [] ; p = False} ;
+
+  param
+    Order = Dir | Inv ;
+
+  oper
+    NounPhrase = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
+    VerbPhrase = {s : Order => Bool => Number => {fin,inf : Str}} ;
+
+    predVP : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> {s : Order => Bool => Str} = 
+      \np,vp -> {
+      s = \\q,p => 
+          let vps = vp.s ! q ! p ! np.n 
+          in case q of {
+            Dir => np.s ++ vps.fin ++ vps.inf ;
+            Inv => vps.fin ++ np.s ++ vps.inf
+            }
+    } ;
+
+    copula : Bool -> Number -> Str = \b,n -> case n of {
+      Sg => posneg b "is" ;
+      Pl => posneg b "are"
+      } ;
+
+    do : Bool -> Number -> Str = \b,n -> 
+      posneg b ((mkV "do").s ! n) ;
+
+    predVerb : Verb -> VerbPhrase = \verb -> {
+      s = \\q,b,n => 
+      let 
+        inf = verb.s ! Pl ;
+        fin = verb.s ! n ;
+        aux = do b n
+      in
+      case <q,b> of {
+        <Dir,True> => {fin = []  ; inf = fin} ;
+        _          => {fin = aux ; inf = inf}
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    insertObject : Str -> VerbPhrase -> VerbPhrase = 
+      \obj,vp -> {
+      s = \\q,b,n => let vps = vp.s ! q ! b! n in {
+        fin = vps.fin ;
+        inf = vps.inf ++ obj
+      }
+    } ;
+
+    posneg : Bool -> Str -> Str = \b,do -> case b of {
+      True => do ;
+      False => do + "n't"
+      } ;
+
+    artIndef : Str = 
+      pre {"a" ; "an" / strs {"a" ; "e" ; "i" ; "o"}} ;
+        
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/GrammarIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+concrete GrammarIta of Grammar = open Prelude, MorphoIta in {
+
+  lincat
+    Phr  = {s : Str} ;
+    S    = {s : Str} ;
+    QS   = {s : Str} ;
+    Cl   = Clause ;
+    QCl  = Clause ;
+    NP   = NounPhrase ;
+    IP   = NounPhrase ;
+    CN   = Noun ;
+    Det  = {s : Gender => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    IDet = {s : Gender => Str ; n : Number} ;
+    AP   = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+    AdA  = {s : Str} ;
+    VP   = VerbPhrase ;
+    N    = Noun ;
+    A    = Adjective ;
+    V    = Verb ;
+    V2   = Verb2 ;
+    Conj = {s : Str} ;
+    Subj = {s : Str} ;
+    Pol  = {s : Str ; p : Bool} ;
+
+  oper
+    Clause     : Type = {s : Bool => Str} ;
+    NounPhrase : Type = {s : Str ; g : Gender ; n : Number} ;
+    VerbPhrase : Type = {s : Bool => Gender => Number => Str} ; 
+  lin
+    PhrS = postfixSS "." ;
+    PhrQS = postfixSS "?" ;
+
+    UseCl  pol cl  = {s = pol.s ++ cl.s  ! pol.p} ;
+    UseQCl pol qcl = {s = pol.s ++ qcl.s ! pol.p} ;
+
+    QuestCl cl = cl ;
+
+    SubjS subj s = {s = subj.s ++ s.s} ;
+
+    PredVP  = predVP ;
+
+    QuestVP = predVP ;
+
+    QuestV2 ip np v2 = 
+      {s = \\b => v2.c ++ ip.s ++ posneg b ++ v2.s ! np.n ++ np.s} ;
+ 
+    ComplV2 v2 np = {s = \\b,_,n => posneg b ++ v2.s ! n ++ v2.c ++ np.s} ;
+    ComplAP ap    = {s = \\b,g,n => posneg b ++ copula n ++ ap.s ! g ! n} ;
+
+    DetCN  det cn = {s = det.s ! cn.g ++ cn.s ! det.n ; g = cn.g ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ModCN ap cn  = {s = \\n => cn.s ! n ++ ap.s ! cn.g ! n ; g = cn.g} ;
+
+    AdVP adv vp  = {s = \\p,n,g => vp.s ! p ! n ! g ++ adv.s} ;
+    AdAP ada ap  = {s = \\n,g => ada.s ++ ap.s ! n ! g} ;
+
+    IDetCN det cn = {s = det.s ! cn.g ++ cn.s ! det.n ; g = cn.g ; n = det.n} ;
+
+    ConjS c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s} ;
+    ConjNP c a b = {s = a.s ++ c.s ++ b.s ; n = Pl ; g = conjGender a.g b.g} ;
+
+    UseN n = n ;
+    UseA a = a ;
+    UseV v = {s = \\b,_,n => posneg b ++ v.s ! n} ;
+
+    this_Det = mkDet Sg (regAdjective "questo") ;
+    that_Det = mkDet Sg (regAdjective "quello") ;
+    these_Det = mkDet Pl (regAdjective "questo") ;
+    those_Det = mkDet Pl (regAdjective "quello") ;
+    every_Det = {s = \\_ => "ogni" ; n = Sg} ;
+    theSg_Det = {s = artDef Sg ; n = Sg} ;
+    thePl_Det = {s = artDef Pl ; n = Pl} ;
+    indef_Det = {s = artIndef ; n = Sg} ;
+    plur_Det = {s = \\_ => [] ; n = Pl} ;
+    two_Det = {s = \\_ => "due" ; n = Pl} ;
+    today_Adv = {s = "oggi"} ;
+    very_AdA = {s = "molto"} ;
+    which_IDet   = {s = \\_ => "quale" ; n = Sg} ;
+    and_Conj = {s = "e"} ;
+    because_Subj = {s = "perché"} ;
+
+    PPos = {s = [] ; p = True} ;
+    PNeg = {s = [] ; p = False} ;
+
+  oper
+    predVP : NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Clause = \np,vp -> 
+      {s = \\b => np.s ++ vp.s ! b ! np.g ! np.n} ;
+
+    copula : Number -> Str = \n -> case n of {
+      Sg => "è" ;
+      Pl => "sono"
+      } ;
+
+    posneg : Bool -> Str = \b -> case b of {
+      True => [] ;
+      False => "non"
+      } ;
+
+    mkDet : Number -> Adjective -> Det = \n,adj -> {
+      s = \\g => adj.s ! g ! n ;
+      n = n ;
+      lock_Det = <>
+      } ;
+
+    artDef : Number -> Gender => Str = \n -> case n of {
+      Sg => table {
+        Masc => pre {"il"  ; "lo" / sImpuro} ;
+        Fem  => "la"
+        } ;
+      Pl => table {
+        Masc => pre {"i"  ; "gli" / sImpuro ; "gli" / vowel} ;
+        Fem  => "le"
+        }
+      } ;
+
+    artIndef : Gender => Str = table {
+      Masc => pre {"un"  ; "uno" / sImpuro} ;
+      Fem  => pre {"una" ; "un'" / vowel}
+      } ;
+
+    conjGender : Gender -> Gender -> Gender = \g,h -> case g of {
+      Masc => Masc ;
+      _ => h
+    } ;
+
+    sImpuro : Strs = strs {"sb" ; "sp" ; "sy" ; "z"} ;
+    vowel   : Strs = strs {"a" ; "e" ; "i" ; "o" ; "u"} ;
+
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/MorphoEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+resource MorphoEng = open Prelude in {
+
+  -- the lexicon construction API
+
+    oper
+      mkN : overload {
+        mkN : (bus : Str) -> Noun ;
+        mkN : (man,men : Str) -> Noun ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkA : (warm : Str) -> Adjective ;
+
+      mkV : overload {
+        mkV : (kiss : Str) -> Verb ;
+        mkV : (do,does : Str) -> Verb ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkV2 : overload {
+        mkV2 : (love : Verb) -> Verb2 ;
+        mkV2 : (talk : Verb) -> (about : Str) -> Verb2 ;
+      } ;
+
+  -- grammar-internal definitions
+
+    param
+      Number = Sg | Pl ;
+
+    oper
+      Noun, Verb : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+      Adjective : Type = {s : Str} ;
+      Verb2 : Type = Verb ** {c : Str} ;
+
+      mkN = overload {
+        mkN : (bus : Str) -> Noun = \s -> mkNoun s (add_s s) ;
+        mkN : (man,men : Str) -> Noun = mkNoun ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkA : (warm : Str) -> Adjective = ss ;
+
+      mkV = overload {
+        mkV : (kiss : Str) -> Verb = \s -> mkVerb s (add_s s) ;
+        mkV : (do,does : Str) -> Verb = mkVerb ;
+      } ;
+
+      mkV2 = overload {
+        mkV2 : (love : Verb) -> Verb2 = \love -> love ** {c = []} ;
+        mkV2 : (talk : Verb) -> (about : Str) -> Verb2 = 
+          \talk,about -> talk ** {c = about} ;
+      } ;
+
+      add_s : Str -> Str = \w -> case w of {
+        _ + "oo"                           => w + "s" ;   -- bamboo
+        _ + ("s" | "z" | "x" | "sh" | "o") => w + "es" ;  -- bus, hero
+        _ + ("a" | "o" | "u" | "e") + "y"  => w + "s" ;   -- boy
+        x + "y"                            => x + "ies" ; -- fly
+        _                                  => w + "s"     -- car
+      } ;
+
+      mkNoun : Str -> Str -> Noun = \x,y -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => x ;
+          Pl => y
+          }
+        } ;
+
+      mkVerb : Str -> Str -> Verb = \x,y -> mkNoun y x ;
+  }

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/MorphoIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+--# -path=.:prelude
+
+  -- This is a simple Italian resource morphology for the GF tutorial.
+
+  resource MorphoIta = open Prelude in {
+
+  -- the lexicographer's API
+
+    oper
+      masculine, feminine : Gender ;
+
+  
+
+    param
+      Number = Sg | Pl ;
+      Gender = Masc | Fem ;
+
+    oper
+      Noun      : Type = {s : Number => Str ; g : Gender} ; 
+      Adjective : Type = {s : Gender => Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- we will only use present indicative third person verb forms
+
+      Verb      : Type = {s : Number => Str} ;
+
+  -- two-place verbs have a preposition
+
+      Verb2     : Type = Verb ** {c : Str} ;
+
+  -- this function takes the gender and both singular and plural forms
+
+      mkNoun : Gender -> Str -> Str -> Noun = \g,vino,vini -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => vino ;
+          Pl => vini
+          } ;
+        g = g
+        } ;
+
+  -- this function takes the singular form
+
+     regNoun : Str -> Noun = \vino -> 
+       case vino of {
+         vin + c@("c" | "g") + "a" 
+           => mkNoun Fem  vino (vin + c + "he") ; -- banche
+         vin + "a"               
+           => mkNoun Fem  vino (vin + "e") ;      -- pizza
+         vin + c@("c" | "g") + "o"
+           => mkNoun Masc vino (vin + c + "hi") ; -- boschi 
+         vin + ("o" | "e") 
+           => mkNoun Masc vino (vin + "i") ;      -- vino, pane
+         _ => mkNoun Masc vino vino               -- tram
+         } ;
+
+  -- to make nouns such as "carne", "università" feminine
+
+     femNoun : Noun -> Noun = \mano -> {
+       s = mano.s ;
+       g = Fem
+       } ;
+
+  -- this takes both genders and numbers
+
+     mkAdjective : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -> Adjective = \nero,nera,neri,nere -> {
+       s = table {
+         Masc => (mkNoun Masc nero neri).s ;
+         Fem  => (mkNoun Fem  nera nere).s
+         } 
+       } ;
+
+  -- this takes the masculine singular form
+
+     regAdjective : Str -> Adjective = \nero ->
+       let ner = init nero in
+       case last nero of {
+         "o" => mkAdjective (ner + "o") (ner + "a") (ner + "i") (ner + "e") ;
+         "e" => mkAdjective (ner + "e") (ner + "e") (ner + "i") (ner + "i") ;
+         _   => mkAdjective nero nero nero nero
+         } ;
+
+  -- this function takes the singular and plural forms
+
+      mkVerb : Str -> Str -> Verb = \ama,amano -> {
+        s = table {
+          Sg => ama ;
+          Pl => amano
+          }
+        } ;
+
+  -- this function takes the infinitive form
+
+      regVerb : Str -> Verb = \amare -> 
+        let am = Predef.tk 3 amare in
+        case Predef.dp 3 amare of {
+          "ere" => mkVerb (am + "e")    (am + "ono") ;    -- premere
+          "ire" => mkVerb (am + "isce") (am + "iscono") ; -- finire
+          _     => mkVerb (am + "a")    (am + "ano")      -- amare
+        } ;
+
+  }

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/Syntax.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+interface Syntax = open Prelude, Grammar in {
+
+oper
+  mkPhr = overload {
+    mkPhr : S -> Phr 
+      = PhrS ;
+    mkPhr : QS -> Phr 
+      = PhrQS ;
+  } ;
+
+  mkS = overload {
+    mkS : Pol -> NP -> VP -> S
+       = \p,np,vp -> UseCl p (PredVP np vp) ;
+    mkS : NP -> VP -> S
+       = \np,vp -> UseCl PPos (PredVP np vp) ;
+    mkS : Pol -> NP -> V2 -> NP -> S
+       = \p,np,v,o -> UseCl p (PredVP np (ComplV2 v o)) ;
+    mkS : NP -> V2 -> NP -> S
+       = \np,v,o -> UseCl PPos (PredVP np (ComplV2 v o)) ;
+    mkS : Pol -> NP -> AP -> S
+       = \p,np,ap -> UseCl p (PredVP np (ComplAP ap)) ;
+    mkS : NP -> AP -> S
+       = \np,ap -> UseCl PPos (PredVP np (ComplAP ap)) ;
+    } ;
+
+  mkNP : Det -> CN -> NP 
+    = DetCN ;
+
+  mkCN = overload {
+    mkCN : AP -> CN -> CN 
+      = ModCN ;
+    mkCN : N -> CN 
+      = UseN ;
+  } ;
+
+  mkAP = overload {
+    mkAP : AdA -> AP -> AP 
+      = AdAP ;
+    mkAP : A -> AP 
+      = UseA ;
+  } ;
+
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+instance SyntaxEng of Syntax = open Prelude, GrammarEng in {} ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/SyntaxIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+instance SyntaxIta of Syntax = open Prelude, GrammarIta in {} ;

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/Test.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+abstract Test = Grammar ** {
+
+  fun
+    wine_N, cheese_N, fish_N, pizza_N, waiter_N, customer_N : N ;
+    fresh_A, warm_A, italian_A, expensive_A, delicious_A, boring_A : A ;
+    stink_V : V ;
+    eat_V2, love_V2, talk_V2 : V2 ;
+}

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/TestEng.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+concrete TestEng of Test = GrammarEng ** open Prelude, MorphoEng in {
+
+  lin
+    wine_N = mkN "wine" ;
+    cheese_N = mkN "cheese" ;
+    fish_N = mkN "fish" "fish" ;
+    pizza_N = mkN "pizza" ;
+    waiter_N = mkN "waiter" ;
+    customer_N = mkN "customer" ;
+    fresh_A = mkA "fresh" ;
+    warm_A = mkA "warm" ;
+    italian_A = mkA "Italian" ;
+    expensive_A = mkA "expensive" ;
+    delicious_A = mkA "delicious" ;
+    boring_A = mkA "boring" ;
+    stink_V = mkV "stink" ;
+    eat_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "eat") ;
+    love_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "love") ;
+    talk_V2 = mkV2 (mkV "talk") "about" ;
+}
+

examples-3.0/tutorial/syntax/TestIta.gf

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+--# -path=.:resource:prelude
+
+concrete TestIta of Test = GrammarIta ** open Prelude, MorphoIta in {
+
+  lin
+    wine_N = regNoun "vino" ;
+    cheese_N = regNoun "formaggio" ;
+    fish_N = regNoun "pesce" ;
+    pizza_N = regNoun "pizza" ;
+    waiter_N = regNoun "cameriere" ;
+    customer_N = regNoun "cliente" ;
+    fresh_A = regAdjective "fresco" ;
+    warm_A = regAdjective "caldo" ;
+    italian_A = regAdjective "italiano" ;
+    expensive_A = regAdjective "caro" ;
+    delicious_A = regAdjective "delizioso" ;
+    boring_A = regAdjective "noioso" ;
+    stink_V = regVerb "puzzare" ;
+    eat_V2 = regVerb "mangiare" ** {c = []} ;
+    love_V2 = regVerb "amare" ** {c = []} ;
+    talk_V2 = regVerb "parlare" ** {c = "di"} ;
+}
+