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lib/resource-0.9/romance/SyntaxRomanceVP.gf
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307
lib/resource-0.9/romance/SyntaxRomanceVP.gf
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--1 A Small Romance Resource Syntax
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--
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-- Aarne Ranta 2002
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--
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-- This resource grammar contains definitions needed to construct
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-- indicative, interrogative, and imperative sentences in Romance languages.
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-- We try to share as much as possible. Even if the definitions of certain
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-- operations are different in $syntax.Fra.gf$ and $syntax.Ita.gf$, we can
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-- often give their type signatures in this file.
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--
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-- The following files are presupposed:
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interface SyntaxRomanceVP = SyntaxRomance ** open Prelude in {
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--3 Transitive verbs
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--
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-- Transitive verbs are verbs with a preposition for the complement,
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-- in analogy with two-place adjectives and functions.
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-- One might prefer to use the term "2-place verb", since
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-- "transitive" traditionally means that the inherent preposition is empty.
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-- Such a verb is one with a *direct object* - which may still be accusative,
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-- dative, or genitive.
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--
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-- In complementation, we do need some dispatching of clitic types:
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-- "aime Jean" ; "n'aime pas Jean" ; "l'aime" ; "ne l'aime pas".
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-- More will be needed when we add ditransitive verbs.
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oper
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complTransVerb : TransVerb -> NounPhrase -> Complemnt = \aime,jean ->
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complTransVerbGen aime jean (\\_,_,_ => []) ;
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complTransVerbGen : TransVerb -> NounPhrase ->
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(Gender => Number => Person => Str) -> Complemnt =
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\aime,jean,ici ->
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let
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clit = andB (isNounPhraseClit jean) (isTransVerbClit aime) ;
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Jean = jean.s ! (case2pformClit aime.c) ;
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aimee = if_then_Str clit
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(aime.s ! VPart (pgen2gen jean.g) jean.n)
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(aime.s ! VPart Masc Sg)
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in
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\\g,n,p =>
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let Ici = ici ! g ! n ! p
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in
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case clit of {
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True => {clit = Jean ; part = aimee ; compl = Ici} ;
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False => {clit = [] ; part = aimee ; compl = Jean ++ Ici}
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} ;
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----- add auxVerb to Complemnt to switch to $esse$ in refl ?
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reflTransVerb : TransVerb -> Complemnt = \aime ->
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let
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clit = isTransVerbClit aime ;
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in
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\\g,n,p =>
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let
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soi = reflPron ! n ! p ! unstressed accusative ; ---- (case2pformClit aime.c) ;
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aimee = aime.s ! VPart g n
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in
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case clit of {
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True => {clit = soi ; part = aimee ; compl = []} ;
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False => {clit = [] ; part = aimee ; compl = soi}
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} ;
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--2 Sentences
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--
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-- Sentences depend on a *mode parameter* selecting between
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-- indicative and subjunctive forms.
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oper
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VerbGroup : Type = {s : Bool => Gender => VPForm => Str} ;
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predVerbGroup : Bool -> {s : Str ; a : Anteriority} -> VerbGroup -> VerbPhrase =
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\b,ant,vg ->
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{s = \\vi,g,n,p => ant.s ++ vg.s ! b ! g ! VPF ant.a VInfin ---- imper
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} ;
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cl2vp : ClForm -> Number -> Person -> VPForm = \c,n,p -> case c of {
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ClPres a m => VPF a (VFin (VPres m) n p) ;
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ClImperf a m => VPF a (VFin (VImperf m) n p) ;
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ClPasse a => VPF a (VFin VPasse n p) ;
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ClFut a => VPF a (VFin VFut n p) ;
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ClCondit a => VPF a (VFin VCondit n p) ;
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ClInfinit a => VPF a VInfin
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} ;
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vp2cl : VPForm -> ClForm = \vf -> case vf of {
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VPF a (VFin (VPres m) _ _) => ClPres a m ;
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VPF a (VFin (VImperf m) _ _) => ClImperf a m ;
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VPF a (VFin (VPasse) _ _) => ClPasse a ;
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VPF a (VFin (VFut) _ _) => ClFut a ;
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VPF a (VFin (VCondit) _ _) => ClCondit a ;
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VPF a VInfin => ClInfinit a ;
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_ => ClInfinit Simul ---- imper
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} ;
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-- Predication is language-dependent in the negative case.
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complVerb : Verb -> Complemnt = \verb ->
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mkCompl verb (\\_,_,_ => []) ;
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mkCompl : Verb -> (Gender => Number => Person => Str) -> Complemnt =
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\verb,comp -> complNoClit (
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\\g,n,p => <verb.s ! (case verb.aux of {
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AEsse => VPart g n ;
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AHabere => VPart Masc Sg
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}),
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comp ! g ! n ! p
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>) ;
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complNoClit : (Gender => Number => Person => (Str*Str)) -> Complemnt =
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\comp -> \\g,n,p =>
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let com = comp ! g ! n ! p in
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{clit = [] ; part = com.p1 ; compl = com.p2} ;
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complCopula : (Gender => Number => Person => Str) -> Complemnt =
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mkCompl copula ;
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predCopula : NounPhrase -> Complemnt -> Clause = \np,co ->
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predVerbClause np copula co ;
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Complemnt = Gender => Number => Person => {clit, part, compl : Str} ; ---- ment
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predVerbClause : NounPhrase -> Verb -> Complemnt -> Clause = \np,verb,comp ->
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let nv = predVerbClauseGen np verb comp in
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{s = \\b,cl => let nvg = nv ! b ! cl in nvg.p1 ++ nvg.p2} ;
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predVerbClauseGen : NounPhrase -> Verb -> Complemnt ->
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(Bool => ClForm => (Str * Str)) = \np,verb,comp ->
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let
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jean = np.s ! unstressed nominative ;
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co = comp ! pgen2gen np.g ! np.n ! np.p ;
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la = co.clit ;
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ici = co.compl ;
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aimee = co.part ;
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aime : TMode -> Str = \t -> verb.s ! (VFin t np.n np.p) ;
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avoir : TMode -> Str = \t -> (auxVerb verb).s ! (VFin t np.n np.p) ;
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aimer = verb.s ! VInfin ;
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avoirr = (auxVerb verb).s ! VInfin
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in
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\\b => table {
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ClPres Simul m => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ aime (VPres m)) ici> ;
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ClPres a m => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoir (VPres m)) (aimee ++ ici)> ;
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ClImperf Simul m => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ aime (VImperf m)) ici> ;
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ClImperf a m => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoir (VImperf m)) (aimee ++ ici)> ;
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ClPasse Simul => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ aime VPasse) ici> ;
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ClPasse a => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoir VPasse) (aimee ++ ici)> ;
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ClFut Simul => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ aime VFut) ici> ;
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ClFut a => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoir VFut) (aimee ++ ici)> ;
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ClCondit Simul => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ aime VFut) ici> ;
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ClCondit a => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoir VFut) (aimee ++ ici)> ;
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ClInfinit Simul => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ aimer) ici> ;
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ClInfinit a => <jean, posNeg b (la ++ avoirr) (aimee ++ ici)>
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} ;
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-- These three function are just to restore the $VerbGroup$ ($VP$) based structure.
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predVerbGroupClause : NounPhrase -> VerbGroup -> Clause = \np,vp ->
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let
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it = np.s ! unstressed nominative
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in
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{s = \\b,cf => it ++ vp.s ! b ! pgen2gen np.g ! cl2vp cf np.n np.p} ;
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predClauseGroup : Verb -> Complemnt -> VerbGroup = \verb,comp ->
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let
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nvg : PronGen -> Number -> Person -> (Bool => ClForm => (Str * Str)) =
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\g,n,p ->
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predVerbClauseGen {s = \\_ => [] ; g=g ; n=n ; p=p ; c=Clit0} verb comp
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-- clit type irrelevant in subject position
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in
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{s = \\b,g,vf =>
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(nvg (PGen g) (nombreVerbPhrase vf) (personVerbPhrase vf) ! b ! (vp2cl vf)).p2
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} ;
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predClauseBeGroup : Complemnt -> VerbGroup =
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predClauseGroup copula ;
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--3 Sentence-complement verbs
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--
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-- Sentence-complement verbs take sentences as complements.
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-- The mode of the complement depends on the verb, and can be different
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-- for positive and negative uses of the verb
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-- ("je crois qu'elle vient" -"je ne crois pas qu'elle vienne"),
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complSentVerb : SentenceVerb -> Sentence -> Complemnt = \croire,jeanboit ->
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mkCompl
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croire
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(\\g,n,p =>
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----- add Bool to Complemnt ?
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----- let m = if_then_else Mode b croire.mp croire.mn
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embedConj ++ jeanboit.s ! croire.mp) ;
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complDitransSentVerb :
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(TransVerb ** {mp, mn : Mode}) -> NounPhrase -> Sentence -> Complemnt =
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\dire,lui,jeanboit ->
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complTransVerbGen
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dire lui
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(\\g,n,p =>
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embedConj ++ jeanboit.s ! dire.mp) ;
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complQuestVerb : Verb -> QuestionSent -> Complemnt = \demander,sijeanboit ->
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mkCompl
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demander
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(\\g,n,p => sijeanboit.s ! IndirQ) ;
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complDitransQuestVerb : TransVerb -> NounPhrase -> QuestionSent -> Complemnt =
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\dire,lui,jeanboit ->
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complTransVerbGen
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dire lui
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(\\g,n,p => jeanboit.s ! IndirQ) ;
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complAdjVerb : Verb -> AdjPhrase -> Complemnt = \sent,bon ->
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mkCompl sent (\\g,n,_ => bon.s ! AF g n) ;
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-- The third rule is overgenerating: "est chaque homme" has to be ruled out
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-- on semantic grounds.
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complAdjective : AdjPhrase -> Complemnt = \bon ->
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complCopula (\\g,n,_ => bon.s ! AF g n) ;
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complCommNoun : CommNounPhrase -> Complemnt = \homme ->
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complCopula (\\_,n,_ => indefNoun n homme) ;
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complNounPhrase : NounPhrase -> Complemnt = \jean ->
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complCopula (\\_,_,_ => jean.s ! stressed nominative) ;
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complAdverb : Adverb -> Complemnt = \dehors ->
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complCopula (\\_,_,_ => dehors.s) ;
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complVerbAdj : AdjCompl -> VerbPhrase -> AdjPhrase = \facile,ouvrir ->
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{s = \\gn => ---- p
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facile.s ! gn ++ prepCase facile.c ++ facile.s2 ++
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ouvrir.s ! VIInfinit ! Masc ! Sg ! P3 ;
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p = False
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} ;
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complVerbAdj2 : Bool -> AdjCompl -> NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> AdjPhrase =
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\b,facile,lui,nager ->
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{s = \\gn => ---- p
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facile.s ! gn ++
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lui.s ! stressed dative ++ ---- also "pour lui" ?
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prepCase facile.c ++ facile.s2 ++
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nager.s ! VIInfinit ! pgen2gen lui.g ! lui.n ! P3 ; ---- agr dep on b
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p = False
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} ;
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--3 Verb-complement verbs
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--
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-- Verb-complement verbs take verb phrases as complements.
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-- They can need an oblique case ("à", "de"), but they work like ordinary verbs.
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complVerbVerb : VerbVerb -> VerbPhrase -> Complemnt = \devoir, nager ->
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mkCompl
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devoir
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(\\g,n,p => prepCase devoir.c ++ nager.s ! VIInfinit ! g ! n ! p) ;
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progressiveVerbPhrase : VerbPhrase -> VerbGroup = \vp ->
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predClauseBeGroup
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(complCopula (\\g,n,p =>
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"en" ++ "train" ++ elisDe ++ vp.s ! VIInfinit ! g ! n ! p)) ;
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--- This must be completed to account for the order of the clitics.
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--- In the rule below, the last argument cannot get cliticized.
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complDitransVerb :
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DitransVerb -> NounPhrase -> NounPhrase -> Complemnt = \donner,jean,vin ->
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complTransVerbGen
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donner jean
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(\\_,_,_ => donner.s3 ++ vin.s ! case2pform donner.c3) ;
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complDitransVerbVerb :
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Bool -> DitransVerbVerb -> NounPhrase -> VerbPhrase -> Complemnt =
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\obj, demander, toi, nager ->
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complTransVerbGen demander toi
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(\\g,n,p =>
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let
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agr : Gender * Number * Person = case obj of {
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True => <pgen2gen toi.g, toi.n, toi.p> ;
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False => <g, n, p>
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}
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in
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prepCase demander.c ++
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nager.s ! VIInfinit ! agr.p1 ! agr.p2 ! agr.p3) ;
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complDitransAdjVerb :
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TransVerb -> NounPhrase -> AdjPhrase -> Complemnt = \rend,toi,sec ->
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complTransVerbGen rend toi (\\g,n,_ => sec.s ! AF g n) ;
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adVerbPhrase : VerbGroup -> Adverb -> VerbGroup = \chante, bien ->
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{s = \\b,g,v => chante.s ! b ! g ! v ++ bien.s} ;
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intVerbPhrase : IntPron -> VerbGroup -> Question = \ip,vg ->
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questClause (predVerbGroupClause (intNounPhrase ip) vg) ;
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-- Passivization is like adjectival predication.
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passVerb : Verb -> Complemnt = \aimer ->
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complCopula (\\g,n,_ => aimer.s ! VPart g n) ;
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subjunctVerbPhrase : VerbGroup -> Subjunction -> Sentence -> VerbGroup =
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\V, si, A ->
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adVerbPhrase V (ss (si.s ++ A.s ! si.m)) ;
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}
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