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updated gfdoc

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aarne
2006-06-22 22:18:56 +00:00
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lib/resource-1.0/TODO
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ TODO in Resource 1.0 implementation
%Ita: clitic order and changes
Ita: infinitive contractions
%Ita: infinitive contractions
%Ita: articles in possessives

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/Resource-HOWTO.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>Resource grammar writing HOWTO</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: Aarne Ranta &lt;aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se&gt;</I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jun 16 00:59:52 2006
Last update: Fri Jun 23 00:13:11 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ will give some hints how to extend the API.
A manual for using the resource grammar is found in
</P>
<P>
<A HREF="../../../doc/resource.pdf"><CODE>http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/doc/resource.pdf</CODE></A>.
<A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/doc/resource.pdf"><CODE>http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF/doc/resource.pdf</CODE></A>.
</P>
<P>
A tutorial on GF, also introducing the idea of resource grammars, is found in

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjective: Adjectives and Adjectival Phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:14:36 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ elliptic-relational.
<P></P>
<P>
Sentence and question complements defined for all adjectival
phrases, although the semantics is only clear for some adjective.
phrases, although the semantics is only clear for some adjectives.
</P>
<PRE>
SentAP : AP -&gt; SC -&gt; AP ; -- great that she won, uncertain if she did

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverb: Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-14 22:56:30 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Cat: the Category System</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:10:58 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ it is enough that both <CODE>Verb</CODE> and <CODE>Noun</CODE> use the same type
which is given here in <CODE>Cat</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
Some categories are inherited from <A HREF="Common.html">Common</A>.
Some categories are inherited from <A HREF="Common.html"><CODE>Common</CODE></A>.
The reason they are defined there is that they have the same
implementation in all languages in the resource (typically,
just a string). These categories are
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
CN ; -- common noun (without determiner) e.g. "red house"
NP ; -- noun phrase (subject or object) e.g. "the red house"
Pron ; -- personal pronoun e.g. "she"
Det ; -- determiner phrase e.g. "all the seven"
Det ; -- determiner phrase e.g. "those seven"
Predet; -- predeterminer (prefixed Quant) e.g. "all"
QuantSg;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of sing. Det) e.g. "every"
QuantPl;-- quantifier ('nucleus' of plur. Det) e.g. "many"

18
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Common.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Common: Structures with Common Implementations.</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:13:55 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
This module defines the categories that uniformly have the linearization
<CODE>{s : Str}</CODE> in all languages.
Moreover, this module defines the abstract parameters of tense, polarity, and
anteriority, which are used in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A> to generate different
forms of sentences. Together they give 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 sentence forms.
anteriority, which are used in <A HREF="Phrase.html"><CODE>Phrase</CODE></A> to generate different
forms of sentences. Together they give 4 x 2 x 2 = 16 sentence forms.
These tenses are defined for all languages in the library. More tenses
can be defined in the language extensions, e.g. the <I>passé simple</I> of
Romance languages.
Romance languages in <A HREF="../romance/ExtraRomance.gf"><CODE>ExtraRomance</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Common = {
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ Romance languages.
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Top-level units</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Text.html">Text</A>: <CODE>Text</CODE>.
Constructed in <A HREF="Text.html"><CODE>Text</CODE></A>: <CODE>Text</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
Text ; -- text consisting of several phrases e.g. "He is here. Why?"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>:
Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html"><CODE>Phrase</CODE></A>:
</P>
<PRE>
Phr ; -- phrase in a text e.g. "but be quiet please"
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>:
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>:
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html"><CODE>Sentence</CODE></A>:
</P>
<PRE>
SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains"
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>:
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html"><CODE>Adverb</CODE></A>.
Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html"><CODE>Structural</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
Adv ; -- verb-phrase-modifying adverb, e.g. "in the house"

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Conjunction: Coordination</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:17:31 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ and define two general patterns:
</UL>
<P>
<B>Note</B>. This module uses right-recursive lists. If backward
compatibility with API 0.9 is needed, use
<A HREF="SeqConjunction.html">SeqConjunction</A>.
<CODE>VP</CODE> conjunctions are not covered here, because their applicability
depends on language. Some special cases are defined in
<A HREF="../abstract/Extra.gf"><CODE>Extra</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Grammar.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Grammar: the Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:08:55 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
This grammar a collection of the different grammar modules,
To test the resource, import <A HREF="Lang.html">Lang</A>, which also contains
This grammar is a collection of the different grammar modules,
To test the resource, import <A HREF="Lang.html"><CODE>Lang</CODE></A>, which also contains
a lexicon.
</P>
<PRE>

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Idiom: Idiomatic Expressions</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-14 22:57:19 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/IrregEng.gf
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@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ flags optimize=values ;
freeze_V = irregV "freeze" "froze" "frozen" ;
get_V = irregDuplV "get" "got" "gotten" ;
give_V = irregV "give" "gave" "given" ;
go_V = irregV "go" "went" "gone" ;
go_V = mkV "go" "goes" "went" "gone" "going" ;
grind_V = irregV "grind" "ground" "ground" ;
grow_V = irregV "grow" "grew" "grown" ;
hang_V = irregV "hang" "hung" "hung" ;

4
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Lang: a Test Module for the Resource Grammar</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:09:20 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
<P>
This grammar is for testing the resource as included in the
language-independent API, consisting of a grammar and a lexicon.
The grammar without a lexicon is <A HREF="Grammar.html">Grammar</A>,
The grammar without a lexicon is <A HREF="Grammar.html"><CODE>Grammar</CODE></A>,
which may be more suitable to open in applications.
</P>
<PRE>

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Mathematical.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-02-28 09:26:58 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 21:36:45 CET</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-05-24 15:08:56 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-05-23 23:36:59 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

9
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Noun: Nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:19:41 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ The three main types of noun phrases are
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Pronouns are defined in the module <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
Pronouns are defined in the module <A HREF="Structural.html"><CODE>Structural</CODE></A>.
A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a <CODE>Predet</CODE>erminer.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ Quantifiers that have both forms can be used in both ways.
<P>
Pronouns have possessive forms. Genitives of other kinds
of noun phrases are not given here, since they are not possible
in e.g. Romance languages.
in e.g. Romance languages. They can be found in
<A HREF="../abstract/Extra.gf"><CODE>Extra</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
PossPron : Pron -&gt; Quant ; -- my (house)
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ The semantics is typically derivative of the relational meaning.
<P></P>
<P>
Nouns can be modified by adjectives, relative clauses, and adverbs
(the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachement' ambiguities
(the last rule will give rise to many 'PP attachment' ambiguities
when used in connection with verb phrases).
</P>
<PRE>

11
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Numerals</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-01-25 12:10:58 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:22:05 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -27,12 +27,19 @@ The implementations are adapted from the
which defines numerals for 88 languages.
The resource grammar implementations add to this inflection (if needed)
and ordinal numbers.
<B>Note</B>. Number 1 as defined
</P>
<P>
<B>Note</B> 1. Number 1 as defined
in the category <CODE>Numeral</CODE> here should not be used in the formation of
noun phrases, and should therefore be removed. Instead, one should use
<A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.one_Quant</CODE>. This makes the grammar simpler
because we can assume that numbers form plural noun phrases.
</P>
<P>
<B>Note</B> 2. The implementations introduce spaces between
parts of a numeral, which is often incorrect - more work on
(un)lexing is needed to solve this problem.
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Numeral = Cat ** {

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDan.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 14:44:29 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 20:53:41 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003
Aarne Ranta 2005 - 2006
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
separate module <A HREF="../../danish/IrregDan.gf"><CODE>IrregDan</CODE></A>,
which haves a list of irregular verbs.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsDan =
@@ -131,14 +131,14 @@ Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
last letter of the second form (if <I>n</I>, then <CODE>utrum</CODE>, otherwise <CODE>neutrum</CODE>).
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenger,drengene : Str) -&gt; N ;
mkN : (dreng,drengen,drenge,drengene : Str) -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The regular function takes the singular indefinite form
and computes the other forms and the gender by a heuristic.
The heuristic is that all nouns are <CODE>utrum</CODE> with the
plural ending <I>er///</I>r//.
plural ending <I>er</I> or <I>r</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
regN : Str -&gt; N ;
@@ -171,20 +171,20 @@ indefinite
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
<P>
All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
such as <I>fodbold</I>.
</P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
<P>
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
Relational nouns (<I>datter til x</I>) need a preposition.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The most common preposition is <I>av</I>, and the following is a
shortcut for regular, <CODE>nonhuman</CODE> relational nouns with <I>av</I>.
The most common preposition is <I>af</I>, and the following is a
shortcut for regular relational nouns with <I>af</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
regN2 : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; N2 ;
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
form other prepositions.
</P>
<P>
Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>)
Three-place relational nouns (<I>forbindelse fra x til y</I>)
need two prepositions.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ need two prepositions.
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
relational noun (e.g. <I>tidligere kone til</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
</P>
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
If comparison is formed by <I>mer, //mest</I>, as in general for//
If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -309,7 +309,8 @@ long adjective, the following pattern is used:
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. <I>always</I>).
after the verb. Some can be close to the verb like the negation
<I>ikke</I> (e.g. <I>altid</I>).
</P>
<PRE>
mkAdv : Str -&gt; Adv ;
@@ -351,11 +352,11 @@ There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregDan</CODE
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
</P>
<PRE>
irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -&gt; V ;
irregV : (drikke, drak, drukket : Str) -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H3>Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</H3>
<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
<P>
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
</P>
@@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H3>Verbs with a particle</H3>
<P>
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
The particle, such as in <I>passe på</I>, is given as a string.
</P>
<PRE>
partV : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V ;
@@ -375,8 +376,8 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<H3>Deponent verbs</H3>
<P>
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
reflexive e.g. <I>ångra sig</I>.
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>undres</I>, some as
reflexive e.g. <I>forestille sig</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
depV : V -&gt; V ;
@@ -402,8 +403,8 @@ Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- snakke, med, om
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,til
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</PRE>
<P></P>

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 16:21:43 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 20:54:15 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -69,11 +69,8 @@ first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
</P>
<P>
The following modules are presupposed:
separate module <A HREF="../../english/IrregEng.gf"><CODE>IrregEng</CODE></A>,
which covers irregular verbss.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsEng = open
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ The resource category <CODE>Prep</CODE> is used.
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Nouns</H2>
<P>
Worst case: give all four forms and the semantic gender.
Worst case: give all four forms.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -&gt; N ;
@@ -284,7 +281,7 @@ but a separate pattern is used:
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
If comparison is formed by <I>more, //most</I>, as in general for//
If comparison is formed by <I>more</I>, <I>most</I>, as in general for
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
</P>
<PRE>

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lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFin.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Finnish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 15:06:49 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 20:46:07 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adjectives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Other complement patterns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL>
</UL>
@@ -54,12 +55,7 @@ The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularFin</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
</P>
<P>
The following modules are presupposed:
However, this function should only seldom be needed.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsFin = open
@@ -68,12 +64,7 @@ The following modules are presupposed:
MorphoFin,
CatFin
in {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
flags optimize=all ;
</P>
<PRE>
flags optimize=noexpand ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
@@ -82,8 +73,8 @@ flags optimize=all ;
<P>
To abstract over gender, number, and (some) case names,
we define the following identifiers. The application programmer
should always use these constants instead of their definitions
in <CODE>TypesInf</CODE>.
should always use these constants instead of the constructors
defined in <CODE>ResFin</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
oper
@@ -120,8 +111,8 @@ just a case, or a pre/postposition and a case.
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Nouns</H2>
<P>
The worst case gives ten forms and the semantic gender.
In practice just a couple of forms are needed, to define the different
The worst case gives ten forms.
In practice just a couple of forms are needed to define the different
stems, vowel alternation, and vowel harmony.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -167,7 +158,7 @@ The rest of the noun paradigms are mostly covered by the three
heuristics.
</P>
<P>
Nouns with partitive <I>a///</I>ä// are a large group.
Nouns with partitive <I>a</I>,<I>ä</I> are a large group.
To determine for grade and vowel alternation, three forms are usually needed:
singular nominative and genitive, and plural partitive.
Examples: <I>talo</I>, <I>kukko</I>, <I>huippu</I>, <I>koira</I>, <I>kukka</I>, <I>syylä</I>, <I>särki</I>...
@@ -205,11 +196,12 @@ undergo regular weak-grade alternation:
<P></P>
<P>
Foreign words ending in consonants are actually similar to words like
<I>malli///</I>mallin<I>/</I>malleja<I>, with the exception that the //i</I> is not attached
<I>malli</I>-<I>mallin</I>-<I>malleja</I>, with the exception that the <I>i</I> is not attached
to the singular nominative. Examples: <I>linux</I>, <I>savett</I>, <I>screen</I>.
The singular partitive form is used to get the vowel harmony. (N.B. more than
1-syllabic words ending in <I>n</I> would have variant plural genitive and
partitive forms, like <I>sultanien///</I>sultaneiden//, which are not covered.)
The singular partitive form is used to get the vowel harmony.
(N.B. more than 1-syllabic words ending in <I>n</I> would have variant
plural genitive and partitive forms, like
<I>sultanien</I>, <I>sultaneiden</I>, which are not covered.)
</P>
<PRE>
nLinux : (linuxia : Str) -&gt; N ;
@@ -233,7 +225,7 @@ The following paradigm covers both nouns ending in an aspirated <I>e</I>, such a
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The following covers nouns with partitive <I>ta///</I>tä//, such as
The following covers nouns with partitive <I>ta</I>,<I>tä</I>, such as
<I>susi</I>, <I>vesi</I>, <I>pieni</I>. To get all stems and the vowel harmony, it takes
the singular nominative, genitive, and essive.
</P>
@@ -433,6 +425,8 @@ The verbs <I>be</I> is special.
vOlla : V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Two-place verbs need a case, and can have a pre- or postposition.
</P>
@@ -450,25 +444,25 @@ If the complement needs just a case, the following special function can be used.
<P>
Verbs with a direct (accusative) object
are special, since their complement case is finally decided in syntax.
But this is taken care of by <CODE>ClauseFin</CODE>.
But this is taken care of in <CODE>VerbFin</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Case -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- acc, allat
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- puhua, allative, elative
dirV3 : V -&gt; Case -&gt; V3 ; -- siirtää, (accusative), illative
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- antaa, (accusative), (allative)
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
<P>
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,

18
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsFre.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> French Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 15:08:18 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 21:02:44 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003
Aarne Ranta 2001 - 2006
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
separate module <A HREF="../../french/IrregFre.gf"><CODE>IrregFre</CODE></A>,
which covers all irregularly inflected verbs.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsFre =
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>la connection de x
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
relational noun (e.g. <I>la vieille église de</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
</P>
@@ -201,9 +201,9 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
Proper names need a string and a gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- Jean
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- Jean
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- masculine
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- feminine if "-e", masculine otherwise
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ To change it to <I>
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
(transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
(transitive verbs).
</P>
<PRE>
mkV2 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2 ;

19
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> German Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 14:53:14 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 20:58:18 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
Aarne Ranta &amp; Harald Hammarström 2003--2006
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularGer</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
separate module <A HREF="../../german/IrregGer.gf"><CODE>IrregGer</CODE></A>
which covers irregularly inflected verbs.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsGer = open
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ and the gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ;
-- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
-- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -167,7 +167,8 @@ The regular genitive is <I>s</I>, omitted after <I>s</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPN : (karolus, karoli : Str) -&gt; PN ; -- karolus, karoli
regPN : (Johann : Str) -&gt; PN ; -- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
regPN : (Johann : Str) -&gt; PN ;
-- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
@@ -319,9 +320,9 @@ Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
accdatV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- sprechen, mit, über
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- senden,(accusative),nach
accdatV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,accusative,dative
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>

44
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsIta.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Italian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 16:38:46 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 21:07:00 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
Aarne Ranta 2003
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
However, this function should only seldom be needed. For verbs, we have a
separate module <A HREF="../../italian/BeschIta.gf"><CODE>BeschIta</CODE></A>,
which covers the <I>Bescherelle</I> verb conjugations.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsIta =
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
<P>
Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
(including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
'dative' <I>à</I>).
amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>di</I> and the
'dative' <I>a</I>).
</P>
<PRE>
Prep : Type ;
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
Worst case: give both two forms and the gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (uomi,uomini : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ;
mkN : (uomo,uomini : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
<P>
Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
the second part is not inflected. e.g. <I>numéro de téléphone</I>.
the second part is not inflected. e.g. <I>numero di telefono</I>.
They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
they are frequent in lexica.
</P>
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>la connessione di x a y</I>) need two prepositi
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
relational noun (e.g. <I>la vecchia chiesa di</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
</P>
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ Proper names need a string and a gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ;
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- masculine
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- feminine if "-a", otherwise masculine
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ masculine singular.
<P>
These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
modification, as in <I>petite maison</I>), the following function is
modification, as in <I>vecchia chiesa</I>), the following function is
provided.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ the following pattern is used:
<P></P>
<P>
The regular pattern is the same as <CODE>regA</CODE> for plain adjectives,
with comparison by <I>plus</I>.
with comparison by <I>più</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
regADeg : Str -&gt; A ;
@@ -303,18 +303,18 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Verbs</H2>
<P>
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>er</I> or <I>ir</I>, the
latter with plural present indicative forms as <I>finissons</I>.
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>are</I> or <I>ire</I>, the
latter with singular present indicative forms as <I>finisco</I>.
The regular verb function is the first conjugation recognizes
these endings, as well as the variations among
<I>aimer, céder, placer, peser, jeter, placer, manger, assiéger, payer</I>.
<I>amare, cominciare, mangiare, legare, cercare</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
regV : Str -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The module <CODE>BeschIta</CODE> gives all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I>
The module <CODE>BeschIta</CODE> gives (almost) all the patterns of the <I>Bescherelle</I>
book. To use them in the category <CODE>V</CODE>, wrap them with the function
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -331,6 +331,16 @@ Reflexive implies <I>essere</I>.
reflV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
If <CODE>BeschIta</CODE> does not give the desired result or feels difficult
to consult, here is a worst-case function for <I>-ire</I> and <I>-ere</I> verbs,
taking 11 arguments.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV :
(udire,odo,ode,udiamo,udiro,udii,udisti,udi,udirono,odi,udito : Str) -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P>

44
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsNor.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 15:58:53 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 21:16:02 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
@@ -49,13 +49,14 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
Aarne Ranta 2003
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
It covers the <I>bokmål</I> variant of Norwegian.
</P>
<P>
Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural.gf</CODE>.
accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
The main difference with <CODE>MorphoNor.gf</CODE> is that the types
@@ -69,8 +70,8 @@ first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
separate module <A HREF="../../norwegian/IrregNor"><CODE>IrregNor</CODE></A>,
which covers irregularly inflected verbs.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsNor =
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ such as <I>fotboll</I>.
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
<P>
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
Relational nouns (<I>datter til x</I>) need a preposition.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
@@ -189,7 +190,8 @@ Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
form other prepositions.
</P>
<P>
Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepositions.
Three-place relational nouns (<I>forbindelse fra x til y</I>)
need two prepositions.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN3 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; N3 ;
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
relational noun (e.g. <I>den gamle kongen av</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
</P>
@@ -286,12 +288,12 @@ Just the comparison forms can be irregular.
Sometimes just the positive forms are irregular.
</P>
<PRE>
mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galna : Str) -&gt; A ;
mk3ADeg : (galen,galet,galne : Str) -&gt; A ;
mk2ADeg : (bred,bredt : Str) -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
If comparison is formed by <I>mer, //mest</I>, as in general for//
If comparison is formed by <I>mer</I>, <I>mest</I>, as in general for
long adjective, the following pattern is used:
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -302,11 +304,11 @@ long adjective, the following pattern is used:
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. <I>always</I>).
after the verb. Some follow the verb (e.g. <I>altid</I>).
</P>
<PRE>
mkAdv : Str -&gt; Adv ;
mkAdV : Str -&gt; AdV ;
mkAdv : Str -&gt; Adv ; -- e.g. her
mkAdV : Str -&gt; AdV ; -- e.g. altid
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@ In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H3>Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</H3>
<H3>Verbs with 'være' as auxiliary</H3>
<P>
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
</P>
@@ -359,7 +361,7 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
<P>
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
The particle, such as in <I>lukke opp</I>, is given as a string.
</P>
<PRE>
partV : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V ;
@@ -368,8 +370,8 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
<P>
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
reflexive e.g. <I>ångra sig</I>.
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>trives</I>, some as
reflexive e.g. <I>forestille seg</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
depV : V -&gt; V ;
@@ -395,9 +397,9 @@ Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- snakke, med, om
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- gi,_,til
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- gi,_,_
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>

90
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsRus.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Russian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 16:42:18 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 17:53:54 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
Janna Khegai 2003--2005
Janna Khegai 2003--2006
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural.gf</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
The main difference with <CODE>MorphoEng.gf</CODE> is that the types
The main difference with <CODE>MorphoRus.gf</CODE> is that the types
referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
@@ -51,9 +51,6 @@ The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
</P>
<P>
The following modules are presupposed:
@@ -121,7 +118,7 @@ Best case: indeclinabe nouns: <I>кофе</I>, <I>пальто</I>, <I>ВУЗ</I
animate: Animacy;
inanimate: Animacy;
mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; Animacy -&gt; N ;
mkIndeclinableNoun: Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; Animacy -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -135,7 +132,8 @@ to the Nominative or the Genetive one) is actually of no help,
since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; Animacy -&gt; N ;
mkN : (nomSg, genSg, datSg, accSg, instSg, preposSg,
nomPl, genPl, datPl, accPl, instPl, preposPl: Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; Animacy -&gt; N ;
-- мужчина, мужчины, мужчине, мужчину, мужчиной, мужчине
-- мужчины, мужчин, мужчинам, мужчин, мужчинами, мужчинах
@@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ Feminine patterns.
nEdinica : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-а", Inst -"единиц-ей"
nZhenchina : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, animate, ending with "-a"
nNoga : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "г_к_х-a"
nMalyariya : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ия"
nMalyariya : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ия"
nTetya : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, animate, ending with "-я"
nBol : Str -&gt; N ; -- feminine, inanimate, ending with "-ь"(soft sign)
</PRE>
@@ -178,7 +176,7 @@ Masculine patterns.
Ending with consonant:
</P>
<PRE>
nPepel : Str -&gt; N ; -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ел"- "пеп-ла"
nPepel : Str -&gt; N ; -- masculine, inanimate, ending with "-ел"- "пеп-ла"
nBrat: Str -&gt; N ; -- animate, брат-ья
nStul: Str -&gt; N ; -- same as above, but inanimate
@@ -209,7 +207,6 @@ Proper names.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; Animacy -&gt; PN ; -- "Иван", "Маша"
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ;
nounPN : N -&gt; PN ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
@@ -227,20 +224,16 @@ On the top level, it is maybe <CODE>CN</CODE> that is used rather than <CODE>N</
<P>
Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28 (4 by 7)
forms in the worst case:
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative Inanimate
Accusative Animate
Instructive
Prepositional
(Masculine | Feminine | Neutral | Plural) **
**
(Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative Inanimate | Accusative Animate |
Instructive | Prepositional)
Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included
in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for
positive degree.
mkA : ( : Str) -&gt; A ;
endings below:
The regular function captures the variants for some popular adjective
endings below. The first string agrument is the masculine singular form,
the second is comparative:
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -257,12 +250,12 @@ Invariable adjective is a special case.
<P>
Some regular patterns depending on the ending.
</P>
AStaruyj : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ый"
AMalenkij : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ий", Gen - "маленьк-ого"
AKhoroshij : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ий", Gen - "хорош-его"
AMolodoj : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ой",
<PRE>
AStaruyj : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ый"
AMalenkij : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ий", Gen - "маленьк-ого"
AKhoroshij : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ий", Gen - "хорош-его"
AMolodoj : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ой",
AKakoj_Nibud : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ой",
-- plural - молод-ые"
AKakoj_Nibud : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; Str -&gt; A ; -- ending with "-ой",
-- plural - "как-ие"
</PRE>
@@ -276,11 +269,11 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition and a case as extra arguments.
<P></P>
<P>
Comparison adjectives need a positive adjective
Taking only one comparative form (non-syntaxic) and
only one superlative form (syntaxic) we can produce the
(28 forms without short forms).
Taking only one comparative form (non-syntactic) and
only one superlative form (syntactic) we can produce the
non-syntaxic comparative form.
Syntaxic forms are based on the positive forms.
comparison adjective with only one extra argument -
non-syntactic comparative form.
Syntactic forms are based on the positive forms.
mkADeg : A -&gt; Str -&gt; ADeg ;
On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
@@ -289,8 +282,7 @@ ap : A -&gt; IsPostfixAdj -&gt; AP ;
</P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. <I>always</I>).
<P>
Adverbs are not inflected.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -305,29 +297,22 @@ In our lexicon description (<I>Verbum</I>) there are 62 forms:
[ [2(Number) by 3(Person)](present) + [2(Number) by 3(Person)](future) +
4(GenNum)(past) ](indicative)+ 4 (GenNum) (subjunctive) }
Participles (Present and Past) and Gerund forms are not included,
rather than verbs. Aspect regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb.
Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs. Actually,
the majority of verbs do not have many of the forms.
since they fuction more like Adjectives and Adverbs correspondingly
rather than verbs. Aspect is regarded as an inherent parameter of a verb.
Notice, that some forms are never used for some verbs.
</P>
<PRE>
Voice: Type;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Tense : Type;
</P>
<PRE>
Aspect: Type;
Bool: Type;
Conjugation: Type ;
first: Conjugation; -- "гуля-Ешь, гуля-Ем"
firstE: Conjugation; -- Verbs with vowel "ё": "даёшь" (give), "пьёшь" (drink)
second: Conjugation; -- "вид-Ишь, вид-Им"
mixed: Conjugation; -- "хоч-Ешь - хот-Им"
first: Conjugation; -- "гуля-Ешь, гуля-Ем"
firstE: Conjugation; -- Verbs with vowel "ё": "даёшь" (give), "пьёшь" (drink)
second: Conjugation; -- "вид-Ишь, вид-Им"
mixed: Conjugation; -- "хоч-Ешь - хот-Им"
dolzhen: Conjugation; -- irregular
true: Bool;
true: Bool;
false: Bool;
@@ -337,8 +322,6 @@ Tense : Type;
perfective: Aspect ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
present : Tense ;
past : Tense ;
<P>
The worst case need 6 forms of the present tense in indicative mood
(<I>я бегу</I>, <I>ты бежишь</I>, <I>он бежит</I>, <I>мы бежим</I>, <I>вы бежите</I>, <I>они бегут</I>),
@@ -346,7 +329,9 @@ a past form (singular, masculine: <I>я бежал</I>), an imperative form
(singular, second person: <I>беги</I>), an infinitive (<I>бежать</I>).
Inherent aspect should also be specified.
</P>
mkVerbum : Aspect -&gt; (_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -&gt; V ;
<PRE>
mkVerbum : Aspect -&gt; (presentSgP1,presentSgP2,presentSgP3,
presentPlP1,presentPlP2,presentPlP3,
pastSgMasculine,imperative,infinitive: Str) -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
@@ -362,7 +347,8 @@ So the definition for verb <I>любить</I> looks like:
So the definition for verb <I>любить</I> looks like:
regV Imperfective Second <I>люб</I> <I>лю</I> <I>любил</I> <I>люби</I> <I>любить</I>;
</P>
regV :Aspect -&gt; Conjugation -&gt; (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -&gt; V ;
<PRE>
regV :Aspect -&gt; Conjugation -&gt; (stemPresentSgP1,endingPresentSgP1,
pastSgP1,imperative,infinitive : Str) -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
@@ -384,6 +370,10 @@ a particle can be included in a <CODE>V</CODE>.
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить"
tvDirDir : V -&gt; V3 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->

36
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSpa.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Spanish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 16:29:51 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 21:33:43 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003
Aarne Ranta 2004 - 2006
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>. For
verbs, there is a fairly complete list of irregular verbs in
<A HREF="../../spanish/IrregSpa.gf"><CODE>IrregSpa</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsSpa =
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
Prepositions used in many-argument functions are either strings
(including the 'accusative' empty string) or strings that
amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
'dative' <I>à</I>).
'dative' <I>a</I>).
</P>
<PRE>
Prep : Type ;
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
and the gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (_,_ : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ; -- uomo, uomini, masculine
mkN : (_,_ : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ; -- bastón, bastones, masculine
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
<P>
Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
the second part is not inflected. e.g. <I>numéro de téléphone</I>.
the second part is not inflected. e.g. <I>número de teléfono</I>.
They could be formed in syntax, but we give a shortcut here since
they are frequent in lexica.
</P>
@@ -202,8 +204,8 @@ and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
Proper names need a string and a gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- Jean
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- masculine
mkPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- Juan
regPN : Str -&gt; PN ; -- feminine for "-a", otherwise masculine
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -221,7 +223,7 @@ Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
case (masc and fem singular, masc plural, adverbial).
</P>
<PRE>
mkA : (solo,sola,soli,sole, solamente : Str) -&gt; A ;
mkA : (solo,sola,solos,solas, solamiento : Str) -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ masculine singular. The types of adjectives that are recognized are
<P>
These functions create postfix adjectives. To switch
them to prefix ones (i.e. ones placed before the noun in
modification, as in <I>petite maison</I>), the following function is
modification, as in <I>bueno vino</I>), the following function is
provided.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -364,9 +366,9 @@ Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- parler, à, de
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- donner,_,à
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- donner,_,_
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- hablar, a, di
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- dar,(accusative),a
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- dar,(dative),(accusative)
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
@@ -379,9 +381,9 @@ questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
mkV0 : V -&gt; V0 ;
mkVS : V -&gt; VS ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2S ;
mkVV : V -&gt; VV ; -- plain infinitive: "je veux parler"
deVV : V -&gt; VV ; -- "j'essaie de parler"
aVV : V -&gt; VV ; -- "j'arrive à parler"
mkVV : V -&gt; VV ; -- plain infinitive: "quiero hablar"
deVV : V -&gt; VV ; -- "terminar de hablar"
aVV : V -&gt; VV ; -- "aprender a hablar"
mkV2V : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2V ;
mkVA : V -&gt; VA ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2A ;

39
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html
View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Swedish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 16:03:55 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 21:39:41 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
</UL>
<P></P>
@@ -46,10 +45,10 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003
Aarne Ranta 2001 - 2006
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
This is an API for the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularEng</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
separate module <A HREF="../../swedish/IrregSwe"><CODE>IrregSwe</CODE></A>,
which covers many irregular verbs.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsSwe =
@@ -176,7 +175,7 @@ such as <I>fotboll</I>.
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
<P>
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
Relational nouns (<I>dotter till x</I>) need a preposition.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
@@ -195,7 +194,8 @@ Use the function <CODE>mkPreposition</CODE> or see the section on prepositions b
form other prepositions.
</P>
<P>
Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepositions.
Three-place relational nouns (<I>förbindelse från x till y</I>)
need two prepositions.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN3 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; N3 ;
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
<P>
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
relational noun (e.g. <I>den före detta maken till</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
</P>
@@ -286,11 +286,12 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. <I>always</I>).
after the verb. Some can be preverbal in subordinate position
(e.g. <I>alltid</I>).
</P>
<PRE>
mkAdv : Str -&gt; Adv ;
mkAdV : Str -&gt; AdV ;
mkAdv : Str -&gt; Adv ; -- här
mkAdV : Str -&gt; AdV ; -- alltid
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ It is not really more powerful than the new implementation of
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregularSwe</CODE>.
There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregSwe</CODE>.
In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -377,9 +378,9 @@ Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- tala med om
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- ge _ till
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- ge _ _
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- tala, med, om
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- ge, (acc),till
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- ge, (dat), (acc)
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
@@ -416,12 +417,6 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<H2>Definitions of the paradigms</H2>
<P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt -->

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrase: Phrases and Utterances</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-14 22:58:47 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Last update: 2005-11-23 09:16:18 CET
Last update: 2005-11-17 17:36:49 CET
</P>
<P>
Produced by

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Predefined functions for concrete syntax</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-02-27 09:41:31 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 22:19:20 CET</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Last update: 2006-06-02 17:49:44 CEST
Last update: 2006-06-03 10:54:51 CEST
</P>
<P>
Produced by

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> A Small Predication Library</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-02-28 09:26:58 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 23:46:32 CET</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The GF Prelude</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-02-27 09:41:31 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 22:31:06 CET</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

4
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Question: Questions and Interrogative Pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:22:41 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ determiners.
<P></P>
<P>
More <CODE>IP</CODE>, <CODE>IDet</CODE>, and <CODE>IAdv</CODE> are defined in
<A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
<A HREF="Structural.html"><CODE>Structural</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
}

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-01-25 12:10:58 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:23:30 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ a pronoun similar to <I>such that</I>.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The more proper ways are from a verb phrase (formed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>)
or a sentence with a missing noun phrase (formed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>).
The more proper ways are from a verb phrase
(formed in <A HREF="Verb.html"><CODE>Verb</CODE></A>) or a sentence
with a missing noun phrase (formed in <A HREF="Sentence.html"><CODE>Sentence</CODE></A>).
</P>
<PRE>
RelVP : RP -&gt; VP -&gt; RCl ; -- who loves John

28
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Sentence: Sentences, Clauses, and Imperatives</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:24:56 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
<P>
The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization
gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative.
Clauses are converted to <CODE>S</CODE> (with fixed tense) in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
Clauses are converted to <CODE>S</CODE> (with fixed tense) with the
<CODE>UseCl</CODE> function below.
</P>
<PRE>
fun
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ subjects and (adverbial) complements.
<P>
These are the 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 forms generated by different
combinations of tense, polarity, and
anteriority, which are defined in <A HREF="Tense.html">Tense</A>.
anteriority, which are defined in <A HREF="Common.html"><CODE>Common</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
fun
@@ -110,27 +111,6 @@ anteriority, which are defined in <A HREF="Tense.html">Tense</A>.
}
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Examples for English <CODE>S</CODE>/<CODE>Cl</CODE>:
</P>
<P>
Pres Simul Pos ODir : he sleeps
Pres Simul Neg ODir : he doesn't sleep
Pres Anter Pos ODir : he has slept
Pres Anter Neg ODir : he hasn't slept
Past Simul Pos ODir : he slept
Past Simul Neg ODir : he didn't sleep
Past Anter Pos ODir : he had slept
Past Anter Neg ODir : he hadn't slept
Fut Simul Pos ODir : he will sleep
Fut Simul Neg ODir : he won't sleep
Fut Anter Pos ODir : he will have slept
Fut Anter Neg ODir : he won't have slept
Cond Simul Pos ODir : he would sleep
Cond Simul Neg ODir : he wouldn't sleep
Cond Anter Pos ODir : he would have slept
Cond Anter Neg ODir : he wouldn't have slept
</P>
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7
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Structural: Structural Words</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-22 19:26:01 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
<P>
Here we have some words belonging to closed classes and appearing
in all languages we have considered.
Sometimes they are not really meaningful, e.g. <CODE>we_Pron</CODE> in Spanish
should be replaced by masculine and feminine variants.
Sometimes more distinctions are needed, e.g. <CODE>we_Pron</CODE> in Spanish
should be replaced by masculine and feminine variants, found in
<A HREF="../spanish/ExtraSpa.gf"><CODE>ExtraSpa</CODE></A>.
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Structural = Cat ** {

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic expressions</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-03-17 14:11:37 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-03-17 12:02:40 CET</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Text: Texts</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-06-15 09:19:39 CEST</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-06-14 23:03:43 CEST</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: 2006-02-27 09:41:31 CET</I><BR>
<I>Last update: 2006-02-26 18:02:58 CET</I><BR>
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

4
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.0</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: Aarne Ranta &lt;aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se&gt;</I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jun 21 18:21:48 2006
Last update: Fri Jun 23 00:13:38 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -524,5 +524,5 @@ examples are from <CODE>multimodal/old</CODE>, which is a reduced-size API.
</P>
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