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@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@
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<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne">
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Aarne Ranta</a>,
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December 1, 2005, for (forthcoming) GF Version 2.4
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June 17, 2006, for (forthcoming) GF Version 2.6
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<p>
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Forth version: May 17, 2005, for GF Version 2.2.<br>
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Fifth version: December 1, 2005, for GF Version 2.4
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Fourth version: May 17, 2005, for GF Version 2.2.<br>
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Third version: June 25, 2003, for GF Version 1.2.<br>
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Second version: June 17, 2002, for GF Version 1.0.<br>
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First version: April 19, 2002.
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@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ The GF grammar language is described in other documents.
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<p>
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There is a separate
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<a href="javaGUImanual/javaGUImanual.htm">GF Java GUI Manual</a>.
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<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF2.0/doc/javaGUImanual/javaGUImanual.htm">Editor User Manual</a>.
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@@ -329,8 +330,8 @@ input for a command, so the pipe breaks there.
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The following is a copy of the current <tt>HelpFile</tt>.
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<pre>
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-- GF help file updated for GF 2.4, 1/12/2005.
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-- *: Commands and options marked with * are not yet implemented.
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-- GF help file updated for GF 2.6, 17/6/2006.
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-- *: Commands and options marked with * are currently not implemented.
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--
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-- Each command has a long and a short name, options, and zero or more
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-- arguments. Commands are sorted by functionality. The short name is
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@@ -351,6 +352,7 @@ i, import: i File
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.gfr precompiled GF resource
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.gfcm multilingual canonical GF
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.gfe example-based grammar files (only with the -ex option)
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.gfwl multilingual word list (preprocessed to abs + cncs)
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.ebnf Extended BNF format
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.cf Context-free (BNF) format
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.trc TransferCore format
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@@ -358,7 +360,8 @@ i, import: i File
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-old old: parse in GF<2.0 format (not necessary)
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-v verbose: give lots of messages
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-s silent: don't give error messages
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-src source: ignore precompiled gfc and gfr files
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-src from source: ignore precompiled gfc and gfr files
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-gfc from gfc: use compiled modules whenever they exist
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-retain retain operations: read resource modules (needed in comm cc)
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-nocf don't build context-free grammar (thus no parser)
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-nocheckcirc don't eliminate circular rules from CF
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@@ -367,6 +370,7 @@ i, import: i File
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-o do emit code (default with new grammar format)
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-ex preprocess .gfe files if needed
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-prob read probabilities from top grammar file (format --# prob Fun Double)
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-treebank read a treebank file to memory (xml format)
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flags:
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-abs set the name used for abstract syntax (with -old option)
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-cnc set the name used for concrete syntax (with -old option)
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@@ -375,12 +379,16 @@ i, import: i File
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-optimize select an optimization to override file-defined flags
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-conversion select parsing method (values strict|nondet)
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-probs read probabilities from file (format (--# prob) Fun Double)
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-preproc use a preprocessor on each source file
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-noparse read nonparsable functions from file (format --# noparse Funs)
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examples:
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i English.gf -- ordinary import of Concrete
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i -retain german/ParadigmsGer.gf -- import of Resource to test
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r, reload: r
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Executes the previous import (i) command.
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* rl, remove_language: rl Language
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rl, remove_language: rl Language
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Takes away the language from the state.
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e, empty: e
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@@ -432,6 +440,8 @@ pg, print_grammar: pg
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flags:
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-printer
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-lang
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-startcat -- The start category of the generated grammar.
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Only supported by some grammar printers.
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examples:
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pg -printer=cf -- show the context-free skeleton
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@@ -481,11 +491,11 @@ l, linearize: l PattList? Tree
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HINT: see GF language specification for the syntax of Pattern and Term.
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You can also copy and past parsing results.
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options:
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-table show parameters
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-struct bracketed form
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-record record, i.e. explicit GF concrete syntax term
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-all show all forms and variants
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-multi linearize to all languages (the other options don't work)
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-table show parameters (not compatible with -record, -all)
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-record record, i.e. explicit GF concrete syntax term (not compatible with -table, -all)
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-all show all forms and variants (not compatible with -record, -table)
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-multi linearize to all languages (can be combined with the other options)
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flags:
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-lang linearize in this grammar
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-number give this number of forms at most
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@@ -498,15 +508,18 @@ p, parse: p String
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grammar (overridden by the -lang flag), in the category S (overridden
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by the -cat flag).
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options for batch input:
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-lines parse each line of input separately, ignoring empty lines
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-all as -lines, but also parse empty lines
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-prob rank results by probability
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-cut stop after first lexing result leading to parser success
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-lines parse each line of input separately, ignoring empty lines
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-all as -lines, but also parse empty lines
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-prob rank results by probability
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-cut stop after first lexing result leading to parser success
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-fail show strings whose parse fails prefixed by #FAIL
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-ambiguous show strings that have more than one parse prefixed by #AMBIGUOUS
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options for selecting parsing method:
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(default)parse using an overgenerating CFG
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-cfg parse using a much less overgenerating CFG
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-mcfg parse using an even less overgenerating MCFG
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Note: the first time parsing with -cfg or -mcfg might take a long time
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-fcfg parse using a faster variant of MCFG
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Note: the first time parsing with -cfg, -mcfg, and -fcfg might take a long time
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options that only work for the default parsing method:
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-n non-strict: tolerates morphological errors
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-ign ignore unknown words when parsing
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@@ -531,6 +544,37 @@ at, apply_transfer: at (Module.Fun | Fun)
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examples:
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p -lang=Cncdecimal "123" | at num2bin | l -- convert dec to bin
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tb, tree_bank: tb
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Generate a multilingual treebank from a list of trees (default) or compare
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to an existing treebank.
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options:
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-c compare to existing xml-formatted treebank
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-trees return the trees of the treebank
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-all show all linearization alternatives (branches and variants)
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-table show tables of linearizations with parameters
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-record show linearization records
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-xml wrap the treebank (or comparison results) with XML tags
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-mem write the treebank in memory instead of a file TODO
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examples:
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gr -cat=S -number=100 | tb -xml | wf tb.xml -- random treebank into file
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rf tb.xml | tb -c -- compare-test treebank from file
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rf old.xml | tb -trees | tb -xml -- create new treebank from old
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ut, use_treebank: ut String
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Lookup a string in a treebank and return the resulting trees.
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Use 'tb' to create a treebank and 'i -treebank' to read one from
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a file.
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options:
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-assocs show all string-trees associations in the treebank
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-strings show all strings in the treebank
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-trees show all trees in the treebank
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-raw return the lookup result as string, without typechecking it
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flags:
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-treebank use this treebank (instead of the latest introduced one)
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examples:
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ut "He adds this to that" | l -multi -- use treebank lookup as parser in translation
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ut -assocs | grep "ComplV2" -- show all associations with ComplV2
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tt, test_tokenizer: tt String
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Show the token list sent to the parser when String is parsed.
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HINT: can be useful when debugging the parser.
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@@ -606,18 +650,22 @@ gt, generate_trees: gt Tree?
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command completes the Tree with values to the metavariables in
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the tree.
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options:
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-metas also return trees that include metavariables
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-metas also return trees that include metavariables
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flags:
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-depth generate to this depth (default 3)
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-atoms take this number of atomic rules of each category (default unlimited)
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-alts take this number of alternatives at each branch (default unlimited)
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-cat generate in this category
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-lang use the abstract syntax of this grammar
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-number generate (at most) this number of trees
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-depth generate to this depth (default 3)
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-atoms take this number of atomic rules of each category (default unlimited)
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-alts take this number of alternatives at each branch (default unlimited)
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-cat generate in this category
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-lang use the abstract syntax of this grammar
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-number generate (at most) this number of trees
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-noexpand don't expand these categories (comma-separated, e.g. -noexpand=V,CN)
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-doexpand only expand these categories (comma-separated, e.g. -doexpand=V,CN)
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examples:
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gt -depth=10 -cat=NP -- generate all NP's to depth 10
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gt (PredVP ? (NegVG ?)) -- generate all trees of this form
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gt -cat=S -tr | l -- gererate and linearize
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gt -depth=10 -cat=NP -- generate all NP's to depth 10
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gt (PredVP ? (NegVG ?)) -- generate all trees of this form
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gt -cat=S -tr | l -- generate and linearize
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gt -noexpand=NP | l -mark=metacat -- the only NP is meta, linearized "?0 +NP"
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gt | l | p -lines -ambiguous | grep "#AMBIGUOUS" -- show ambiguous strings
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ma, morphologically_analyse: ma String
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Runs morphological analysis on each word in String and displays
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@@ -782,12 +830,21 @@ sa, speak_aloud: sa String
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h | sa -- listen to the list of commands
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gr -cat=S | l | sa -- generate a random sentence and speak it aloud
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si, speech_input: si
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Uses an ATK speech recognizer to get speech input.
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flags:
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-lang: The grammar to use with the speech recognizer.
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-cat: The grammar category to get input in.
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-language: Use acoustic model and dictionary for this language.
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-number: The number of utterances to recognize.
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h, help: h Command?
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Displays the paragraph concerning the command from this help file.
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Without the argument, shows the first lines of all paragraphs.
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options
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-all show the whole help file
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-defs show user-defined commands and terms
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-FLAG show the values of FLAG (works for grammar-independent flags)
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examples:
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h print_grammar -- show all information on the pg command
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@@ -855,7 +912,6 @@ q, quit: q
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Each of the flags can have the suffix _subs, which performs
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common subexpression elimination after the main optimization.
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Thus, -optimize=all_subs is the most aggressive one.
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-optimize=share share common branches in tables
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-optimize=parametrize first try parametrize then do share with the rest
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-optimize=values represent tables as courses-of-values
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@@ -893,8 +949,15 @@ q, quit: q
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-printer=jsgf Java Speech Grammar Format
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-printer=srgs_xml SRGS XML format
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-printer=srgs_xml_prob SRGS XML format, with weights
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-printer=srgs_xml_ms_sem SRGS XML format, with semantic tags for the
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Microsoft Speech API.
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-printer=vxml Generate a dialogue system in VoiceXML.
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-printer=slf a finite automaton in the HTK SLF format
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-printer=slf_graphviz the same automaton as in SLF, but in Graphviz format
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-printer=slf_graphviz the same automaton as slf, but in Graphviz format
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-printer=slf_sub a finite automaton with sub-automata in the
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HTK SLF format
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-printer=slf_sub_graphviz the same automaton as slf_sub, but in
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Graphviz format
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-printer=fa_graphviz a finite automaton with labelled edges
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-printer=regular a regular grammar in a simple BNF
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-printer=unpar a gfc grammar with parameters eliminated
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@@ -912,12 +975,14 @@ q, quit: q
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-startcat, like -cat, but used in grammars (to avoid clash with keyword cat)
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-transform, transformation performed on a syntax tree. The default is identity.
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-transform=identity no change
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-transform=compute compute by using definitions in the grammar
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-transform=typecheck return the term only if it is type-correct
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-transform=solve solve metavariables as derived refinements
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-transform=context solve metavariables by unique refinements as variables
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-transform=delete replace the term by metavariable
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-transform=identity no change
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-transform=compute compute by using definitions in the grammar
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-transform=nodup return the term only if it has no constants duplicated
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-transform=nodupatom return the term only if it has no atomic constants duplicated
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-transform=typecheck return the term only if it is type-correct
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-transform=solve solve metavariables as derived refinements
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-transform=context solve metavariables by unique refinements as variables
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-transform=delete replace the term by metavariable
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-unlexer, untokenization transforming linearization output into a string.
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The default is unwords.
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@@ -929,7 +994,17 @@ q, quit: q
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-unlexer=concat remove all spaces
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-unlexer=bind like identity, but bind at "&+"
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-- *: Commands and options marked with * are currently not implemented.
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-mark, marking of parts of tree in linearization. The default is none.
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-mark=metacat append "+CAT" to every metavariable, showing its category
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-mark=struct show tree structure with brackets
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-mark=java show tree structure with XML tags (used in gfeditor)
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-coding, Some grammars are in UTF-8, some in isolatin-1.
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If the letters ä (a-umlaut) and ö (o-umlaut) look strange, either
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change your terminal to isolatin-1, or rewrite the grammar with
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'pg -utf8'.
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-- *: Commands and options marked with * are not currently implemented.
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</pre>
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@@ -952,7 +1027,7 @@ a Fudget GUI, and a Java GUI. They all use the same abstract command language,
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the difference being that the subshell has a string syntax for each command,
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whereas the GUIs mostly use menus and buttons to issue commands.
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There is a separate
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<a href="javaGUImanual/javaGUImanual.htm">GF Java GUI Manual</a>.
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<a href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~aarne/GF2.0/doc/javaGUImanual/javaGUImanual.htm">Editor User Manual</a>.
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<p>
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aarne