msyds/gf-core
1
0
Fork 0
forked from GitHub/gf-core
Code Pull Requests Activity

refreshed documentation

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
aarne
2006-01-16 21:47:59 +00:00
parent 698ead9016
commit 4b6e4fe707
25 changed files with 500 additions and 805 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

27
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Question.gf
View File

@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
--1 Questions and interrogative pronouns
abstract Question = Cat ** {
-- A question can be formed from a clause ('yes-no question') or
-- with an interrogative.
fun
QuestCl : Cl -> QCl ; -- does John walk
QuestVP : IP -> VP -> QCl ; -- who walks
QuestSlash : IP -> Slash -> QCl ; -- who does John love
QuestIAdv : IAdv -> Cl -> QCl ; -- why does John walk
QuestCl : Cl -> QCl ;
QuestVP : IP -> VP -> QCl ;
QuestSlash : IP -> Slash -> QCl ;
QuestIAdv : IAdv -> Cl -> QCl ;
-- Interrogative pronouns can be formed with interrogative
-- determiners.
PrepIP : Prep -> IP -> IAdv ;
AdvIP : IP -> Adv -> IP ;
IDetCN : IDet -> Num -> Ord -> CN -> IP ;
IDetCN : IDet -> Num -> Ord -> CN -> IP; -- which five best songs
AdvIP : IP -> Adv -> IP ; -- who in Europe
PrepIP : Prep -> IP -> IAdv ; -- with whom
-- More $IP$, $IDet$, and $IAdv$ are defined in
-- [Structural Structural.html].
}

12
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html
View File

@@ -6,17 +6,13 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adjectives and adjectival phrases</A>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
@@ -25,8 +21,6 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Adjective = Cat ** {
@@ -71,6 +65,6 @@ by <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adjective.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

12
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html
View File

@@ -6,17 +6,13 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adverbs and adverbial phrases</A>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
@@ -25,8 +21,6 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
@@ -76,6 +70,6 @@ Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adverb.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Basic = Cat ** {
fun
@@ -251,6 +247,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Basic.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

59
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html
View File

@@ -6,30 +6,27 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The category system</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The category system</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Top-level units</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Tensed sentences</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Questions and interrogatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectival phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Numerals</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Structural words</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Words of open classes</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Top-level units</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Tensed sentences</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Questions and interrogatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectival phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Numerals</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Structural words</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Words of open classes</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -39,15 +36,13 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The category system</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Cat = {
cat
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Top-level units</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
@@ -59,7 +54,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Tensed sentences</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
@@ -71,7 +66,7 @@ A simplified variant, with just present forms, is <A HREF="Untensed.html">Untens
RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Clauses</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
@@ -83,7 +78,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Questions and interrogatives</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
@@ -95,7 +90,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "which"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H2>Relative clauses and pronouns</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
@@ -105,7 +100,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H2>Verb phrases</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
@@ -115,7 +110,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H2>Adjectival phrases</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
@@ -124,7 +119,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H2>Nouns and noun phrases</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
@@ -150,7 +145,7 @@ as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
@@ -163,7 +158,7 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
AdN ; -- numeral-modifying adverb, e.g. "more than"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Numerals</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
@@ -172,7 +167,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal, e.g. "five/fifth"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Structural words</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
@@ -186,7 +181,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H2>Words of open classes</H2>
<P>
These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexicon modules.
@@ -213,6 +208,6 @@ These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexico
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Cat.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:49 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
@@ -54,6 +50,6 @@ These categories are internal to this module.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Conjunction.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Lang =
Noun,
@@ -43,6 +39,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lang.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

10
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Lex = Cat ** {
@@ -66,7 +62,7 @@ structural
always_AdV : AdV ;
one_Numeral, forty_Numeral : Numeral ;
forty_Numeral : Numeral ;
in_Prep, of_Prep : Prep ;
@@ -84,6 +80,6 @@ structural
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lex.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html
View File

@@ -18,17 +18,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Math = Cat ** {
</PRE>
@@ -63,6 +59,6 @@ This produces <I>x, y and z</I>, in English.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Math.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

23
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html
View File

@@ -6,21 +6,18 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:50 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Determiners</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Common nouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Determiners</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Common nouns</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -30,13 +27,11 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Noun = Cat ** {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Noun phrases</H2>
<P>
The three main types of noun phrases are
@@ -62,7 +57,7 @@ A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a Predeterminer.
PredetNP : Predet -&gt; NP -&gt; NP; -- only the man
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Determiners</H2>
<P>
The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
@@ -151,7 +146,7 @@ in semantically odd expressions.
<P>
Other determiners are defined in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
</P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Common nouns</H2>
<P>
Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
@@ -197,6 +192,6 @@ to decide. Sentential complements are defined in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Noun.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html
View File

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
@@ -22,9 +21,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<P>
numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation
</P>
<PRE>
@@ -60,6 +56,6 @@ numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Numeral.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

34
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html
View File

@@ -29,11 +29,12 @@
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with a particle.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Other complement patterns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Reflexive verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Two-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Definitions of paradigms</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Definitions of paradigms</A>
</UL>
</UL>
@@ -41,8 +42,7 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
@@ -50,9 +50,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -189,7 +186,7 @@ Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
<P></P>
<P>
The most common preposition is <I>of</I>, and the following is a
shortcut for regular, <CODE>nonhuman</CODE> relational nouns with <I>of</I>.
shortcut for regular relational nouns with <I>of</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
regN2 : Str -&gt; N2 ;
@@ -390,6 +387,15 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<H3>Reflexive verbs</H3>
<P>
By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
</P>
<PRE>
reflV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
@@ -401,7 +407,7 @@ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
@@ -413,7 +419,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
<P>
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
@@ -447,13 +453,13 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
<H2>Definitions of paradigms</H2>
<P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc english/ParadigmsEng.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

898
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html
View File

@@ -9,12 +9,30 @@
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">German Lexical Paradigms</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Adjectives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Prepositions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verbs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Three-place verbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Other complement patterns</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Definitions of paradigms</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
@@ -22,574 +40,316 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<P>
--# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
</P>
<P>
--1 German Lexical Paradigms
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
--
-- This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
-- for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
-- expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
--
-- Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
-- accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural.gf</CODE>.
--
-- The main difference with <CODE>MorphoGer.gf</CODE> is that the types
-- referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
-- had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
-- than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
--
-- The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
-- first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
-- regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
-- escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
-- However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
-- separate module <CODE>IrregularGer</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
-- words.
--
-- The following modules are presupposed:
</P>
<P>
resource ParadigmsGer = open
(Predef=Predef),
Prelude,
MorphoGer,
CatGer
in {
--2 Parameters
--
-- To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
</P>
<P>
oper
Gender : Type ;
</P>
<P>
human : Gender ;
nonhuman : Gender ;
masculine : Gender ;
feminite : Gender ;
</P>
<P>
-- To abstract over number names, we define the following.
</P>
<P>
Number : Type ;
</P>
<P>
singular : Number ;
plural : Number ;
</P>
<P>
-- To abstract over case names, we define the following.
</P>
<P>
Case : Type ;
</P>
<P>
nominative : Case ;
genitive : Case ;
</P>
<P>
-- Prepositions are used in many-argument functions for rection.
</P>
<P>
Preposition : Type ;
</P>
<P>
--2 Nouns
</P>
<P>
-- Worst case: give all four forms and the semantic gender.
</P>
<P>
mkN : (man,men,man's,men's : Str) -&gt; N ;
</P>
<P>
-- The regular function captures the variants for nouns ending with
-- <I>s</I>,<I>sh</I>,<I>x</I>,<I>z</I> or <I>y</I>: <I>kiss - kisses</I>, <I>flash - flashes</I>;
-- <I>fly - flies</I> (but <I>toy - toys</I>),
</P>
<P>
regN : Str -&gt; N ;
</P>
<P>
-- In practice the worst case is just: give singular and plural nominative.
</P>
<P>
mk2N : (man,men : Str) -&gt; N ;
</P>
<P>
-- All nouns created by the previous functions are marked as
-- <CODE>nonhuman</CODE>. If you want a <CODE>human</CODE> noun, wrap it with the following
-- function:
</P>
<P>
genderN : Gender -&gt; N -&gt; N ;
</P>
<P>
--3 Compound nouns
--
-- All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
-- such as <I>baby boom</I>.
</P>
<P>
--3 Relational nouns
--
-- Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
</P>
<P>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N2 ;
</P>
<P>
-- The most common preposition is <I>of</I>, and the following is a
-- shortcut for regular, <CODE>nonhuman</CODE> relational nouns with <I>of</I>.
</P>
<P>
regN2 : Str -&gt; N2 ;
</P>
<P>
-- Use the function <CODE>mkPreposition</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
-- form other prepositions.
--
-- Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepositions.
</P>
<P>
mkN3 : N -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N3 ;
</P>
<P>
--3 Relational common noun phrases
--
-- In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
-- relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>).
</P>
<P>
cnN2 : CN -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N2 ;
cnN3 : CN -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; N3 ;
</P>
<P>
--
--3 Proper names and noun phrases
--
-- Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
</P>
<P>
regPN : Str -&gt; Gender -&gt; PN ; -- John, John's
</P>
<P>
-- Sometimes you can reuse a common noun as a proper name, e.g. <I>Bank</I>.
</P>
<P>
nounPN : N -&gt; PN ;
</P>
<P>
-- To form a noun phrase that can also be plural and have an irregular
-- genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
</P>
<P>
mkNP : Str -&gt; Str -&gt; Number -&gt; Gender -&gt; NP ;
</P>
<P>
--2 Adjectives
</P>
<P>
-- Non-comparison one-place adjectives need two forms: one for
-- the adjectival and one for the adverbial form (<I>free - freely</I>)
</P>
<P>
mkA : (free,freely : Str) -&gt; A ;
</P>
<P>
-- For regular adjectives, the adverbial form is derived. This holds
-- even for cases with the variation <I>happy - happily</I>.
</P>
<P>
regA : Str -&gt; A ;
</P>
<P>
--3 Two-place adjectives
--
-- Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
</P>
<P>
mkA2 : A -&gt; Preposition -&gt; A2 ;
</P>
<P>
-- Comparison adjectives may two more forms.
</P>
<P>
ADeg : Type ;
</P>
<P>
mkADeg : (good,better,best,well : Str) -&gt; ADeg ;
</P>
<P>
-- The regular pattern recognizes two common variations:
-- <I>-e</I> (<I>rude</I> - <I>ruder</I> - <I>rudest</I>) and
-- <I>-y</I> (<I>happy - happier - happiest - happily</I>)
</P>
<P>
regADeg : Str -&gt; ADeg ; -- long, longer, longest
</P>
<P>
-- However, the duplication of the final consonant is nor predicted,
-- but a separate pattern is used:
</P>
<P>
duplADeg : Str -&gt; ADeg ; -- fat, fatter, fattest
</P>
<P>
-- If comparison is formed by <I>more, //most</I>, as in general for//
-- long adjective, the following pattern is used:
</P>
<P>
compoundADeg : A -&gt; ADeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
</P>
<P>
-- From a given <CODE>ADeg</CODE>, it is possible to get back to <CODE>A</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
adegA : ADeg -&gt; A ;
</P>
<P>
--2 Adverbs
</P>
<P>
-- Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
-- after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. <I>always</I>).
</P>
<P>
mkAdv : Str -&gt; Adv ;
mkAdV : Str -&gt; AdV ;
</P>
<P>
-- Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
</P>
<P>
mkAdA : Str -&gt; AdA ;
</P>
<P>
--2 Prepositions
--
-- A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
-- build <CODE>PP</CODE>s in the resource API, just requires a string.
</P>
<P>
mkPreposition : Str -&gt; Preposition ;
mkPrep : Str -&gt; Prep ;
</P>
<P>
-- (These two functions are synonyms.)
</P>
<P>
--2 Verbs
--
-- Except for <I>be</I>, the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
-- the third person singular present, the past indicative, and the
-- past and present participles.
</P>
<P>
mkV : (go, goes, went, gone, going : Str) -&gt; V ;
</P>
<P>
-- The regular verb function recognizes the special cases where the last
-- character is <I>y</I> (<I>cry - cries</I> but <I>buy - buys</I>) or <I>s</I>, <I>sh</I>, <I>x</I>, <I>z</I>
-- (<I>fix - fixes</I>, etc).
</P>
<P>
regV : Str -&gt; V ;
</P>
<P>
-- The following variant duplicates the last letter in the forms like
-- <I>rip - ripped - ripping</I>.
</P>
<P>
regDuplV : Str -&gt; V ;
</P>
<P>
-- There is an extensive list of irregular verbs in the module <CODE>IrregularGer</CODE>.
-- In practice, it is enough to give three forms,
-- e.g. <I>drink - drank - drunk</I>, with a variant indicating consonant
-- duplication in the present participle.
</P>
<P>
irregV : (drink, drank, drunk : Str) -&gt; V ;
irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -&gt; V ;
</P>
<P>
--3 Verbs with a particle.
--
-- The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
</P>
<P>
partV : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V ;
</P>
<P>
--3 Two-place verbs
--
-- Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
-- (transitive verbs). Notice that a particle comes from the <CODE>V</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
mkV2 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V2 ;
</P>
<P>
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</P>
<P>
--3 Three-place verbs
--
-- Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
-- the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<P>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Preposition -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
dirdirV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</P>
<P>
--3 Other complement patterns
--
-- Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
-- questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
</P>
<P>
mkV0 : V -&gt; V0 ;
mkVS : V -&gt; VS ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2S ;
mkVV : V -&gt; VV ;
mkV2V : V -&gt; Str -&gt; Str -&gt; V2V ;
mkVA : V -&gt; VA ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2A ;
mkVQ : V -&gt; VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -&gt; Str -&gt; V2Q ;
</P>
<P>
mkAS : A -&gt; AS ;
mkA2S : A -&gt; Str -&gt; A2S ;
mkAV : A -&gt; AV ;
mkA2V : A -&gt; Str -&gt; A2V ;
</P>
<P>
-- Notice: categories <CODE>V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q</CODE> are in v 1.0 treated
-- just as synonyms of <CODE>V2</CODE>, and the second argument is given
-- as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
-- <CODE>V0</CODE> is just <CODE>V</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
V0, V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q : Type ;
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</P>
<P>
--2 Definitions of paradigms
--
-- The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
-- hidden from the document.
--.
</P>
<P>
Gender = MorphoGer.Gender ;
Number = MorphoGer.Number ;
Case = MorphoGer.Case ;
human = Masc ;
nonhuman = Neutr ;
masculine = Masc ;
feminine = Fem ;
singular = Sg ;
plural = Pl ;
nominative = Nom ;
genitive = Gen ;
</P>
<P>
Preposition = Str ;
</P>
<P>
regN = \ray -&gt;
let
ra = Predef.tk 1 ray ;
y = Predef.dp 1 ray ;
r = Predef.tk 2 ray ;
ay = Predef.dp 2 ray ;
rays =
case y of {
<I>y</I> =&gt; y2ie ray <I>s</I> ;
<I>s</I> =&gt; ray + <I>es</I> ;
<I>z</I> =&gt; ray + <I>es</I> ;
<I>x</I> =&gt; ray + <I>es</I> ;
_ =&gt; case ay of {
<I>sh</I> =&gt; ray + <I>es</I> ;
<I>ch</I> =&gt; ray + <I>es</I> ;
_ =&gt; ray + <I>s</I>
}
}
in
mk2N ray rays ;
</P>
<P>
mk2N = \man,men -&gt;
let mens = case last men of {
<I>s</I> =&gt; men + <I>'</I> ;
_ =&gt; men + <I>'s</I>
}
in
mkN man men (man + <I>'s</I>) mens ;
</P>
<P>
mkN = \man,men,man's,men's -&gt;
mkNoun man man's men men's **** {g = Neutr ; lock_N = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
genderN g man = {s = man.s ; g = g ; lock_N = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkN2 = \n,p -&gt; n **** {lock_N2 = &lt;&gt; ; c2 = p} ;
regN2 n = mkN2 (regN n) (mkPreposition <I>of</I>) ;
mkN3 = \n,p,q -&gt; n **** {lock_N3 = &lt;&gt; ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
cnN2 = \n,p -&gt; n **** {lock_N2 = &lt;&gt; ; c2 = p} ;
cnN3 = \n,p,q -&gt; n **** {lock_N3 = &lt;&gt; ; c2 = p ; c3 = q} ;
</P>
<P>
regPN n g = nameReg n g **** {lock_PN = &lt;&gt;} ;
nounPN n = {s = n.s ! singular ; g = n.g ; lock_PN = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkNP x y n g = {s = table {Gen =&gt; x ; _ =&gt; y} ; a = agrP3 n ;
lock_NP = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkA a b = mkAdjective a a a b **** {lock_A = &lt;&gt;} ;
regA a = regAdjective a **** {lock_A = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkA2 a p = a **** {c2 = p ; lock_A2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
ADeg = A ; ----
</P>
<P>
mkADeg a b c d = mkAdjective a b c d **** {lock_A = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
regADeg happy =
let
happ = init happy ;
y = last happy ;
happie = case y of {
<I>y</I> =&gt; happ + <I>ie</I> ;
<I>e</I> =&gt; happy ;
_ =&gt; happy + <I>e</I>
} ;
happily = case y of {
<I>y</I> =&gt; happ + <I>ily</I> ;
_ =&gt; happy + <I>ly</I>
} ;
in mkADeg happy (happie + <I>r</I>) (happie + <I>st</I>) happily ;
</P>
<P>
duplADeg fat =
mkADeg fat
(fat + last fat + <I>er</I>) (fat + last fat + <I>est</I>) (fat + <I>ly</I>) ;
</P>
<P>
compoundADeg a =
let ad = (a.s ! AAdj Posit)
in mkADeg ad (<I>more</I> ++ ad) (<I>most</I> ++ ad) (a.s ! AAdv) ;
</P>
<P>
adegA a = a ;
</P>
<P>
mkAdv x = ss x **** {lock_Adv = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkAdV x = ss x **** {lock_AdV = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkAdA x = ss x **** {lock_AdA = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkPreposition p = p ;
mkPrep p = ss p **** {lock_Prep = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkV a b c d e = mkVerb a b c d e **** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
regV cry =
let
cr = init cry ;
y = last cry ;
cries = (regN cry).s ! Pl ! Nom ; -- !
crie = init cries ;
cried = case last crie of {
<I>e</I> =&gt; crie + <I>d</I> ;
_ =&gt; crie + <I>ed</I>
} ;
crying = case y of {
<I>e</I> =&gt; case last cr of {
<I>e</I> =&gt; cry + <I>ing</I> ;
_ =&gt; cr + <I>ing</I>
} ;
_ =&gt; cry + <I>ing</I>
}
in mkV cry cries cried cried crying ;
</P>
<P>
regDuplV fit =
let fitt = fit + last fit in
mkV fit (fit + <I>s</I>) (fitt + <I>ed</I>) (fitt + <I>ed</I>) (fitt + <I>ing</I>) ;
</P>
<P>
irregV x y z = let reg = (regV x).s in
mkV x (reg ! VPres) y z (reg ! VPresPart) **** {s1 = [] ; lock_V = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
irregDuplV fit y z =
let
fitting = (regDuplV fit).s ! VPresPart
in
mkV fit (fit + <I>s</I>) y z fitting ;
</P>
<P>
partV v p = verbPart v p **** {lock_V = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkV2 v p = v **** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p ; lock_V2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
dirV2 v = mkV2 v [] ;
</P>
<P>
mkV3 v p q = v **** {s = v.s ; s1 = v.s1 ; c2 = p ; c3 = q ; lock_V3 = &lt;&gt;} ;
dirV3 v p = mkV3 v [] p ;
dirdirV3 v = dirV3 v [] ;
</P>
<P>
mkVS v = v **** {lock_VS = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkVV v = v **** {c2 = <I>to</I> ; lock_VV = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkVQ v = v **** {lock_VQ = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
V0 : Type = V ;
V2S, V2V, V2Q, V2A : Type = V2 ;
AS, A2S, AV : Type = A ;
A2V : Type = A2 ;
</P>
<P>
mkV0 v = v **** {lock_V = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkV2S v p = mkV2 v p **** {lock_V2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkV2V v p t = mkV2 v p **** {s4 = t ; lock_V2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkVA v = v **** {lock_VA = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkV2A v p = mkV2 v p **** {lock_V2A = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkV2Q v p = mkV2 v p **** {lock_V2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
mkAS v = v **** {lock_A = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkA2S v p = mkA2 v p **** {lock_A = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkAV v = v **** {lock_A = &lt;&gt;} ;
mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p **** {lock_A2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
</P>
<P>
} ;
# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>German Lexical Paradigms</H1>
<P>
Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
</P>
<P>
This is an API to the user of the resource grammar
for adding lexical items. It gives functions for forming
expressions of open categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs.
</P>
<P>
Closed categories (determiners, pronouns, conjunctions) are
accessed through the resource syntax API, <CODE>Structural.gf</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
The main difference with <CODE>MorphoGer.gf</CODE> is that the types
referred to are compiled resource grammar types. We have moreover
had the design principle of always having existing forms, rather
than stems, as string arguments of the paradigms.
</P>
<P>
The structure of functions for each word class <CODE>C</CODE> is the following:
first we give a handful of patterns that aim to cover all
regular cases. Then we give a worst-case function <CODE>mkC</CODE>, which serves as an
escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
However, this function should only seldom be needed: we have a
separate module <CODE>IrregularGer</CODE>, which covers all irregularly inflected
words.
</P>
<PRE>
resource ParadigmsGer = open
(Predef=Predef),
Prelude,
MorphoGer,
CatGer
in {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Parameters</H2>
<P>
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
</P>
<PRE>
oper
Gender : Type ;
masculine : Gender ;
feminine : Gender ;
neuter : Gender ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
To abstract over case names, we define the following.
</P>
<PRE>
Case : Type ;
nominative : Case ;
accusative : Case ;
dative : Case ;
genitive : Case ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
To abstract over number names, we define the following.
</P>
<PRE>
Number : Type ;
singular : Number ;
plural : Number ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Nouns</H2>
<P>
Worst case: give all four singular forms, two plural forms (others + dative),
and the gender.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ;
-- mann, mann, manne, mannes, männer, männern
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The regular heuristics recognizes some suffixes, from which it
guesses the gender and the declension: <I>e, ung, ion</I> give the
feminine with plural ending <I>-n, -en</I>, and the rest are masculines
with the plural <I>-e</I> (without Umlaut).
</P>
<PRE>
regN : Str -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The 'almost regular' case is much like the information given in an ordinary
dictionary. It takes the singular and plural nominative and the
gender, and infers the other forms from these.
</P>
<PRE>
reg2N : (x1,x2 : Str) -&gt; Gender -&gt; N ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Relational nouns need a preposition. The most common is <I>von</I> with
the dative. Some prepositions are constructed in <A HREF="StructuralGer.html">StructuralGer</A>.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN2 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; N2 ;
vonN2 : N -&gt; N2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Use the function <CODE>mkPrep</CODE> or see the section on prepositions below to
form other prepositions.
</P>
<P>
Three-place relational nouns (<I>die Verbindung von x nach y</I>) need two prepositions.
</P>
<PRE>
mkN3 : N -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; N3 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
<P>
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
The regular genitive is <I>s</I>, omitted after <I>s</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPN : (karolus, karoli : Str) -&gt; PN ; -- karolus, karoli
regPN : (Johann : Str) -&gt; PN ; -- Johann, Johanns ; Johannes, Johannes
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
<P>
Adjectives need four forms: two for the positive and one for the other degrees.
</P>
<PRE>
mkA : (x1,_,_,x4 : Str) -&gt; A ; -- gut,gut,besser,best
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
The regular adjective formation works for most cases, and includes
variations such as <I>teuer - teurer</I>, <I>böse - böser</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
regA : Str -&gt; A ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Invariable adjective are a special case.
</P>
<PRE>
invarA : Str -&gt; A ; -- prima
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Two-place adjectives are formed by adding a preposition to an adjective.
</P>
<PRE>
mkA2 : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
<P>
A preposition is formed from a string and a case.
</P>
<PRE>
mkPrep : Str -&gt; Case -&gt; Prep ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Often just a case with the empty string is enough.
</P>
<PRE>
accPrep : Prep ;
datPrep : Prep ;
genPrep : Prep ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
A couple of common prepositions (always with the dative).
</P>
<PRE>
von_Prep : Prep ;
zu_Prep : Prep ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H2>Verbs</H2>
<P>
The worst-case constructor needs six forms:
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Infinitive,
<LI>3p sg pres. indicative,
<LI>2p sg imperative,
<LI>1/3p sg imperfect indicative,
<LI>1/3p sg imperfect subjunctive (because this uncommon form can have umlaut)
<LI>the perfect participle
<PRE>
mkV : (x1,_,_,_,_,x6 : Str) -&gt; V ; -- geben, gibt, gib, gab, gäbe, gegeben
</PRE>
<P></P>
Weak verbs are sometimes called regular verbs.
<PRE>
regV : Str -&gt; V ; -- führen
</PRE>
<P></P>
Irregular verbs use Ablaut and, in the worst cases, also Umlaut.
<PRE>
irregV : (x1,_,_,_,x5 : Str) -&gt; V ; -- sehen, sieht, sah, sähe, gesehen
</PRE>
<P></P>
To remove the past participle prefix <I>ge</I>, e.g. for the verbs
prefixed by <I>be-, ver-</I>.
<PRE>
no_geV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
To add a movable suffix e.g. <I>auf(fassen)</I>.
<PRE>
prefixV : Str -&gt; V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
To change the auxiliary from <I>haben</I> (default) to <I>sein</I> and
vice-versa.
<PRE>
seinV : V -&gt; V ;
habenV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
Reflexive verbs can take reflexive pronouns of different cases.
<PRE>
reflV : V -&gt; Case -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
=== Two-place verbs===
</UL>
<P>
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object
(accusative, transitive verbs). There is also a case for dative objects.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV2 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2 ;
dirV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
datV2 : V -&gt; V2 ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
<P>
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
the first one or both can be absent.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- speak, with, about
dirV3 : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,to
accdatV3 : V -&gt; V3 ; -- give,_,_
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
<P>
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
questions, verb phrases, and adjectives.
</P>
<PRE>
mkV0 : V -&gt; V0 ;
mkVS : V -&gt; VS ;
mkV2S : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2S ;
mkVV : V -&gt; VV ;
mkV2V : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2V ;
mkVA : V -&gt; VA ;
mkV2A : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2A ;
mkVQ : V -&gt; VQ ;
mkV2Q : V -&gt; Prep -&gt; V2Q ;
mkAS : A -&gt; AS ;
mkA2S : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2S ;
mkAV : A -&gt; AV ;
mkA2V : A -&gt; Prep -&gt; A2V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Notice: categories <CODE>V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q</CODE> are in v 1.0 treated
just as synonyms of <CODE>V2</CODE>, and the second argument is given
as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
<CODE>V0</CODE> is just <CODE>V</CODE>.
</P>
<PRE>
V0, V2S, V2V, V2A, V2Q : Type ;
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Definitions of paradigms</H2>
<P>
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc german/ParadigmsGer.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

12
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html
View File

@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
@@ -51,9 +50,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<P>
# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -383,10 +379,12 @@ The particle, such as in <I>passa p
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
<P>
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>.
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
reflexive e.g. <I>ångra sig</I>.
</P>
<PRE>
depV : V -&gt; V ;
reflV : V -&gt; V ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
@@ -454,6 +452,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
hidden from the document.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

12
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html
View File

@@ -6,17 +6,13 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrases and utterances</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Phrases and utterances</A>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
@@ -25,8 +21,6 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Phrases and utterances</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
</PRE>
@@ -87,6 +81,6 @@ which may be overgenerating (e.g. <I>I</I>).
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Phrase.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

52
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html
View File

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> Questions and interrogative pronouns</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -13,36 +17,46 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Question = Cat ** {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
A question can be formed from a clause ('yes-no question') or
with an interrogative.
</P>
<PRE>
fun
QuestCl : Cl -&gt; QCl ; -- does John walk
QuestVP : IP -&gt; VP -&gt; QCl ; -- who walks
QuestSlash : IP -&gt; Slash -&gt; QCl ; -- who does John love
QuestIAdv : IAdv -&gt; Cl -&gt; QCl ; -- why does John walk
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Interrogative pronouns can be formed with interrogative
determiners.
</P>
<PRE>
IDetCN : IDet -&gt; Num -&gt; Ord -&gt; CN -&gt; IP; -- which five best songs
AdvIP : IP -&gt; Adv -&gt; IP ; -- who in Europe
QuestCl : Cl -&gt; QCl ;
QuestVP : IP -&gt; VP -&gt; QCl ;
QuestSlash : IP -&gt; Slash -&gt; QCl ;
QuestIAdv : IAdv -&gt; Cl -&gt; QCl ;
PrepIP : Prep -&gt; IP -&gt; IAdv ;
AdvIP : IP -&gt; Adv -&gt; IP ;
IDetCN : IDet -&gt; Num -&gt; Ord -&gt; CN -&gt; IP ;
PrepIP : Prep -&gt; IP -&gt; IAdv ; -- with whom
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
More <CODE>IP</CODE>, <CODE>IDet</CODE>, and <CODE>IAdv</CODE> are defined in
<A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
</P>
<PRE>
}
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Question.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Relative = Cat ** {
@@ -40,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Relative.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

27
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html
View File

@@ -6,22 +6,19 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:51 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Imperatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Embedded sentences</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Imperatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Embedded sentences</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -31,13 +28,11 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Clauses</H2>
<P>
The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization
@@ -58,7 +53,7 @@ is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
PredSCVP : SC -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ; -- that you go makes me happy
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Clauses missing object noun phrases</H2>
<P>
This category is a variant of the 'slash category' <CODE>S/NP</CODE> of
@@ -76,7 +71,7 @@ the style of CCG.
SlashPrep : Cl -&gt; Prep -&gt; Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Imperatives</H2>
<P>
An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
@@ -87,7 +82,7 @@ To fix these parameters, see <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
ImpVP : VP -&gt; Imp ; -- go
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Embedded sentences</H2>
<P>
Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
@@ -102,6 +97,6 @@ subjects and (adverbial) complements.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Sentence.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract SeqConjunction = Cat ** {
</PRE>
@@ -74,6 +70,6 @@ we use right-associative lists instead of GF's built-in lists
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/SeqConjunction.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

12
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html
View File

@@ -6,17 +6,13 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</A>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
@@ -25,8 +21,6 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
<P>
AR 21/11/2003 -- 30/11/2005
</P>
@@ -164,6 +158,6 @@ they8fem_NP : NP ;
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Structural.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Tense = {
@@ -41,6 +37,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Tense.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Tensed = Cat, Tense ** {
@@ -36,6 +32,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Tensed.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Test =
Noun,
@@ -43,6 +39,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Test.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

8
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html
View File

@@ -13,17 +13,13 @@
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:52 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<P>
==
</P>
<PRE>
abstract Untensed = Cat ** {
@@ -36,6 +32,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Untensed.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

27
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html
View File

@@ -6,22 +6,19 @@
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
<I>Last update: Mon Jan 16 22:47:53 2006</I><BR>
% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of verb phrases</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Complementization rules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Complements to copula</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Coercions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Complementization rules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Complements to copula</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Coercions</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -31,13 +28,11 @@ Produced by
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The construction of verb phrases</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Verb = Cat ** {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H2>Complementization rules</H2>
<P>
Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
@@ -57,7 +52,7 @@ complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
ComplV2A : V2A -&gt; NP -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ; -- paint the house red
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
<H2>Other ways of forming verb phrases</H2>
<P>
Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
@@ -98,7 +93,7 @@ vs. next to (or before) the verb.
<B>Agents of passives</B> are constructed as adverbs with the
preposition <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.8agent_Prep</CODE>.
</P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Complements to copula</H2>
<P>
Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
@@ -109,7 +104,7 @@ Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
CompAdv : Adv -&gt; Comp ; -- (be) here
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Coercions</H2>
<P>
Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways,
@@ -124,6 +119,6 @@ work in all the languages we cover.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Verb.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>