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redocumenting resource

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aarne
2006-01-25 13:52:15 +00:00
parent 3a69241209
commit 9dc877cead
73 changed files with 392 additions and 263 deletions
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14
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--1 The category system
abstract Cat = {
abstract Cat = Tense ** {
cat
@@ -13,19 +13,13 @@ abstract Cat = {
Utt ; -- sentence, question, word... e.g. "be quiet"
Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling"
--2 Tensed sentences
--2 Sentences and clauses
-- Constructed in [Tensed Tensed.html].
-- A simplified variant, with just present forms, is [Untensed Untensed.html].
-- Constructed in [Sentence Sentence.html].
S ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "she lived here"
QS ; -- question e.g. "where did she live"
RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived"
--2 Clauses
-- Constructed in [Sentence Sentence.html].
Cl ; -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this"
Slash ; -- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG) e.g. "she looks at"
Imp ; -- imperative e.g. "look at this"
@@ -108,7 +102,7 @@ abstract Cat = {
--2 Words of open classes
-- These are constructed in [Basic Basic.html] and in additional lexicon modules.
-- These are constructed in [Lexicon Lexicon.html] and in additional lexicon modules.
V ; -- one-place verb e.g. "sleep"
V2 ; -- two-place verb e.g. "love"

3
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Lang.gf
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@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ abstract Lang =
Relative,
Conjunction,
Phrase,
Tensed,
Structural,
Basic
Lexicon
** {} ;

4
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Basic.gf → lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Lexicon.gf
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
--1 A Basic Lexicon
--1 A Lexicon Lexicon
-- This files gives a list of words whose purpose is to test the GF
-- resource grammar. It covers all lexical categories of [Cat Cat.html].
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
-- of the words in different languages are not guaranteed to be translation
-- equivalents.
abstract Basic = Cat ** {
abstract Lexicon = Cat ** {
fun
add_V3 : V3 ;
airplane_N : N ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--1 Phrases and utterances
abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
abstract Phrase = Cat ** {
-- When a phrase is built from an utterance it can be prefixed
-- with a phrasal conjunction (such as "but", "therefore")

32
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
--1 Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements
--1 Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements
abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
@@ -49,5 +49,35 @@ abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
EmbedQS : QS -> SC ; -- whether you go
EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; -- to go
--2 Sentences
-- These are the 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 forms generated by different
-- combinations of tense, polarity, and
-- anteriority, which are defined in [Tense Tense.html].
fun
UseCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> Cl -> S ;
UseQCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> QCl -> QS ;
UseRCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> RCl -> RS ;
}
-- Examples for English $S$/$Cl$:
{-
Pres Simul Pos ODir : he sleeps
Pres Simul Neg ODir : he doesn't sleep
Pres Anter Pos ODir : he has slept
Pres Anter Neg ODir : he hasn't slept
Past Simul Pos ODir : he slept
Past Simul Neg ODir : he didn't sleep
Past Anter Pos ODir : he had slept
Past Anter Neg ODir : he hadn't slept
Fut Simul Pos ODir : he will sleep
Fut Simul Neg ODir : he won't sleep
Fut Anter Pos ODir : he will have slept
Fut Anter Neg ODir : he won't have slept
Cond Simul Pos ODir : he would sleep
Cond Simul Neg ODir : he wouldn't sleep
Cond Anter Pos ODir : he would have slept
Cond Anter Neg ODir : he wouldn't have slept
-}

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60
lib/resource-1.0/doc/Lang.dot Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
digraph {
size = "12,8" ;
Lang [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Lang.gf"];
Lang -> Noun [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Verb [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Adjective [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Adverb [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Numeral [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Sentence [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Question [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Relative [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Conjunction [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Phrase [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Structural [style = "solid"];
Lang -> Lexicon [style = "solid"];
Noun [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Noun.gf"];
Noun -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Verb [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Verb.gf"];
Verb -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Adjective [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Adjective.gf"];
Adjective -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Adverb [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Adverb.gf"];
Adverb -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Numeral [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Numeral.gf"];
Numeral -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Sentence [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Sentence.gf"];
Sentence -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Question [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Question.gf"];
Question -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Relative [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Relative.gf"];
Relative -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Conjunction [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Conjunction.gf"];
Conjunction -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Phrase [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Phrase.gf"];
Phrase -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Structural [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Structural.gf"];
Structural -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Lexicon [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Lexicon.gf"];
Lexicon -> Cat [style = "solid"];
Cat [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Cat.gf"];
Cat -> Tense [style = "solid"];
Tense [style = "solid", shape = "ellipse", URL = "Tense.gf"];
}

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159
lib/resource-1.0/doc/Resource-HOWTO.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>Resource grammar writing HOWTO</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: Aarne Ranta &lt;aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se&gt;</I><BR>
Last update: Thu Jan 5 23:19:40 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 14:52:10 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -29,21 +29,22 @@ Last update: Thu Jan 5 23:19:40 2006
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Lock fields</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Lexicon construction</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Inside phrase category modules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Inside grammar modules</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Noun</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Verb</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Adjective</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">The category system</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Phrase category modules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Resource modules</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Lexicon</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Lexicon extension</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Lexicon extension</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">The irregularity lexicon</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Lexicon extraction from a word list</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc19">Lexicon extraction from raw text data</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc20">Extending the resource grammar API</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">The irregularity lexicon</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc19">Lexicon extraction from a word list</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc20">Lexicon extraction from raw text data</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc21">Extending the resource grammar API</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc21">Writing an instance of parametrized resource grammar implementation</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc22">Parametrizing a resource grammar implementation</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc22">Writing an instance of parametrized resource grammar implementation</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc23">Parametrizing a resource grammar implementation</A>
</UL>
<P></P>
@@ -72,16 +73,8 @@ The following figure gives the dependencies of these modules.
<IMG ALIGN="left" SRC="Lang.png" BORDER="0" ALT="">
</P>
<P>
It is advisable to start with a simpler subset of the API, which
leaves out certain complicated but not always necessary things:
tenses and most part of the lexicon.
</P>
<P>
<IMG ALIGN="middle" SRC="Test.png" BORDER="0" ALT="">
</P>
<P>
The module structure is rather flat: almost every module is a direct
parent of the top module (<CODE>Lang</CODE> or <CODE>Test</CODE>). The idea
parent of the top module <CODE>Lang</CODE>. The idea
is that you can concentrate on one linguistic aspect at a time, or
also distribute the work among several authors.
</P>
@@ -137,20 +130,6 @@ can skip the <CODE>lincat</CODE> definition of a category and use the default
<CODE>{s : Str}</CODE> until you need to change it to something else. In
English, for instance, most categories do have this linearization type!
</P>
<P>
As a slight asymmetry in the module diagrams, you find the following
modules:
</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>Tense</CODE>: defines the parameters of polarity, anteriority, and tense
<LI><CODE>Tensed</CODE>: defines how sentences use those parameters
<LI><CODE>Untensed</CODE>: makes sentences use the polarity parameter only
</UL>
<P>
The full resource API (<CODE>Lang</CODE>) uses <CODE>Tensed</CODE>, whereas the
restricted <CODE>Test</CODE> API uses <CODE>Untensed</CODE>.
</P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H3>Lexical modules</H3>
<P>
@@ -165,29 +144,22 @@ API, the latter rule is sometimes violated in some languages.
Another characterization of lexical is that lexical units can be added
almost <I>ad libitum</I>, and they cannot be defined in terms of already
given rules. The lexical modules of the resource API are thus more like
samples than complete lists. There are three such modules:
samples than complete lists. There are two such modules:
</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>Structural</CODE>: structural words (determiners, conjunctions,...)
<LI><CODE>Basic</CODE>: basic everyday content words (nouns, verbs,...)
<LI><CODE>Lex</CODE>: a very small sample of both structural and content words
<LI><CODE>Lexicon</CODE>: basic everyday content words (nouns, verbs,...)
</UL>
<P>
The module <CODE>Structural</CODE> aims for completeness, and is likely to
be extended in future releases of the resource. The module <CODE>Basic</CODE>
be extended in future releases of the resource. The module <CODE>Lexicon</CODE>
gives a "random" list of words, which enable interesting testing of syntax,
and also a check list for morphology, since those words are likely to include
most morphological patterns of the language.
</P>
<P>
The module <CODE>Lex</CODE> is used in <CODE>Test</CODE> instead of the two
larger modules. Its purpose is to provide a quick way to test the
syntactic structures of the phrase category modules without having to implement
the larger lexica.
</P>
<P>
In the case of <CODE>Basic</CODE> it may come out clearer than anywhere else
In the case of <CODE>Lexicon</CODE> it may come out clearer than anywhere else
in the API that it is impossible to give exact translation equivalents in
different languages on the level of a resource grammar. In other words,
application grammars are likely to use the resource in different ways for
@@ -254,9 +226,9 @@ of resource v. 1.0.
lines in the previous step) - but you uncommenting the first
and the last lines will actually do the job for many of the files.
<P></P>
<LI>Now you can open the grammar <CODE>TestGer</CODE> in GF:
<LI>Now you can open the grammar <CODE>LangGer</CODE> in GF:
<PRE>
gf TestGer.gf
gf LangGer.gf
</PRE>
You will get lots of warnings on missing rules, but the grammar will compile.
<P></P>
@@ -267,7 +239,7 @@ of resource v. 1.0.
</PRE>
tells you what exactly is missing.
<P></P>
Here is the module structure of <CODE>TestGer</CODE>. It has been simplified by leaving out
Here is the module structure of <CODE>LangGer</CODE>. It has been simplified by leaving out
the majority of the phrase category modules. Each of them has the same dependencies
as e.g. <CODE>VerbGer</CODE>.
<P></P>
@@ -296,7 +268,7 @@ only one. So you will find yourself iterating the following steps:
<P></P>
<LI>To be able to test the construction,
define some words you need to instantiate it
in <CODE>LexGer</CODE>. Again, it can be helpful to define some simple-minded
in <CODE>LexiconGer</CODE>. Again, it can be helpful to define some simple-minded
morphological paradigms in <CODE>ResGer</CODE>, in particular worst-case
constructors corresponding to e.g.
<CODE>ResEng.mkNoun</CODE>.
@@ -307,8 +279,8 @@ only one. So you will find yourself iterating the following steps:
cc mkNoun "Brief" "Briefe" Masc
</PRE>
<P></P>
<LI>Uncomment <CODE>NounGer</CODE> and <CODE>LexGer</CODE> in <CODE>TestGer</CODE>,
and compile <CODE>TestGer</CODE> in GF. Then test by parsing, linearization,
<LI>Uncomment <CODE>NounGer</CODE> and <CODE>LexiconGer</CODE> in <CODE>LangGer</CODE>,
and compile <CODE>LangGer</CODE> in GF. Then test by parsing, linearization,
and random generation. In particular, linearization to a table should
be used so that you see all forms produced:
<PRE>
@@ -321,8 +293,9 @@ only one. So you will find yourself iterating the following steps:
<P>
You are likely to run this cycle a few times for each linearization rule
you implement, and some hundreds of times altogether. There are 159
<CODE>funs</CODE> in <CODE>Test</CODE> (at the moment).
you implement, and some hundreds of times altogether. There are 66 <CODE>cat</CODE>s and
458 <CODE>funs</CODE> in <CODE>Lang</CODE> at the moment; 149 of the <CODE>funs</CODE> are outside the two
lexicon modules).
</P>
<P>
Of course, you don't need to complete one phrase category module before starting
@@ -335,7 +308,8 @@ Here is a <A HREF="../german/log.txt">live log</A> of the actual process of
building the German implementation of resource API v. 1.0.
It is the basis of the more detailed explanations, which will
follow soon. (You will found out that these explanations involve
a rational reconstruction of the live process!)
a rational reconstruction of the live process! Among other things, the
API was changed during the actual process to make it more intuitive.)
</P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H3>Resource modules used</H3>
@@ -343,8 +317,9 @@ a rational reconstruction of the live process!)
These modules will be written by you.
</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>ResGer</CODE>: parameter types and auxiliary operations
<LI><CODE>MorphoGer</CODE>: complete inflection engine; not needed for <CODE>Test</CODE>.
<LI><CODE>ParamGer</CODE>: parameter types
<LI><CODE>ResGer</CODE>: auxiliary operations (a resource for the resource grammar!)
<LI><CODE>MorphoGer</CODE>: complete inflection engine
</UL>
<P>
@@ -439,7 +414,7 @@ the application grammarian may need to use, e.g.
<P>
These constants are defined in terms of parameter types and constructors
in <CODE>ResGer</CODE> and <CODE>MorphoGer</CODE>, which modules are are not
accessible to the application grammarian.
visible to the application grammarian.
</P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H3>Lock fields</H3>
@@ -509,16 +484,54 @@ use of the paradigms in <CODE>BasicGer</CODE> gives a good set of examples for
those who want to build new lexica.
</P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H2>Inside phrase category modules</H2>
<H2>Inside grammar modules</H2>
<P>
So far we just give links to the implementations of each API.
More explanation iś to follow - but many detail implementation tricks
are only found in the cooments of the modules.
</P>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<H3>Noun</H3>
<H3>The category system</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Cat.html">Cat</A>, <A HREF="gfdoc/CatGer.html">CatGer</A>
</UL>
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
<H3>Verb</H3>
<H3>Phrase category modules</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Tense.html">Tense</A>, <A HREF="../german/TenseGer.gf">TenseGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Noun.html">Noun</A>, <A HREF="../german/NounGer.gf">NounGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Adjective.html">Adjective</A>, <A HREF="../german/AdjectiveGer.gf">AdjectiveGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Verb.html">Verb</A>, <A HREF="../german/VerbGer.gf">VerbGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Adverb.html">Adverb</A>, <A HREF="../german/AdverbGer.gf">AdverbGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Numeral.html">Numeral</A>, <A HREF="../german/NumeralGer.gf">NumeralGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Sentence.html">Sentence</A>, <A HREF="../german/SentenceGer.gf">SentenceGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Question.html">Question</A>, <A HREF="../german/QuestionGer.gf">QuestionGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Relative.html">Relative</A>, <A HREF="../german/RelativeGer.gf">RelativeGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Conjunction.html">Conjunction</A>, <A HREF="../german/ConjunctionGer.gf">ConjunctionGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Phrase.html">Phrase</A>, <A HREF="../german/PhraseGer.gf">PhraseGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Lang.html">Lang</A>, <A HREF="../german/LangGer.gf">LangGer</A>
</UL>
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
<H3>Adjective</H3>
<H3>Resource modules</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="../german/ParamGer.gf">ParamGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="../german/ResGer.gf">ResGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="../german/MorphoGer.gf">MorphoGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html">ParadigmsGer</A>, <A HREF="../german/ParadigmsGer.gf">ParadigmsGer.gf</A>
</UL>
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
<H2>Lexicon extension</H2>
<H3>Lexicon</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Structural.html">Structural</A>, <A HREF="../german/StructuralGer.gf">StructuralGer</A>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Lexicon.html">Lexicon</A>, <A HREF="../german/LexiconGer.gf">LexiconGer</A>
</UL>
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
<H2>Lexicon extension</H2>
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
<H3>The irregularity lexicon</H3>
<P>
It may be handy to provide a separate module of irregular
@@ -528,7 +541,7 @@ few hundred perhaps. Building such a lexicon separately also
makes it less important to cover <I>everything</I> by the
worst-case paradigms (<CODE>mkV</CODE> etc).
</P>
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
<A NAME="toc19"></A>
<H3>Lexicon extraction from a word list</H3>
<P>
You can often find resources such as lists of
@@ -538,10 +551,10 @@ page gives a list of verbs in the
traditional tabular format, which begins as follows:
</P>
<PRE>
backen (du bäckst, er bäckt) backte [buk] gebacken
backen (du bäckst, er bäckt) backte [buk] gebacken
befehlen (du befiehlst, er befiehlt; befiehl!) befahl (beföhle; befähle) befohlen
beginnen begann (begönne; begänne) begonnen
beißen biß gebissen
beginnen begann (begönne; begänne) begonnen
beißen biß gebissen
</PRE>
<P>
All you have to do is to write a suitable verb paradigm
@@ -563,7 +576,7 @@ When using ready-made word lists, you should think about
coyright issues. Ideally, all resource grammar material should
be provided under GNU General Public License.
</P>
<A NAME="toc19"></A>
<A NAME="toc20"></A>
<H3>Lexicon extraction from raw text data</H3>
<P>
This is a cheap technique to build a lexicon of thousands
@@ -571,7 +584,7 @@ of words, if text data is available in digital format.
See the <A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</A>
homepage for details.
</P>
<A NAME="toc20"></A>
<A NAME="toc21"></A>
<H3>Extending the resource grammar API</H3>
<P>
Sooner or later it will happen that the resource grammar API
@@ -580,7 +593,7 @@ that it does not include idiomatic expressions in a given language.
The solution then is in the first place to build language-specific
extension modules. This chapter will deal with this issue.
</P>
<A NAME="toc21"></A>
<A NAME="toc22"></A>
<H2>Writing an instance of parametrized resource grammar implementation</H2>
<P>
Above we have looked at how a resource implementation is built by
@@ -595,10 +608,10 @@ use parametrized modules. The advantages are
</UL>
<P>
In this chapter, we will look at an example: adding Portuguese to
In this chapter, we will look at an example: adding Italian to
the Romance family.
</P>
<A NAME="toc22"></A>
<A NAME="toc23"></A>
<H2>Parametrizing a resource grammar implementation</H2>
<P>
This is the most demanding form of resource grammar writing.
@@ -614,6 +627,6 @@ This chapter will work out an example of how an Estonian grammar
is constructed from the Finnish grammar through parametrization.
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -\-toc -thtml Resource-HOWTO.txt -->
</BODY></HTML>

130
lib/resource-1.0/doc/Resource-HOWTO.txt
View File

@@ -30,18 +30,8 @@ The following figure gives the dependencies of these modules.
[Lang.png]
It is advisable to start with a simpler subset of the API, which
leaves out certain complicated but not always necessary things:
tenses and most part of the lexicon.
[Test.png]
The module structure is rather flat: almost every module is a direct
parent of the top module (``Lang`` or ``Test``). The idea
parent of the top module ``Lang``. The idea
is that you can concentrate on one linguistic aspect at a time, or
also distribute the work among several authors.
@@ -78,8 +68,6 @@ For instance, noun phrases, which are constructed in ``Noun``, are
used as arguments of functions of almost all other phrase category modules.
How can we build all these modules independently of each other?
As usual in typeful programming, the //only// thing you need to know
about an object you use is its type. When writing a linearization rule
for a GF abstract syntax function, the only thing you need to know is
@@ -99,19 +87,6 @@ English, for instance, most categories do have this linearization type!
As a slight asymmetry in the module diagrams, you find the following
modules:
- ``Tense``: defines the parameters of polarity, anteriority, and tense
- ``Tensed``: defines how sentences use those parameters
- ``Untensed``: makes sentences use the polarity parameter only
The full resource API (``Lang``) uses ``Tensed``, whereas the
restricted ``Test`` API uses ``Untensed``.
===Lexical modules===
What is lexical and what is syntactic is not as clearcut in GF as in
@@ -121,34 +96,22 @@ that the ``lin`` consists of only one token (or of a table whose values
are single tokens). Even in the restricted lexicon included in the resource
API, the latter rule is sometimes violated in some languages.
Another characterization of lexical is that lexical units can be added
almost //ad libitum//, and they cannot be defined in terms of already
given rules. The lexical modules of the resource API are thus more like
samples than complete lists. There are three such modules:
samples than complete lists. There are two such modules:
- ``Structural``: structural words (determiners, conjunctions,...)
- ``Basic``: basic everyday content words (nouns, verbs,...)
- ``Lex``: a very small sample of both structural and content words
- ``Lexicon``: basic everyday content words (nouns, verbs,...)
The module ``Structural`` aims for completeness, and is likely to
be extended in future releases of the resource. The module ``Basic``
be extended in future releases of the resource. The module ``Lexicon``
gives a "random" list of words, which enable interesting testing of syntax,
and also a check list for morphology, since those words are likely to include
most morphological patterns of the language.
The module ``Lex`` is used in ``Test`` instead of the two
larger modules. Its purpose is to provide a quick way to test the
syntactic structures of the phrase category modules without having to implement
the larger lexica.
In the case of ``Basic`` it may come out clearer than anywhere else
In the case of ``Lexicon`` it may come out clearer than anywhere else
in the API that it is impossible to give exact translation equivalents in
different languages on the level of a resource grammar. In other words,
application grammars are likely to use the resource in different ways for
@@ -215,9 +178,9 @@ of resource v. 1.0.
lines in the previous step) - but you uncommenting the first
and the last lines will actually do the job for many of the files.
+ Now you can open the grammar ``TestGer`` in GF:
+ Now you can open the grammar ``LangGer`` in GF:
```
gf TestGer.gf
gf LangGer.gf
```
You will get lots of warnings on missing rules, but the grammar will compile.
@@ -228,7 +191,7 @@ of resource v. 1.0.
```
tells you what exactly is missing.
Here is the module structure of ``TestGer``. It has been simplified by leaving out
Here is the module structure of ``LangGer``. It has been simplified by leaving out
the majority of the phrase category modules. Each of them has the same dependencies
as e.g. ``VerbGer``.
@@ -255,7 +218,7 @@ only one. So you will find yourself iterating the following steps:
+ To be able to test the construction,
define some words you need to instantiate it
in ``LexGer``. Again, it can be helpful to define some simple-minded
in ``LexiconGer``. Again, it can be helpful to define some simple-minded
morphological paradigms in ``ResGer``, in particular worst-case
constructors corresponding to e.g.
``ResEng.mkNoun``.
@@ -266,8 +229,8 @@ only one. So you will find yourself iterating the following steps:
cc mkNoun "Brief" "Briefe" Masc
```
+ Uncomment ``NounGer`` and ``LexGer`` in ``TestGer``,
and compile ``TestGer`` in GF. Then test by parsing, linearization,
+ Uncomment ``NounGer`` and ``LexiconGer`` in ``LangGer``,
and compile ``LangGer`` in GF. Then test by parsing, linearization,
and random generation. In particular, linearization to a table should
be used so that you see all forms produced:
```
@@ -279,30 +242,30 @@ only one. So you will find yourself iterating the following steps:
You are likely to run this cycle a few times for each linearization rule
you implement, and some hundreds of times altogether. There are 159
``funs`` in ``Test`` (at the moment).
you implement, and some hundreds of times altogether. There are 66 ``cat``s and
458 ``funs`` in ``Lang`` at the moment; 149 of the ``funs`` are outside the two
lexicon modules).
Of course, you don't need to complete one phrase category module before starting
with the next one. Actually, a suitable subset of ``Noun``,
``Verb``, and ``Adjective`` will lead to a reasonable coverage
very soon, keep you motivated, and reveal errors.
Here is a [live log ../german/log.txt] of the actual process of
building the German implementation of resource API v. 1.0.
It is the basis of the more detailed explanations, which will
follow soon. (You will found out that these explanations involve
a rational reconstruction of the live process!)
a rational reconstruction of the live process! Among other things, the
API was changed during the actual process to make it more intuitive.)
===Resource modules used===
These modules will be written by you.
- ``ResGer``: parameter types and auxiliary operations
- ``MorphoGer``: complete inflection engine; not needed for ``Test``.
- ``ParamGer``: parameter types
- ``ResGer``: auxiliary operations (a resource for the resource grammar!)
- ``MorphoGer``: complete inflection engine
These modules are language-independent and provided by the existing resource
@@ -389,7 +352,7 @@ the application grammarian may need to use, e.g.
```
These constants are defined in terms of parameter types and constructors
in ``ResGer`` and ``MorphoGer``, which modules are are not
accessible to the application grammarian.
visible to the application grammarian.
===Lock fields===
@@ -418,16 +381,12 @@ In this way, the user of a resource grammar cannot confuse adverbs with
conjunctions. In other words, the lock fields force the type checker
to function as grammaticality checker.
When the resource grammar is ``open``ed in an application grammar, the
lock fields are never seen (except possibly in type error messages),
and the application grammarian should never write them herself. If she
has to do this, it is a sign that the resource grammar is incomplete, and
the proper way to proceed is to fix the resource grammar.
The resource grammarian has to provide the dummy lock field values
in her hidden definitions of constants in ``Paradigms``. For instance,
```
@@ -456,13 +415,46 @@ those who want to build new lexica.
==Inside phrase category modules==
==Inside grammar modules==
===Noun===
So far we just give links to the implementations of each API.
More explanation iś to follow - but many detail implementation tricks
are only found in the cooments of the modules.
===Verb===
===Adjective===
===The category system===
- [Cat gfdoc/Cat.html], [CatGer gfdoc/CatGer.html]
===Phrase category modules===
- [Tense gfdoc/Tense.html], [TenseGer ../german/TenseGer.gf]
- [Noun gfdoc/Noun.html], [NounGer ../german/NounGer.gf]
- [Adjective gfdoc/Adjective.html], [AdjectiveGer ../german/AdjectiveGer.gf]
- [Verb gfdoc/Verb.html], [VerbGer ../german/VerbGer.gf]
- [Adverb gfdoc/Adverb.html], [AdverbGer ../german/AdverbGer.gf]
- [Numeral gfdoc/Numeral.html], [NumeralGer ../german/NumeralGer.gf]
- [Sentence gfdoc/Sentence.html], [SentenceGer ../german/SentenceGer.gf]
- [Question gfdoc/Question.html], [QuestionGer ../german/QuestionGer.gf]
- [Relative gfdoc/Relative.html], [RelativeGer ../german/RelativeGer.gf]
- [Conjunction gfdoc/Conjunction.html], [ConjunctionGer ../german/ConjunctionGer.gf]
- [Phrase gfdoc/Phrase.html], [PhraseGer ../german/PhraseGer.gf]
- [Lang gfdoc/Lang.html], [LangGer ../german/LangGer.gf]
===Resource modules===
- [ParamGer ../german/ParamGer.gf]
- [ResGer ../german/ResGer.gf]
- [MorphoGer ../german/MorphoGer.gf]
- [ParadigmsGer gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html], [ParadigmsGer.gf ../german/ParadigmsGer.gf]
===Lexicon===
- [Structural gfdoc/Structural.html], [StructuralGer ../german/StructuralGer.gf]
- [Lexicon gfdoc/Lexicon.html], [LexiconGer ../german/LexiconGer.gf]
==Lexicon extension==
@@ -486,10 +478,10 @@ irregular verbs on the internet. For instance, the
page gives a list of verbs in the
traditional tabular format, which begins as follows:
```
backen (du bäckst, er bäckt) backte [buk] gebacken
backen (du bäckst, er bäckt) backte [buk] gebacken
befehlen (du befiehlst, er befiehlt; befiehl!) befahl (beföhle; befähle) befohlen
beginnen begann (begönne; begänne) begonnen
beißen biß gebissen
beginnen begann (begönne; begänne) begonnen
beißen biß gebissen
```
All you have to do is to write a suitable verb paradigm
```
@@ -538,7 +530,7 @@ use parametrized modules. The advantages are
- practical: maintainability improves with fewer components
In this chapter, we will look at an example: adding Portuguese to
In this chapter, we will look at an example: adding Italian to
the Romance family.

5
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gf-resource-lib.html
View File

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1>GF Resource Grammar Library v. 1.0</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: Aarne Ranta &lt;aarne (at) cs.chalmers.se&gt;</I><BR>
Last update: Fri Jan 20 18:02:22 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:40:51 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ The documentation of the individual modules:
</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Cat.html">Cat</A>: the category system
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Tense.html">Tense</A>: tense, anteriority, and polarity values
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Noun.html">Noun</A>: construction of nouns and noun phrases
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Adjective.html">Adjective</A>: construction of adjectival phrases
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Verb.html">Verb</A>: construction of verb phrases
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ The documentation of the individual modules:
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Conjunction.html">Conjunction</A>: coordination of phrases
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Phrase.html">Phrase</A>: construction of the major units of text and speech
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Structural.html">Structural</A>: a lexicon of structural words
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Basic.html">Basic</A>: a lexicon of other common words, for test purposes
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Lexicon.html">Lexicon</A>: a lexicon of other common words, for test purposes
<LI><A HREF="gfdoc/Lang.html">Lang</A>: the main module comprising all the others
</UL>

3
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gf-resource-lib.txt
View File

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ The following figure gives the dependencies of these modules.
The documentation of the individual modules:
- [Cat gfdoc/Cat.html]: the category system
- [Tense gfdoc/Tense.html]: tense, anteriority, and polarity values
- [Noun gfdoc/Noun.html]: construction of nouns and noun phrases
- [Adjective gfdoc/Adjective.html]: construction of adjectival phrases
- [Verb gfdoc/Verb.html]: construction of verb phrases
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ The documentation of the individual modules:
- [Conjunction gfdoc/Conjunction.html]: coordination of phrases
- [Phrase gfdoc/Phrase.html]: construction of the major units of text and speech
- [Structural gfdoc/Structural.html]: a lexicon of structural words
- [Basic gfdoc/Basic.html]: a lexicon of other common words, for test purposes
- [Lexicon gfdoc/Lexicon.html]: a lexicon of other common words, for test purposes
- [Lang gfdoc/Lang.html]: the main module comprising all the others

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:12 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:12 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:12 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:13 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

58
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View File

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The category system</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:12 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:13 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -17,17 +17,16 @@ Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:12 2006
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The category system</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Top-level units</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Tensed sentences</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Questions and interrogatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectival phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Numerals</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Structural words</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Words of open classes</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Sentences and clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Questions and interrogatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Verb phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectival phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Numerals</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Structural words</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Words of open classes</A>
</UL>
</UL>
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>The category system</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Cat = {
abstract Cat = Tense ** {
cat
</PRE>
@@ -60,30 +59,21 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
<H2>Tensed sentences</H2>
<H2>Sentences and clauses</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
A simplified variant, with just present forms, is <A HREF="Untensed.html">Untensed</A>.
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
</P>
<PRE>
S ; -- declarative sentence e.g. "she lived here"
QS ; -- question e.g. "where did she live"
RS ; -- relative e.g. "in which she lived"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Clauses</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
</P>
<PRE>
Cl ; -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this"
Slash ; -- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG) e.g. "she looks at"
Imp ; -- imperative e.g. "look at this"
SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
<H2>Questions and interrogatives</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
@@ -95,7 +85,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "which"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
<H2>Relative clauses and pronouns</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
@@ -105,7 +95,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H2>Verb phrases</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
@@ -115,7 +105,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
<H2>Adjectival phrases</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
@@ -124,7 +114,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
<H2>Nouns and noun phrases</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
@@ -150,7 +140,7 @@ as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
@@ -163,7 +153,7 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
AdN ; -- numeral-modifying adverb, e.g. "more than"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
<H2>Numerals</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
@@ -172,7 +162,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal, e.g. "five/fifth"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
<H2>Structural words</H2>
<P>
Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
@@ -186,10 +176,10 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in"
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
<H2>Words of open classes</H2>
<P>
These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexicon modules.
These are constructed in <A HREF="Lexicon.html">Lexicon</A> and in additional lexicon modules.
</P>
<PRE>
V ; -- one-place verb e.g. "sleep"

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Coordination</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:13 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

5
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:13 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ grammar. A smaller top module is <A HREF="Test.html">Test</A>.
Relative,
Conjunction,
Phrase,
Tensed,
Structural,
Basic
Lexicon
** {} ;
</PRE>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic expressions</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:13 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:13 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Numerals</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:14 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:15 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by

2
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@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:15 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:15 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by

2
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html
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@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:15 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:15 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by

2
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@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<P></P>
<P>
Author:
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:15 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:15 2006
</P>
<P>
Produced by

4
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrases and utterances</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Phrases and utterances</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
abstract Phrase = Cat ** {
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:13 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:14 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

46
lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html
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@@ -2,24 +2,25 @@
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
<TITLE> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</TITLE>
<TITLE> Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:14 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
<P></P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Imperatives</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Embedded sentences</A>
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Sentences</A>
</UL>
</UL>
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
</P>
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
<H1>Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<H1>Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
<PRE>
abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
</PRE>
@@ -97,10 +98,45 @@ subjects and (adverbial) complements.
EmbedS : S -&gt; SC ; -- that you go
EmbedQS : QS -&gt; SC ; -- whether you go
EmbedVP : VP -&gt; SC ; -- to go
</PRE>
<P></P>
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
<H2>Sentences</H2>
<P>
These are the 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 forms generated by different
combinations of tense, polarity, and
anteriority, which are defined in <A HREF="Tense.html">Tense</A>.
</P>
<PRE>
fun
UseCl : Tense -&gt; Ant -&gt; Pol -&gt; Cl -&gt; S ;
UseQCl : Tense -&gt; Ant -&gt; Pol -&gt; QCl -&gt; QS ;
UseRCl : Tense -&gt; Ant -&gt; Pol -&gt; RCl -&gt; RS ;
}
</PRE>
<P></P>
<P>
Examples for English <CODE>S</CODE>/<CODE>Cl</CODE>:
</P>
<P>
Pres Simul Pos ODir : he sleeps
Pres Simul Neg ODir : he doesn't sleep
Pres Anter Pos ODir : he has slept
Pres Anter Neg ODir : he hasn't slept
Past Simul Pos ODir : he slept
Past Simul Neg ODir : he didn't sleep
Past Anter Pos ODir : he had slept
Past Anter Neg ODir : he hadn't slept
Fut Simul Pos ODir : he will sleep
Fut Simul Neg ODir : he won't sleep
Fut Anter Pos ODir : he will have slept
Fut Anter Neg ODir : he won't have slept
Cond Simul Pos ODir : he would sleep
Cond Simul Neg ODir : he wouldn't sleep
Cond Anter Pos ODir : he would have slept
Cond Anter Neg ODir : he wouldn't have slept
</P>
<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
<!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Sentence.txt -->

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:14 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Tense, Polarity, and Anteriority</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:14 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:14 2006
</FONT></CENTER>
<P></P>

2
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
<FONT SIZE="4">
<I>Author: </I><BR>
Last update: Wed Jan 25 10:50:14 2006
Last update: Wed Jan 25 13:41:15 2006
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4
lib/resource-1.0/english/CatEng.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
concrete CatEng of Cat = open ResEng, Prelude in {
concrete CatEng of Cat = TenseX ** open ResEng, Prelude in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ concrete CatEng of Cat = open ResEng, Prelude in {
Subj = {s : Str} ;
Prep = {s : Str} ;
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Basic
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
V, VS, VQ, VA = Verb ; -- = {s : VForm => Str} ;
V2, VV, V2A = Verb ** {c2 : Str} ;

3
lib/resource-1.0/english/LangEng.gf
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@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ concrete LangEng of Lang =
RelativeEng,
ConjunctionEng,
PhraseEng,
TensedEng,
StructuralEng,
BasicEng
LexiconEng
** {
flags startcat = Phr ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/english/BasicEng.gf → lib/resource-1.0/english/LexiconEng.gf
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--# -path=.:prelude
concrete BasicEng of Basic = CatEng ** open ParadigmsEng in {
concrete LexiconEng of Lexicon = CatEng ** open ParadigmsEng in {
flags
optimize=values ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/english/PhraseEng.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
concrete PhraseEng of Phrase = CatEng, TenseX ** open ResEng in {
concrete PhraseEng of Phrase = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
lin
PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;

5
lib/resource-1.0/english/SentenceEng.gf
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@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ concrete SentenceEng of Sentence = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;
lin
PredVP np vp = mkClause (np.s ! Nom) np.a vp ;
PredSCVP sc vp = mkClause sc.s (agrP3 Sg) vp ;
@@ -38,4 +39,8 @@ concrete SentenceEng of Sentence = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
EmbedVP vp = {s = "to" ++ infVP vp (agrP3 Sg)} ; --- agr
UseCl t a p cl = {s = t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! ODir} ;
UseQCl t a p cl = {s = \\q => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! q} ;
UseRCl t a p cl = {s = \\r => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! r} ;
}

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/CatFre.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
--# -path=.:../romance:../abstract:../common:prelude
concrete CatFre of Cat = CatRomance with
concrete CatFre of Cat = TenseX ** CatRomance with
(ResRomance = ResFre) ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/VerbsFre.gf → lib/resource-1.0/french/IrregFre.gf
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
-- Translated to GF by Aarne Ranta
-- added extracted subcat information 29/11
concrete VerbsFre of VerbsFreAbs = CatFre **
concrete IrregFre of IrregFreAbs = CatFre **
open DiffFre, MorphoFre, BeschFre, Prelude in {
flags optimize=values ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/VerbsFreAbs.gf → lib/resource-1.0/french/IrregFreAbs.gf
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
-- Translated to GF by Aarne Ranta
-- added extracted subcat information 29/11
abstract VerbsFreAbs = Cat ** {
abstract IrregFreAbs = Cat ** {
-- all verbs in classes with "er" and "ir" like "finir" are omitted

3
lib/resource-1.0/french/LangFre.gf
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@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ concrete LangFre of Lang =
RelativeFre,
ConjunctionFre,
PhraseFre,
TensedFre,
StructuralFre,
BasicFre
LexiconFre
** {
flags startcat = Phr ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/BasicFre.gf → lib/resource-1.0/french/LexiconFre.gf
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
concrete BasicFre of Basic = CatFre ** open ParadigmsFre, VerbsFre in {
concrete LexiconFre of Lexicon = CatFre ** open ParadigmsFre, IrregFre in {
flags
optimize=values ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/PhraseFre.gf
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@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
concrete PhraseFre of Phrase = CatFre, TenseX ** PhraseRomance with
concrete PhraseFre of Phrase = CatFre ** PhraseRomance with
(ResRomance = ResFre) ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/StructuralFre.gf
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
concrete StructuralFre of Structural = CatFre **
open PhonoFre, MorphoFre, ParadigmsFre, VerbsFre, Prelude in {
open PhonoFre, MorphoFre, ParadigmsFre, IrregFre, Prelude in {
flags optimize=all ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/french/TensedFre.gf
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@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
concrete TensedFre of Tensed = CatFre, TenseX ** TensedRomance with
(ResRomance = ResFre) ;

4
lib/resource-1.0/german/CatGer.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
concrete CatGer of Cat = open ResGer, Prelude in {
concrete CatGer of Cat = TenseX ** open ResGer, Prelude in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ concrete CatGer of Cat = open ResGer, Prelude in {
Subj = {s : Str} ;
Prep = {s : Str ; c : Case} ;
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Basic
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
V, VS, VQ, VA = ResGer.Verb ; -- = {s : VForm => Str} ;
VV = Verb ** {isAux : Bool} ;

3
lib/resource-1.0/german/LangGer.gf
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@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ concrete LangGer of Lang =
RelativeGer,
ConjunctionGer,
PhraseGer,
TensedGer,
StructuralGer,
BasicGer
LexiconGer
** {
flags startcat = Phr ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/german/BasicGer.gf → lib/resource-1.0/german/LexiconGer.gf
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
concrete BasicGer of Basic = CatGer ** open Prelude, ParadigmsGer in {
concrete LexiconGer of Lexicon = CatGer ** open Prelude, ParadigmsGer in {
flags
optimize=all_subs ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/german/PhraseGer.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
concrete PhraseGer of Phrase = CatGer, TenseX ** open Prelude, ResGer in {
concrete PhraseGer of Phrase = CatGer ** open Prelude, ResGer in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;

4
lib/resource-1.0/german/SentenceGer.gf
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@@ -37,4 +37,8 @@ concrete SentenceGer of Sentence = CatGer ** open ResGer in {
EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
EmbedVP vp = {s = "zu" ++ (vp.s ! agrP3 Sg ! VPInfinit Simul).inf} ; --- agr ---- compl
UseCl t a p cl = {s = \\o => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! o} ;
UseQCl t a p cl = {s = \\q => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! q} ;
UseRCl t a p cl = {s = \\r => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! r} ;
}

2
lib/resource-1.0/multimodal/Multimodal.gf
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@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ abstract Multimodal =
-- Tensed,
Structural,
Demonstrative,
Basic
Lexicon
** {} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/multimodal/MultimodalEng.gf
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@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ concrete MultimodalEng of Multimodal =
-- Tensed,
StructuralEng,
DemonstrativeEng,
BasicEng
LexiconEng
** {} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/multimodal/MultimodalFre.gf
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@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ concrete MultimodalFre of Multimodal =
-- Tensed,
StructuralFre,
DemonstrativeFre,
BasicFre
LexiconFre
** {} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/multimodal/MultimodalGer.gf
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@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ concrete MultimodalGer of Multimodal =
-- Tensed,
StructuralGer,
DemonstrativeGer,
BasicGer
LexiconGer
** {} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/multimodal/MultimodalSwe.gf
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@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ concrete MultimodalSwe of Multimodal =
-- Tensed,
StructuralSwe,
DemonstrativeSwe,
BasicSwe
LexiconSwe
** {} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/old/Lex.gf
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
-- This lexicon is used when developing a grammar, and called by
-- [Test Test.html]. The full lexicon is divided between
-- [Structural Structural.html], [Basic Basic.html], and [Numeral Numeral.html].
-- [Structural Structural.html], [Lexicon Lexicon.html], and [Numeral Numeral.html].
abstract Lex = Cat ** {

2
lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Tensed.gf → lib/resource-1.0/old/Tensed.gf
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
-- A variant with just the polarity variation is given in
-- [Untensed Untensed.html].
abstract Tensed = Cat, Tense ** {
abstract Tensed = Cat ** {
fun
UseCl : Tense -> Ant -> Pol -> Cl -> S ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/english/TensedEng.gf → lib/resource-1.0/old/TensedEng.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
concrete TensedEng of Tensed = CatEng, TenseX ** open ResEng in {
concrete TensedEng of Tensed = CatEng ** open ResEng in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/old/TensedFre.gf Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
concrete TensedFre of Tensed = CatFre ** TensedRomance with
(ResRomance = ResFre) ;

0
lib/resource-1.0/german/TensedGer.gf → lib/resource-1.0/old/TensedGer.gf
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2
lib/resource-1.0/romance/TensedRomance.gf → lib/resource-1.0/old/TensedRomance.gf
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
incomplete concrete TensedRomance of Tensed = CatRomance, TenseX **
incomplete concrete TensedRomance of Tensed = CatRomance **
open ResRomance in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;

0
lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/TensedScand.gf → lib/resource-1.0/old/TensedScand.gf
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0
lib/resource-1.0/swedish/TensedSwe.gf → lib/resource-1.0/old/TensedSwe.gf
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2
lib/resource-1.0/old/Test.gf
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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ abstract Test =
Untensed,
-- Tensed,
-- Structural,
-- Basic,
-- Lexicon,
-- Numeral,
Lex
** {} ;

4
lib/resource-1.0/romance/CatRomance.gf
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat =
open Prelude, CommonRomance, ResRomance, (R = ParamX) in {
TenseX ** open Prelude, CommonRomance, ResRomance, (R = ParamX) in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ incomplete concrete CatRomance of Cat =
Subj = {s : Str ; m : Mood} ;
Prep = {s : Str ; c : Case} ;
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Basic
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
V, VQ, VA = Verb ;
V2, VV, V2A = Verb ** {c2 : Compl} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/romance/PhraseRomance.gf
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
incomplete concrete PhraseRomance of Phrase =
CatRomance, TenseX ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
CatRomance ** open CommonRomance, ResRomance, Prelude in {
lin
PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;

5
lib/resource-1.0/romance/SentenceRomance.gf
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@@ -40,4 +40,9 @@ incomplete concrete SentenceRomance of Sentence =
EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
EmbedVP vp = {s = infVP vp (agrP3 Masc Sg)} ; --- agr ---- compl
UseCl t a p cl = {s = \\o => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! o} ;
UseQCl t a p cl = {s = \\q => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! q} ;
UseRCl t a p cl =
{s = \\r,ag => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! r ! ag} ;
}

4
lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/CatScand.gf
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
incomplete concrete CatScand of Cat =
open ResScand, Prelude, CommonScand, (R = ParamX) in {
TenseX ** open ResScand, Prelude, CommonScand, (R = ParamX) in {
flags optimize=all_subs ;
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ incomplete concrete CatScand of Cat =
Subj = {s : Str} ;
Prep = {s : Str} ;
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Basic
-- Open lexical classes, e.g. Lexicon
V, VS, VQ, VA = Verb ;
V2, VV, V2A = Verb ** {c2 : Str} ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/PhraseScand.gf
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
incomplete concrete PhraseScand of Phrase =
CatScand, TenseX ** open CommonScand, ResScand, Prelude in {
CatScand ** open CommonScand, ResScand, Prelude in {
lin
PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;

4
lib/resource-1.0/scandinavian/SentenceScand.gf
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@@ -40,4 +40,8 @@ incomplete concrete SentenceScand of Sentence =
EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s ! QIndir} ;
EmbedVP vp = {s = infMark ++ infVP vp (agrP3 utrum Sg)} ; --- agr
UseCl t a p cl = {s = \\o => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! o} ;
UseQCl t a p cl = {s = \\q => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! q} ;
UseRCl t a p cl = {s = \\r => t.s ++ a.s ++ p.s ++ cl.s ! t.t ! a.a ! p.p ! r} ;
}

2
lib/resource-1.0/swedish/CatSwe.gf
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@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
concrete CatSwe of Cat = CatScand with
concrete CatSwe of Cat = TenseX ** CatScand with
(ResScand = ResSwe) ;

3
lib/resource-1.0/swedish/LangSwe.gf
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@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ concrete LangSwe of Lang =
RelativeSwe,
ConjunctionSwe,
PhraseSwe,
TensedSwe,
StructuralSwe,
BasicSwe
LexiconSwe
** {
flags startcat = Phr ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/swedish/BasicSwe.gf → lib/resource-1.0/swedish/LexiconSwe.gf
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
concrete BasicSwe of Basic = CatSwe ** open ParadigmsSwe in {
concrete LexiconSwe of Lexicon = CatSwe ** open ParadigmsSwe in {
flags
optimize=values ;

2
lib/resource-1.0/swedish/PhraseSwe.gf
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@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
concrete PhraseSwe of Phrase = CatSwe, TenseX ** PhraseScand with
concrete PhraseSwe of Phrase = CatSwe ** PhraseScand with
(ResScand = ResSwe) ;