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Resource with extended API

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aarne
2003-11-20 15:53:22 +00:00
parent 1ca5e5398a
commit 259eb4c866
15 changed files with 404 additions and 177 deletions
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6
grammars/database/DatabaseEng.gf
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@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ lin
Individual = UsePN ;
AllN = DetNP AllDet ;
MostN = DetNP MostDet ;
AllN = DetNP (AllsDet NoNum) ;
MostN = DetNP MostsDet ;
EveryN = DetNP EveryDet ;
Any = DetNP AnysDet ;
Any = DetNP (AnysDet NoNum) ;
} ;

29
grammars/resource/nabstract/Combinations.gf
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@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ cat
Det ; -- determiner, e.g. "every", "all"
Fun ; -- function word, e.g. "mother (of)"
Fun2 ; -- two-place function, e.g. "flight (from) (to)"
Num ; -- numeral, e.g. "three", "879"
--3 Adjectives and adjectival phrases
--
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ cat
TV ; -- two-place verb, e.g. "love", "wait (for)", "switch on"
V3 ; -- three-place verb, e.g. "give", "prefer (stg) (to stg)"
VS ; -- sentence-compl. verb, e.g. "say", "prove"
--- VV ; -- verb-compl. verb, e.g. "can", "want"
VP ; -- verb phrase, e.g. "switch the light on"
--3 Adverbials
@@ -124,16 +126,19 @@ fun
ModAdj : AP -> CN -> CN ; -- "red car"
DetNP : Det -> CN -> NP ; -- "every car"
MassNP : CN -> NP ; -- "wine"
IntNP : Int -> CN -> NP ; -- "86 houses" --- assumes i > 1
DefIntNP : Int -> CN -> NP ; -- "the 86 houses" --- assumes i > 1
IndefOneNP, IndefManyNP : CN -> NP ; -- "a car", "cars"
DefOneNP, DefManyNP : CN -> NP ; -- "the car", "the cars"
ModGenOne, ModGenMany : NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's car", "John's cars"
IndefOneNP : CN -> NP ; -- "a car", "cars"
IndefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "houses", "86 houses"
DefOneNP : CN -> NP ; -- "the car"
DefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "the cars", "the 86 cars"
ModGenOne : NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's car"
ModGenMany : Num -> NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's cars", "John's 86 cars"
UsePN : PN -> NP ; -- "John"
UseFun : Fun -> CN ; -- "successor"
AppFun : Fun -> NP -> CN ; -- "successor of zero"
AppFun2 : Fun2 -> NP -> Fun ; -- "flight from Paris"
CNthatS : CN -> S -> CN ; -- "idea that the Earth is flat"
UseInt : Int -> Num ; -- "32" --- assumes i > 1
NoNum : Num ; -- no numeral modifier
--3 Adjectives and adjectival phrases
--
@@ -153,17 +158,21 @@ fun
PosTV, NegTV : TV -> NP -> VP ; -- "sees John", "doesn't see John"
PosPassV, NegPassV : V -> VP ; -- "is seen", "is not seen"
PosNP, NegNP : NP -> VP ; -- "is John", "is not John"
PosAdV, NegAdV : AdV -> VP ; -- "is everywhere", "is not in France"
PosVS, NegVS : VS -> S -> VP ; -- "says that I run", "doesn't say..."
--- PosVV, NegVV : VV -> VP -> VP ; -- "can run", "can't run", "tries to run"
PosV3, NegV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> VP ; -- "prefers wine to beer"
VTrans : TV -> V ; -- "loves"
--3 Adverbials
--
-- Here is how complex adverbials can be formed and used.
AdjAdv : AP -> AdV ; -- "freely", "more consciously than you"
PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> AdV ; -- "in London", "after the war"
AdvVP : VP -> AdV -> VP ; -- "always walks", "walks in the park"
PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> AdV ; -- "in London", "after the war"
AdvCN : CN -> AdV -> CN ; -- "house in London", "house today"
AdvAP : AdA -> AP -> AP ; -- "very good"
@@ -173,7 +182,8 @@ fun
PredVP : NP -> VP -> S ; -- "John walks"
PosSlashTV, NegSlashTV : NP -> TV -> Slash ; -- "John sees", "John doesn's see"
OneVP : VP -> S ; -- "one walks"
ThereIsCN, ThereAreCN : CN -> S ; -- "there is a car", "there are cars"
ThereIsCN : CN -> S ; -- "there is a bar"
ThereAreCN : Num -> CN -> S ; -- "there are 86 bars"
IdRP : RP ; -- "which"
FunRP : Fun -> RP -> RP ; -- "the successor of which"
@@ -194,7 +204,8 @@ fun
IntVP : IP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "who walks"
IntSlash : IP -> Slash -> Qu ; -- "whom does John see"
QuestAdv : IAdv -> NP -> VP -> Qu ; -- "why do you walk"
IsThereCN, AreThereCN : CN -> Qu ; -- "is there a bar", "are there bars"
IsThereCN : CN -> Qu ; -- "is there a bar"
AreThereCN : Num -> CN -> Qu ; -- "are there (86) bars"
ImperVP : VP -> Imp ; -- "be a man"

23
grammars/resource/nabstract/Structural.gf
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@@ -8,16 +8,26 @@
abstract Structural = Combinations ** {
fun
EveryDet, AllDet, WhichDet, MostDet : Det ; -- every, all, which, most
SomeDet, SomesDet, AnyDet, AnysDet, NoDet, -- sg/pl some, any, no
NosDet, ManyDet, MuchDet : Det ; -- many, much
ThisDet, TheseDet, ThatDet, ThoseDet : Det ;-- (this, these, that, those) car(s)
ThisNP, TheseNP, ThatNP, ThoseNP : NP ; -- this, these, that, those
EveryDet, WhichDet, AllDet, -- every, sg which, sg all
SomeDet, AnyDet, NoDet, -- sg some, any, no
MostDet, MostsDet, ManyDet, MuchDet : Det ; -- sg most, pl most, many, much
ThisDet, ThatDet : Det ; -- this, that
-- Many plural determiners can take a numeral modifier.
AllsDet, WhichsDet, -- pl all, which (86)
SomesDet, AnysDet, NosDet, -- pl some, any, no
TheseDet, ThoseDet : Num -> Det ; -- these, those (86)
ThisNP, ThatNP : NP ; -- this, that
TheseNP, ThoseNP : Num -> NP ; -- these, those (86)
INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in singular
WeNP, YeNP, TheyNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in plural
WeNP, YeNP : Num -> NP ; -- these pronouns can take numeral
TheyNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in plural
YouNP : NP ; -- the polite you
EverybodyNP, SomebodyNP, NobodyNP, -- everybody, somebody, nobody
EverythingNP, SomethingNP, NothingNP : NP ; -- everything, something, nothing
--- CanVV, CanKnowVV, MustVV : VV ; -- can (pouvoir/savoir), must
--- WantVV : VV ; -- want (to do)
WhenIAdv,WhereIAdv,WhyIAdv,HowIAdv : IAdv ; -- when, where, why, how
EverywhereNP, SomewhereNP, NowhereNP : AdV ;-- everywhere, somewhere, nowhere
AndConj, OrConj : Conj ; -- and, or
@@ -32,5 +42,6 @@ fun
InFrontPrep, BehindPrep, BetweenPrep : Prep ;
BeforePrep, DuringPrep, AfterPrep : Prep ; -- temporal relations
WithPrep, WithoutPrep, ByMeansPrep : Prep ; -- some other relations
PartPrep : Prep ; -- partitive "of" ("bottle of wine")
AgentPrep : Prep ; -- agent "by" in passive constructions
}

6
grammars/resource/nabstract/TestResource.gf
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@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ abstract TestResource = Structural ** {
-- a random sample of lexicon to test resource grammar with
fun
Big, Small, Old, Young : AdjDeg ;
Big, Happy, Small, Old, Young : AdjDeg ;
American, Finnish : Adj1 ;
Married : Adj2 ;
Man, Woman, Car, House, Light : N ;
Man, Woman, Car, House, Light, Bar, Bottle, Wine : N ;
Walk, Run : V ;
Send, Wait, Love, SwitchOn, SwitchOff : TV ;
Send, Wait, Love, Drink, SwitchOn, SwitchOff : TV ;
Give, Prefer : V3 ;
Say, Prove : VS ;
Mother, Uncle : Fun ;

136
grammars/resource/nabstract/additions.txt
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@@ -2,58 +2,82 @@
-- Combinations.gf
cat
Prep ; -- pre/postposition and/or case
Prep ; -- pre/postposition and/or case e.g.
Num ; -- numeral, e.g. "three", "879"
--- VV ; -- verb-compl. verb, e.g. "can", "want"
fun
ThereIsCN, ThereAreCN : CN -> S ; -- "there is a bar", "there are bars"
ThereIsCN : CN -> S ; -- "there is a bar", "there are bars"
ThereAreCN : Num -> CN -> S ; -- "there are 86 bars"
PrepNP : Prep -> NP -> AdV ; -- "in London", "after the war" (replace LocNP)
MassNP : CN -> NP ; -- "wine"
IntNP : Int -> CN -> NP ; -- "86 houses" --- assumes i > 1
DefIntNP : Int -> CN -> NP ; -- "the 86 houses" --- assumes i > 1
--- PosVV, NegVV : VV -> VP -> VP ; -- "can run", "can't run", "tries to run"
PosAdV, NegAdV : AdV -> VP ; -- "is everywhere", "is not in France"
AdjAdv : AP -> AdV ; -- "freely", "more consciously than you"
IsThereCN, AreThereCN : CN -> Qu ;-- "is there a bar", "are there bars"
Warning: no linearization of AdvAP
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of AdvS
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of AppFun2
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of CNthatS
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of ConsPhr
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of ItNP
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of NegPassV
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of NegV3
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of OnePhr
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of OneVP
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of OtherwiseAdv
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of PosPassV
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of PosV3
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of SubjVP
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of ThereforeAdv
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of TooAdv
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of VTrans
checking module ResFra
Warning: no linearization of VeryAdv
-- changed type signatures: added Num
IndefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "houses", "86 houses"
DefManyNP : Num -> CN -> NP ; -- "the cars", "the 86 cars"
ModGenMany : Num -> NP -> CN -> NP ; -- "John's cars", "John's 86 cars"
UseInt : Int -> Num ; -- "32" --- assumes i > 1
NoNum : Num ; -- no numeral modifier
IsThereCN, AreThereCN : CN -> Qu ;-- "is there a bar", "are there bars"
-- from Hajo's work
AdvAP
AdvS
AppFun2
CNthatS
ConsPhr
ItNP
NegPassV
NegV3
OnePhr
OneVP
OtherwiseAdv
PosPassV
PosV3
SubjVP
ThereforeAdv
TooAdv
VTrans
VeryAdv
-- Structural.gf
SomeDet, SomesDet, AnyDet, AnysDet, NoDet, -- sg/pl some, any, no
NosDet, ManyDet, MuchDet : Det ; -- many, much
ThisDet, TheseDet, ThatDet, ThoseDet : Det ;-- this, these, that, those
ThisNP, TheseNP, ThatNP, ThoseNP : NP ; -- this, these, that, those
-- Some of these are just changes to Num -> Det|NP.
AllDet : Det ; -- sg all
AllsDet, WhichsDet, -- pl all, which (86)
SomesDet, AnysDet, NosDet, -- pl some, any, no
TheseDet, ThoseDet : Num -> Det ; -- these, those (86)
ThisNP, TheseNP : NP ; -- this, that
TheseNP, ThoseNP : Num -> NP ; -- these, those (86)
INP, ThouNP, HeNP, SheNP, ItNP : NP ; -- personal pronouns in singular
WeNP, YeNP : Num -> NP ; -- these pronouns can take numeral
EverybodyNP, SomebodyNP, NobodyNP, -- everybody, somebody, nobody
EverythingNP, SomethingNP, NothingNP : NP ; -- everything, something, nothing
EverywhereNP, SomewhereNP, NowhereNP : Adv ;-- everywhere, somewhere, nowhere
@@ -64,18 +88,20 @@ Warning: no linearization of VeryAdv
InFrontPrep, BehindPrep, BetweenPrep : Prep ;
BeforePrep, DuringPrep, AfterPrep : Prep ; -- temporal relations
WithPrep, WithoutPrep, ByMeansPrep : Prep ; -- some other relations
PartPrep : Prep ; -- partitive "of" ("bottle of wine")
AgentPrep : Prep ; -- agent "by" in passive constructions
checking module TestFra
Warning: no linearization of American
checking module TestFra
Warning: no linearization of Connection
checking module TestFra
Warning: no linearization of Finnish
checking module TestFra
Warning: no linearization of Give
checking module TestFra
Warning: no linearization of Married
checking module TestFra
Warning: no linearization of Prefer
American
Connection
Finnish
Give
Married
Prefer

31
grammars/resource/nenglish/CombinationsEng.gf
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@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ lincat
Fun = Function ;
-- = CommNounPhrase ** {s2 : Preposition} ;
Fun2 = Function ** {s3 : Preposition} ;
Num = {s : Case => Str} ;
Adj1 = Adjective ;
-- = {s : Str}
-- = {s : AForm => Str}
Adj2 = Adjective ** {s2 : Preposition} ;
AdjDeg = {s : Degree => Str} ;
AdjDeg = {s : Degree => AForm => Str} ;
AP = Adjective ** {p : Bool} ;
V = Verb ;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ lincat
-- = Verb ** {s3 : Preposition} ;
V3 = TransVerb ** {s4 : Preposition} ;
VS = Verb ;
VV = Verb ** {isAux : Bool} ;
AdV = {s : Str ; p : Bool} ;
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ lincat
ConjD = {s1 : Str ; s2 : Str ; n : Number} ;
ListS = {s1 : Str ; s2 : Str} ;
ListAP = {s1 : Str ; s2 : Str ; p : Bool} ;
ListAP = {s1,s2 : AForm => Str ; p : Bool} ;
ListNP = {s1,s2 : NPForm => Str ; n : Number ; p : Person} ;
--.
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ lincat
lin
UseN = noun2CommNounPhrase ;
ModAdj = modCommNounPhrase ;
ModGenOne = npGenDet singular ;
ModGenOne = npGenDet singular noNum ;
ModGenMany = npGenDet plural ;
UsePN = nameNounPhrase ;
UseFun = funAsCommNounPhrase ;
@@ -91,14 +93,14 @@ lin
DetNP = detNounPhrase ;
IndefOneNP = indefNounPhrase singular ;
IndefManyNP = indefNounPhrase plural ;
IndefManyNP = indefNounPhraseNum plural ;
DefOneNP = defNounPhrase singular ;
DefManyNP = defNounPhrase plural ;
DefManyNP = defNounPhraseNum plural ;
MassNP = detNounPhrase (mkDeterminer Sg []) ;
IntNP n = detNounPhrase (mkDeterminer Pl n.s) ;
DefIntNP n = detNounPhrase (mkDeterminer Pl ("the" ++ n.s)) ;
CNthatS = nounThatSentence ;
UseInt i = {s = table {Nom => i.s ; Gen => i.s ++ "'s"}} ; ---
NoNum = noNum ;
PredVP = predVerbPhrase ;
PosV = predVerb True ;
@@ -115,12 +117,17 @@ lin
NegPassV = passVerb False ;
PosNP = predNounPhrase True ;
NegNP = predNounPhrase False ;
PosAdV = predAdverb True ;
NegAdV = predAdverb False ;
PosVS = complSentVerb True ;
NegVS = complSentVerb False ;
--- PosVV = complVerbVerb True ;
--- NegVV = complVerbVerb False ;
VTrans = transAsVerb ;
AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
AdjAdv a = advPost (a.s ! AAdv) ;
PrepNP p = prepPhrase p.s ; ---
AdvVP = adVerbPhrase ;
AdvCN = advCommNounPhrase ;
AdvAP = advAdjPhrase ;
@@ -129,8 +136,8 @@ lin
OneVP = predVerbPhrase (nameNounPhrase (nameReg "one")) ;
ThereIsCN A = prefixSS ["there is"] ---
(defaultNounPhrase (indefNounPhrase singular A)) ;
ThereAreCN A = prefixSS ["there are"]
(defaultNounPhrase (indefNounPhrase plural A)) ;
ThereAreCN n A = prefixSS ["there are"]
(defaultNounPhrase (indefNounPhraseNum plural n A)) ;
IdRP = identRelPron ;
FunRP = funRelPron ;
@@ -151,7 +158,7 @@ lin
IntVP = intVerbPhrase ;
IntSlash = intSlash ;
QuestAdv = questAdverbial ;
IsThereCN = isThere singular ;
IsThereCN = isThere singular noNum ;
AreThereCN = isThere plural ;
ImperVP = imperVerbPhrase ;

59
grammars/resource/nenglish/MorphoEng.gf
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@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
--# -path=.:../../prelude
--1 A Simple English Resource Morphology
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2002
@@ -7,7 +9,7 @@
--
-- We use the parameter types and word classes defined in $Types.gf$.
resource MorphoEng = TypesEng ** open Prelude in {
resource MorphoEng = TypesEng ** open Prelude, (Predef=Predef) in {
--2 Nouns
--
@@ -90,25 +92,58 @@ oper
--2 Adjectives
--
-- For the comparison of adjectives, three forms are needed in the worst case.
-- To form the adjectival and the adverbial forms, two strings are needed
-- in the worst case.
mkAdjDegr : (_,_,_ : Str) -> AdjDegr = \good,better,best ->
{s = table {Pos => good ; Comp => better ; Sup => best}} ;
mkAdjective : Str -> Str -> Adjective = \free,freely -> {
s = table {
AAdj => free ;
AAdv => freely
}
} ;
-- However, the ending "iy" is sufficient for most cases. This function
-- automatically changes the word-final "y" to "i" ("happy" - "happily").
-- N.B. this is not correct for "shy", but $mkAdjective$ has to be used.
adjDegrReg : Str -> AdjDegr = \long ->
mkAdjDegr long (long + "er") (long + "est") ;
regAdjective : Str -> Adjective = \free ->
let
y = Predef.dp 1 free
in mkAdjective
free
(ifTok Str y "y" (Predef.tk 1 free + ("ily")) (free + "ly")) ;
adjDegrY : Str -> AdjDegr = \lovel ->
mkAdjDegr (lovel + "y") (lovel + "ier") (lovel + "iest") ;
-- For the comparison of adjectives, six forms are needed to cover all cases.
-- But there is no adjective that actually needs all these.
mkAdjDegrWorst : (_,_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> AdjDegr =
\good,well,better,betterly,best,bestly ->
{s = table {
Pos => (mkAdjective good well).s ;
Comp => (mkAdjective better betterly).s ;
Sup => (mkAdjective best bestly).s
}
} ;
-- What is usually needed for irregular comparisons are just three forms,
-- since the adverbial form is the same (in comparative or superlative)
-- or formed in the regular way (positive).
adjDegrIrreg : (_,_,_ : Str) -> AdjDegr = \bad,worse,worst ->
let badly = (regAdjective bad).s ! AAdv
in mkAdjDegrWorst bad badly worse worse worst worst ;
-- Like above, the regular formation takes account of final "y".
adjDegrReg : Str -> AdjDegr = \happy ->
let happi = ifTok Str (Predef.dp 1 happy) "y" (Predef.tk 1 happy + "i") happy
in adjDegrIrreg happy (happi + "er") (happi + "est") ;
-- Many adjectives are 'inflected' by adding a comparison word.
adjDegrLong : Str -> AdjDegr = \ridiculous ->
mkAdjDegr ridiculous ("more" ++ ridiculous) ("most" ++ ridiculous) ;
adjDegrIrreg ridiculous ("more" ++ ridiculous) ("most" ++ ridiculous) ;
-- simple adjectives are just strings
simpleAdj : Str -> Adjective = ss ;
--3 Verbs
--

11
grammars/resource/nenglish/ParadigmsEng.gf
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@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ oper
mkAdj2 : (divisible, by : Str) -> Adj2 ;
-- Comparison adjectives have three forms. The common irregular
-- cases are ones ending with "y" and a consonant that is duplicated.
-- cases are ones ending with "y" and a consonant that is duplicated;
-- the "y" ending is recognized by the function $aReg$.
mkAdjDeg : (good,better,best : Str) -> AdjDeg ;
aReg : (long : Str) -> AdjDeg ; -- long, longer, longest
aHappy : (happy : Str) -> AdjDeg ; -- happy, happier, happiest
aFat : (fat : Str) -> AdjDeg ; -- fat, fatter, fattest
aRidiculous : (ridiculous : Str) -> AdjDeg ; -- -/more/most ridiculous
@@ -197,11 +197,10 @@ oper
addGenN : (Str -> CommonNoun) -> Str -> Gender -> N = \f ->
\s,g -> f s ** {g = g ; lock_N = <>} ;
mkAdj1 a = simpleAdj a ** {lock_Adj1 = <>} ;
mkAdj2 = \s,p -> simpleAdj s ** {s2 = p} ** {lock_Adj2 = <>} ;
mkAdjDeg a b c = mkAdjDegr a b c ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
mkAdj1 a = regAdjective a ** {lock_Adj1 = <>} ;
mkAdj2 = \s,p -> regAdjective s ** {s2 = p} ** {lock_Adj2 = <>} ;
mkAdjDeg a b c = adjDegrIrreg a b c ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
aReg a = adjDegrReg a ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
aHappy = \happy -> adjDegrY (Predef.tk 1 happy) ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;
aFat = \fat -> let {fatt = fat + Predef.dp 1 fat} in
mkAdjDeg fat (fatt + "er") (fatt + "est") ;
aRidiculous a = adjDegrLong a ** {lock_AdjDeg = <>} ;

31
grammars/resource/nenglish/StructuralEng.gf
View File

@@ -12,32 +12,35 @@ concrete StructuralEng of Structural =
HeNP = pronHe ;
SheNP = pronShe ;
ItNP = pronIt ;
WeNP = pronWe ;
YeNP = pronYouPl ;
WeNP = pronWithNum pronWe ;
YeNP = pronWithNum pronYouPl ;
YouNP = pronYouSg ;
TheyNP = pronThey ;
EveryDet = everyDet ;
AllDet = allDet ;
AllDet = mkDeterminer Sg "all" ; --- all the missing
AllsDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "all" ;
WhichDet = whichDet ;
MostDet = mostDet ;
WhichsDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "which" ;
MostsDet = mostDet ;
MostDet = mkDeterminer Sg "most" ;
SomeDet = mkDeterminer Sg "some" ;
SomesDet = mkDeterminer Pl "some" ;
SomesDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "some" ;
AnyDet = mkDeterminer Sg "any" ;
AnysDet = mkDeterminer Pl "any" ;
AnysDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "any" ;
NoDet = mkDeterminer Sg "no" ;
NosDet = mkDeterminer Pl "no" ;
NosDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "no" ;
ManyDet = mkDeterminer Sg "many" ;
MuchDet = mkDeterminer Sg ["a lot of"] ; ---
ThisDet = mkDeterminer Sg "this" ;
TheseDet = mkDeterminer Pl "these" ;
TheseDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "these" ;
ThatDet = mkDeterminer Sg "that" ;
ThoseDet = mkDeterminer Pl "those" ;
ThoseDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "those" ;
ThisNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "this") ;
TheseNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "these") ;
ThatNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "that") ;
ThoseNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "those") ;
TheseNP n = nameNounPhrase {s = \\c => "these" ++ n.s ! c} ;
ThoseNP n = nameNounPhrase {s = \\c => "those" ++ n.s ! c} ;
EverybodyNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "everybody") ;
SomebodyNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "somebody") ;
@@ -46,6 +49,11 @@ concrete StructuralEng of Structural =
SomethingNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "something") ;
NothingNP = nameNounPhrase (nameReg "nothing") ;
--- CanVV = vvCan ;
--- CanKnowVV = vvCan ;
--- MustVV = vvMust ;
--- WantVV = verbNoPart (regVerbP3 "want") ** {isAux = False} ;
HowIAdv = ss "how" ;
WhenIAdv = ss "when" ;
WhereIAdv = ss "where" ;
@@ -89,6 +97,7 @@ concrete StructuralEng of Structural =
WithPrep = ss "with" ;
WithoutPrep = ss "without" ;
ByMeansPrep = ss "by" ;
PartPrep = ss "of" ;
AgentPrep = ss "by" ;
}

144
grammars/resource/nenglish/SyntaxEng.gf
View File

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
--# -path=.:../../prelude
--1 A Small English Resource Syntax
--
-- Aarne Ranta 2002
@@ -45,10 +47,21 @@ oper
nameNounPhrase : ProperName -> NounPhrase = \john ->
{s = \\c => john.s ! toCase c ; n = Sg ; p = P3} ;
-- The following construction has to be refined for genitive forms:
-- "we two", "us two" are OK, but "our two" is not.
Numeral : Type = {s : Case => Str} ;
pronWithNum : Pronoun -> Numeral -> Pronoun = \we,two ->
{s = \\c => we.s ! c ++ two.s ! toCase c ; n = we.n ; p = we.p} ;
noNum : Numeral = {s = \\_ => []} ;
--2 Determiners
--
-- Determiners are inflected according to the nouns they determine.
-- The determiner is not inflected.
Determiner : Type = {s : Str ; n : Number} ;
detNounPhrase : Determiner -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \every, man ->
@@ -57,50 +70,63 @@ oper
p = P3
} ;
mkDeterminer : Number -> Str -> Determiner = \n,det ->
{s = det ;
mkDeterminer : Number -> Str -> Determiner = \n,the ->
mkDeterminerNum n the noNum ;
mkDeterminerNum : Number -> Str -> Numeral -> Determiner = \n,det,two ->
{s = det ++ two.s ! Nom ;
n = n
} ;
everyDet = mkDeterminer Sg "every" ;
allDet = mkDeterminer Pl "all" ;
allDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "all" ;
mostDet = mkDeterminer Pl "most" ;
aDet = mkDeterminer Sg artIndef ;
plDet = mkDeterminer Pl [] ;
plDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl [] ;
theSgDet = mkDeterminer Sg "the" ;
thePlDet = mkDeterminer Pl "the" ;
thePlDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "the" ;
anySgDet = mkDeterminer Sg "any" ;
anyPlDet = mkDeterminer Pl "any" ;
anyPlDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "any" ;
whichSgDet = mkDeterminer Sg "which" ;
whichPlDet = mkDeterminer Pl "which" ;
whichPlDet = mkDeterminerNum Pl "which" ;
whichDet = whichSgDet ; --- API
indefNoun : Number -> CommNoun -> Str = \n,man ->
(indefNounPhrase n man).s ! NomP ;
indefNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n,man ->
indefNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n ->
indefNounPhraseNum n noNum ;
indefNounPhraseNum : Number -> Numeral ->CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,two,man ->
{s = \\c => case n of {
Sg => artIndef ++ man.s ! n ! toCase c ;
Pl => man.s ! n ! toCase c
Sg => artIndef ++ two.s ! Nom ++ man.s ! n ! toCase c ;
Pl => two.s ! Nom ++ man.s ! n ! toCase c
} ;
n = n ; p = P3
} ;
defNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n,car ->
{s = \\c => artDef ++ car.s ! n ! toCase c ; n = n ; p = P3} ;
defNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n ->
defNounPhraseNum n noNum ;
defNounPhraseNum : Number -> Numeral -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,two,car ->
{s = \\c => artDef ++ two.s ! Nom ++ car.s ! n ! toCase c ;
n = n ;
p = P3
} ;
-- Genitives of noun phrases can be used like determiners, to build noun phrases.
-- The number argument makes the difference between "my house" - "my houses".
--
-- We have the variation "the car of John / the car of John's / John's car"
npGenDet : Number -> NounPhrase -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,john,car ->
npGenDet : Number -> Numeral -> NounPhrase -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,two,john,car ->
{s = \\c => variants {
artDef ++ car.s ! n ! Nom ++ "of" ++ john.s ! GenSP ;
john.s ! GenP ++ car.s ! n ! toCase c
artDef ++ two.s ! Nom ++ car.s ! n ! Nom ++ "of" ++ john.s ! GenSP ;
john.s ! GenP ++ two.s ! Nom ++ car.s ! n ! toCase c
} ;
n = n ;
p = P3
@@ -134,7 +160,7 @@ oper
adj2adjPhrase : Adjective -> AdjPhrase = \new -> new ** {p = True} ;
simpleAdjPhrase : Str -> AdjPhrase = \French ->
adj2adjPhrase (simpleAdj French) ;
adj2adjPhrase (regAdjective French) ;
--3 Comparison adjectives
@@ -144,13 +170,13 @@ oper
-- Positive forms are used alone, as adjectival phrases ("big").
positAdjPhrase : AdjDegr -> AdjPhrase = \big ->
adj2adjPhrase (ss (big.s ! Pos)) ;
adj2adjPhrase {s = big.s ! Pos} ;
-- Comparative forms are used with an object of comparison, as
-- adjectival phrases ("bigger then you").
comparAdjPhrase : AdjDegr -> NounPhrase -> AdjPhrase = \big, you ->
{s = big.s ! Comp ++ "than" ++ you.s ! NomP ;
{s = \\a => big.s ! Comp ! a ++ "than" ++ you.s ! NomP ;
p = False
} ;
@@ -158,7 +184,7 @@ oper
-- maximal representative of a domain ("the biggest house").
superlNounPhrase : AdjDegr -> CommNoun -> NounPhrase = \big, house ->
{s = \\c => "the" ++ big.s ! Sup ++ house.s ! Sg ! toCase c ;
{s = \\c => "the" ++ big.s ! Sup ! AAdj ++ house.s ! Sg ! toCase c ;
n = Sg ;
p = P3
} ;
@@ -174,7 +200,7 @@ oper
AdjCompl = Adjective ** {s2 : Preposition} ;
complAdj : AdjCompl -> NounPhrase -> AdjPhrase = \related,john ->
{s = related.s ++ related.s2 ++ john.s ! AccP ;
{s = \\a => related.s ! a ++ related.s2 ++ john.s ! AccP ;
p = False
} ;
@@ -190,8 +216,8 @@ oper
modCommNounPhrase : AdjPhrase -> CommNounPhrase -> CommNounPhrase = \big, car ->
{s = \\n => if_then_else (Case => Str) big.p
(\\c => big.s ++ car.s ! n ! c)
(table {Nom => car.s ! n ! Nom ++ big.s ; Gen => variants {}}) ;
(\\c => big.s ! AAdj ++ car.s ! n ! c)
(table {Nom => car.s ! n ! Nom ++ big.s ! AAdj ; Gen => variants {}}) ;
g = car.g
} ;
@@ -234,7 +260,7 @@ oper
let {n = john.n ; nf = if_then_else Number coll Sg n} in
variants {
defNounPhrase nf (appFunComm mother john) ;
npGenDet nf john mother
npGenDet nf noNum john mother
} ;
-- The commonest case is functions with the preposition "of".
@@ -305,7 +331,7 @@ oper
predAdjective : Bool -> Adjective -> VerbPhrase = \b,old ->
{s = beOrNotBe b ;
s2 = \\_ => old.s ;
s2 = \\_ => old.s ! AAdj ;
isAux = True
} ;
@@ -321,6 +347,12 @@ oper
isAux = True
} ;
predAdverb : Bool -> Adverb -> VerbPhrase = \b,elsewhere ->
{s = beOrNotBe b ;
s2 = \\_ => elsewhere.s ;
isAux = True
} ;
-- We use an auxiliary giving all forms of "be".
beOrNotBe : Bool -> (VForm => Str) = \b ->
@@ -376,7 +408,7 @@ oper
-- The syntax is the same as for adjectival predication.
passVerb : Bool -> Verb -> VerbPhrase = \b,love ->
predAdjective b (adj2adjPhrase (ss (love.s ! PPart))) ;
predAdjective b (adj2adjPhrase (regAdjective (love.s ! PPart))) ;
-- Transitive verbs can be used elliptically as verbs. The semantics
-- is left to applications. The definition is trivial, due to record
@@ -434,7 +466,7 @@ oper
} ;
advAdjPhrase : SS -> AdjPhrase -> AdjPhrase = \very, good ->
{s = very.s ++ good.s ;
{s = \\a => very.s ++ good.s ! a ;
p = good.p
} ;
@@ -504,6 +536,50 @@ oper
s2 = \\_ => say.s ! InfImp ++ thatjohnruns ;
isAux = True} ;
--3 Verb-complement verbs
--
-- Sentence-complement verbs take verb phrases as complements.
-- They can be auxiliaries ("can", "must") or ordinary verbs
-- ("try"); this distinction cannot be done in the multilingual
-- API and leads to some anomalies in English, such as the necessity
-- to create the infinitive form "to be able to" for "can" so that
-- the construction can be iterated, and the corresponding complication
-- in the parameter structure.
VerbVerb : Type = Verb ** {isAux : Bool} ;
-- To generate "can walk"/"can't walk"; "tries to walk"/"does not try to walk":
-- The contraction of "not" is not provided, since it would require changing
-- the verb parameter type.
complVerbVerb : Bool -> VerbVerb -> VerbPhrase -> VerbPhrase = \b,try,run ->
let to = if_then_else Str try.isAux [] "to"
in
if_then_else VerbPhrase b
{s = \\v => try.s ! v ++ try.s1 ++ to ++ run.s ! InfImp ;
s2 = run.s2 ;
isAux = try.isAux
}
{s = \\v => try.s ! v ++ "not" ;
s2 = \\n => run.s ! InfImp ++ run.s2 ! n ;
isAux = True
} ;
-- The three most important example auxiliaries.
mkVerbAux : (_,_,_,_: Str) -> VerbVerb = \beable, can, could, beenable ->
{s = table {
InfImp => beable ;
Indic _ => can ;
Past _ => could ;
PPart => beenable
} ;
s1 = [] ;
isAux = True
} ;
vvCan : VerbVerb = mkVerbAux ["be able to"] "can" "could" ["been able to"] ;
vvMust : VerbVerb = mkVerbAux ["have to"] "must" ["had to"] ["had to"] ;
--2 Sentences missing noun phrases
--
@@ -687,13 +763,13 @@ oper
}
} ;
isThere : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> Question = \n,bar ->
isThere : Number -> Numeral -> CommNounPhrase -> Question = \n,num,bar ->
questVerbPhrase
(case n of {
Sg => nameNounPhrase (nameReg "there") ;
Pl => {s = \\_ => "there" ; n = Pl ; p = P3}
})
(predNounPhrase True (indefNounPhrase n bar)) ;
(predNounPhrase True (indefNounPhraseNum n num bar)) ;
--3 Wh-questions
@@ -815,20 +891,20 @@ oper
-- The structure is the same as for sentences. The result is a prefix adjective
-- if and only if all elements are prefix.
ListAdjPhrase : Type = SD2 ** {p : Bool} ;
ListAdjPhrase : Type = {s1,s2 : AForm => Str ; p : Bool} ;
twoAdjPhrase : (_,_ : AdjPhrase) -> ListAdjPhrase = \x,y ->
CO.twoStr x.s y.s ** {p = andB x.p y.p} ;
CO.twoTable AForm x y ** {p = andB x.p y.p} ;
consAdjPhrase : ListAdjPhrase -> AdjPhrase -> ListAdjPhrase = \xs,x ->
CO.consStr CO.comma xs x.s ** {p = andB xs.p x.p} ;
CO.consTable AForm CO.comma xs x ** {p = andB xs.p x.p} ;
conjunctAdjPhrase : Conjunction -> ListAdjPhrase -> AdjPhrase = \c,xs ->
ss (CO.conjunctX c xs) ** {p = xs.p} ;
CO.conjunctTable AForm c xs ** {p = xs.p} ;
conjunctDistrAdjPhrase : ConjunctionDistr -> ListAdjPhrase -> AdjPhrase =
\c,xs ->
ss (CO.conjunctDistrX c xs) ** {p = xs.p} ;
CO.conjunctDistrTable AForm c xs ** {p = xs.p} ;
--3 Coordinating noun phrases

13
grammars/resource/nenglish/TestResourceEng.gf
View File

@@ -8,18 +8,22 @@ flags startcat=Phr ; lexer=literals ; parser=chart ; unlexer=text ;
-- a random sample from the lexicon
lin
Big = mkAdjDegr "big" "bigger" "biggest";
Big = adjDegrIrreg "big" "bigger" "biggest";
Happy = adjDegrReg "happy" ;
Small = adjDegrReg "small" ;
Old = adjDegrReg "old" ;
Young = adjDegrReg "young" ;
American = simpleAdj "American" ;
Finnish = simpleAdj "Finnish" ;
Married = simpleAdj "married" ** {s2 = "to"} ;
American = regAdjective "American" ;
Finnish = regAdjective "Finnish" ;
Married = regAdjective "married" ** {s2 = "to"} ;
Man = cnHum (mkNoun "man" "men" "man's" "men's") ;
Woman = cnHum (mkNoun "woman" "women" "woman's" "women's") ;
Car = cnNoHum (nounReg "car") ;
House = cnNoHum (nounReg "house") ;
Light = cnNoHum (nounReg "light") ;
Bar = cnNoHum (nounReg "bar") ;
Bottle = cnNoHum (nounReg "bottle") ;
Wine = cnNoHum (nounReg "wine") ;
Walk = verbNoPart (regVerbP3 "walk") ;
Run = verbNoPart (mkVerb "run" "ran" "run") ;
Say = verbNoPart (mkVerb "say" "said" "said") ;
@@ -27,6 +31,7 @@ lin
Send = mkTransVerbDir (verbNoPart (mkVerb "send" "sent" "sent")) ;
Love = mkTransVerbDir (verbNoPart (verbP3e "love")) ;
Wait = mkTransVerb (verbNoPart (regVerbP3 "wait")) "for" ;
Drink = mkTransVerbDir (verbNoPart (mkVerb "drink" "drank" "drunk")) ;
Give = mkDitransVerb (verbNoPart (mkVerb "give" "gave" "given")) [] [] ;
Prefer = mkDitransVerb
(verbNoPart (mkVerb "prefer" "preferred" "preferred")) [] "to" ;

9
grammars/resource/nenglish/TypesEng.gf
View File

@@ -48,10 +48,13 @@ oper
--
-- The major division is between the comparison degrees, but it
-- is also good to leave room for adjectives that cannon be compared.
-- Such adjectives are simply strings.
-- It is, however, productive to form an adverbial from any adjective.
Adjective : Type = SS ;
AdjDegr = SS1 Degree ;
param AForm = AAdj | AAdv ;
oper
Adjective : Type = SS1 AForm ;
AdjDegr = {s : Degree => AForm => Str} ;
--3 Verbs
--

1
grammars/resource/swedish/MorphoSwe.gf
View File

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ oper
oper
verbVara = extVerb Act vara_1200 ;
verbHava = extVerb Act hava_1198 ;
verbFinnas = mkVerb "finnas" "finns" "finns" ;
-- A simplified conjugation takes three forms in the worst case.

80
grammars/resource/swedish/SyntaxSwe.gf
View File

@@ -87,6 +87,25 @@ oper
pronNounPhrase : ProPN -> NounPhrase = \jag ->
{s = jag.s ; g = jag.h1 ; n = jag.h2} ;
-- The following construction has to be refined for genitive forms:
-- "vi tre", "oss tre" are OK, but "vår tres" is not.
Numeral : Type = {s : Case => Str} ;
pronWithNum : ProPN -> Numeral -> ProPN = \we,two ->
{s = \\c => we.s ! c ++ two.s ! npCase c ;
h1 = we.h1 ;
h2 = we.h2 ;
h3 = we.h3
} ;
noNum : Numeral = {s = \\_ => []} ;
-- Formal subjects
npMan = nameNounPhrase (mkProperName "man" Utr Masc) ;
npDet = nameNounPhrase (mkProperName "det" Neutr NoMasc) ;
--2 Determiners
--
-- Determiners are inflected according to noun in gender and sex.
@@ -110,8 +129,14 @@ oper
mkDeterminerSg : DetSg -> SpeciesP -> Determiner = \en, b ->
{s = en ; n = Sg ; b = b} ;
mkDeterminerPl : DetPl -> SpeciesP -> Determiner = \alla, b ->
{s = table {_ => table {_ => alla}} ; n = Pl ; b = b} ;
mkDeterminerPl : DetPl -> SpeciesP -> Determiner = \alla ->
mkDeterminerPlNum alla noNum ;
mkDeterminerPlNum : DetPl -> Numeral -> SpeciesP -> Determiner = \alla,n,b ->
{s = \\_,_ => alla ++ n.s ! Nom ;
n = Pl ;
b = b
} ;
detSgInvar : Str -> DetSg = \varje -> table {_ => table {_ => varje}} ;
@@ -147,12 +172,12 @@ oper
-- Genitives of noun phrases can be used like determiners, to build noun phrases.
-- The number argument makes the difference between "min bil" - "mina bilar".
npGenDet : Number -> NounPhrase -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,huset,vin -> {
npGenDet : Number -> Numeral -> NounPhrase -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,tre,huset,vin -> {
s = \\c => case n of {
Sg => huset.s ! PGen (ASg vin.g) ++
vin.s ! Sg ! DefP Indef ! npCase c ;
Pl => huset.s ! PGen APl ++
Pl => huset.s ! PGen APl ++ tre.s ! Nom ++
vin.s ! Pl ! DefP Indef ! npCase c
} ;
g = vin.g ;
@@ -160,10 +185,12 @@ oper
} ;
-- *Bare plural noun phrases* like "män", "goda vänner", are built without a
-- determiner word.
-- determiner word. But a $Numeral$ may occur.
plurDet : CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \cn ->
{s = \\c => cn.s ! Pl ! IndefP ! npCase c ;
plurDet : CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = plurDetNum noNum ;
plurDetNum : Numeral -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \num,cn ->
{s = \\c => num.s ! Nom ++ cn.s ! Pl ! IndefP ! npCase c ;
g = cn.g ;
n = Pl
} ;
@@ -174,21 +201,30 @@ oper
denDet : CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \cn ->
detNounPhrase
(mkDeterminerSgGender (table {g => artDef ! cn.p ! ASg g}) (DefP Def)) cn ;
deDet : CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \cn ->
detNounPhrase (mkDeterminerPl (artDef ! cn.p ! APl) (DefP Def)) cn ;
deDet : Numeral -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n,cn ->
detNounPhrase (mkDeterminerPlNum (artDef ! cn.p ! APl) n (DefP Def)) cn ;
-- It is useful to have macros for indefinite and definite, singular and plural
-- noun-phrase-like syncategorematic expressions.
indefNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n,hus -> case n of {
Sg => detNounPhrase enDet hus ;
Pl => plurDet hus
} ;
indefNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n ->
indefNounPhraseNum n noNum ;
defNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n,hus -> case n of {
Sg => denDet hus ;
Pl => deDet hus
} ;
indefNounPhraseNum : Number -> Numeral -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,num,hus ->
case n of {
Sg => detNounPhrase enDet hus ;
Pl => plurDetNum num hus
} ;
defNounPhrase : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase = \n ->
defNounPhraseNum n noNum ;
defNounPhraseNum : Number -> Numeral -> CommNounPhrase -> NounPhrase =
\n,num,hus -> case n of {
Sg => denDet hus ;
Pl => deDet num hus
} ;
indefNoun : Number -> CommNounPhrase -> Str = \n,man -> case n of {
Sg => artIndef ! man.g ++ man.s ! Sg ! IndefP ! Nom ;
@@ -379,7 +415,7 @@ oper
let {n = x.n ; nf = if_then_else Number coll Sg n} in
variants {
defNounPhrase nf (appFunComm värde x) ;
npGenDet nf x (noun2CommNounPhrase värde)
npGenDet nf noNum x (noun2CommNounPhrase värde)
} ;
-- Two-place functions add one argument place.
@@ -452,6 +488,12 @@ oper
s3 = \\_,_ => john.s ! PNom
} ;
predAdverb : Bool -> Adverb -> VerbPhrase = \b,ute ->
verbVara ** {
s2 = negation b ;
s3 = \\_,_ => ute.s
} ;
--3 Transitive verbs
--
-- Transitive verbs are verbs with a preposition for the complement,

2
grammars/resource/swedish/TypesSwe.gf
View File

@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ param
oper
Adj : Type = {s : AdjForm => Str} ;
adverbForm : AdjFormPos = Strong (ASg Neutr) ;
--3 Verbs
--
-- Verbs have 9 finite forms and as many as 18 infinite forms; the large number