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complete resource document
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doc/final-resource.tex
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doc/final-resource.tex
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doc/resource.txt
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doc/resource.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
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The GF Resource Grammar Library
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Author: Aarne Ranta
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Last update: %%date(%c)
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% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
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% Create an latex file from this file using:
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% txt2tags -ttex --toc gf-formalism.txt
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%!target:tex
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This document is about the
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GF Resource Grammar Library. It presuppose knowledge of GF and its
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@@ -31,9 +40,9 @@ enough to make the application work, because the noun must be
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produced in both singular and plural, and in four different
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cases. By using the resource grammar library, it is enough to
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write
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```
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lin Song = reg2N "Lied" "Lieder" neuter
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```
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and the eight forms are correctly generated. The resource grammar
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library contains a complete set of inflectional paradigms (such as
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regN2 here), enabling the definition of any lexical items.
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@@ -46,19 +55,19 @@ particularly complex, because the adjectives have to agree in gender,
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number, and case, and also depend on what determiner is used
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("ein Amerikanisches Lied" vs. "das Amerikanische Lied"). All this
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variation is taken care of by the resource grammar function
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```
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fun AdjCN : AP -> CN -> CN
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```
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and the resource grammar implementation of the rule adding properties
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to kinds is
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```
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lin PropKind kind prop = AdjCN prop kind
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```
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given that
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```
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lincat Prop = AP
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lincat Kind = CN
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```
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The resource library API is devided into language-specific and language-independet
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parts. To put is roughly,
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- lexicon is language-specific
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@@ -67,9 +76,9 @@ parts. To put is roughly,
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Thus, to render the above example in French instead of German, we need to
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pick a different linearization of Song,
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```
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lin Song = regGenN "chanson" feminine
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```
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But to linearize PropKind, we can use the very same rule as in German.
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The resource function AdjCN has different implementations in the two
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languages, but the application programmer need not care about the difference.
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@@ -80,7 +89,7 @@ languages, but the application programmer need not care about the difference.
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To summarize the example, and also give a template for a programmer to work on,
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here is the complete implementation of a small system with songs and properties.
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The abstract syntax defines a "domain ontology":
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```
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abstract Music = {
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cat
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Kind,
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@@ -90,10 +99,10 @@ The abstract syntax defines a "domain ontology":
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Song : Kind ;
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American : Property ;
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}
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```
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The concrete syntax is defined independently of language, by opening
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two interfaces: the resource Grammar and an application lexicon.
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```
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incomplete concrete MusicI of Music = open Grammar, MusicLex in {
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lincat
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Kind = CN ;
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@@ -103,19 +112,19 @@ two interfaces: the resource Grammar and an application lexicon.
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Song = UseN song_N ;
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American = PositA american_A ;
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}
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```
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The application lexicon MusicLex has an abstract syntax, that extends
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the resource category system Cat.
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```
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abstract MusicLex = Cat ** {
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fun
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song_N : N ;
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american_A : A ;
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}
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```
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Each language has its own concrete syntax, which opens the inflectional paradigms
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module for that language:
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```
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concrete MusicLexGer of MusicLex = CatGer ** open ParadigmsGer in {
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lin
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song_N = reg2N "Lied" "Lieder" neuter ;
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@@ -127,10 +136,10 @@ module for that language:
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song_N = regGenN "chanson" feminine ;
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american_A = regA "américain" ;
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}
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```
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The top-level Music grammars are obtained by instantiating the two interfaces
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of MusicI:
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```
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concrete MusicGer of Music = MusicI with
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(Grammar = GrammarGer),
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(MusicLex = MusicLexGer) ;
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@@ -138,12 +147,12 @@ of MusicI:
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concrete MusicFre of Music = MusicI with
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(Grammar = GrammarFre),
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(MusicLex = MusicLexFre) ;
|
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```
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To localize the system to a new language, all that is needed is two modules,
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one implementing MusicLex and the other instantiating Music. The latter is
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completely trivial, whereas the former one involves the choice of correct
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vocabulary and inflectional paradigms. For instance, Finnish is added as follows:
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```
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concrete MusicLexFin of MusicLex = CatFre ** open ParadigmsFin in {
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lin
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song_N = regN "kappale" ;
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@@ -153,7 +162,7 @@ vocabulary and inflectional paradigms. For instance, Finnish is added as follows
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concrete MusicFin of Music = MusicI with
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(Grammar = GrammarFin),
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(MusicLex = MusicLexFin) ;
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```
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More work is of course needed if the language-independent linearizations in
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MusicI are not satisfactory for some language. The resource grammar guarantees
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that the linearizations are possible in all languages, in the sense of grammatical,
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@@ -161,7 +170,7 @@ but they might of course be inadequate for stylistic reasons. Assume,
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for the sake of argument, that adjectival modification does not sound good in
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English, but that a relative clause would be preferrable. One can then start as
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before,
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```
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concrete MusicLexEng of MusicLex = CatFre ** open ParadigmsEng in {
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lin
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song_N = regN "song" ;
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@@ -171,18 +180,18 @@ before,
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concrete MusicEng0 of Music = MusicI with
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(Grammar = GrammarEng),
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(MusicLex = MusicLexEng) ;
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```
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The module MusicEng0 would not be used on the top level, however, but
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another module would be built on top of it, with a restricted import from
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MusicEng0. MusicEng inherits everything from MusicEng0 except PropKind, and
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gives its own definition of this function:
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```
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concrete MusicEng of Music = MusicEng0 - [PropKind] ** open GrammarEng in {
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lin
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PropKind k p =
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RelCN k (UseRCl TPres ASimul PPos (RelVP IdRP (UseComp (CompAP p)))) ;
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}
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```
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===Parsing with resource grammars?===
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@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@ will often use only restricted inheritance of MusicI.
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Inflection paradigms are defined separately for each language L
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in the module ParadigmsL. To test them, the command cc (= compute_concrete)
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can be used:
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||||
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||||
```
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> i -retain german/ParadigmsGer.gf
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> cc regN "Schlange"
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@@ -246,15 +255,15 @@ can be used:
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||||
} ;
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g : Gender = Fem
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}
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||||
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```
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For the sake of convenience, every language implements these four paradigms:
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```
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oper
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regN : Str -> N ; -- regular nouns
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||||
regA : Str -> A : -- regular adjectives
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regV : Str -> V ; -- regular verbs
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||||
dirV : V -> V2 ; -- direct transitive verbs
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||||
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||||
```
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It is often possible to initialize a lexicon by just using these functions,
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and later revise it by using the more involved paradigms. For instance, in
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German we cannot use regN "Lied" for Song, because the result would be a
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@@ -285,36 +294,36 @@ of resource grammars, it is a useful technique for application grammarians
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to browse the library. To find out what resource function does some
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particular job, you can just parse a string that exemplifies this job. For
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||||
instance, to find out how sentences are built using transitive verbs, write
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||||
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||||
```
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||||
> i english/LangEng.gf
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||||
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||||
> p -cat=Cl -fcfg "she loves him"
|
||||
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||||
PredVP (UsePron she_Pron) (ComplV2 love_V2 (UsePron he_Pron))
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Parsing with the English resource grammar has an acceptable speed, but
|
||||
with most languages it takes just too much resources even to build the
|
||||
parser. However, examples parsed in one language can always be linearized into
|
||||
other languages:
|
||||
|
||||
```
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||||
> i italian/LangIta.gf
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||||
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||||
> l PredVP (UsePron she_Pron) (ComplV2 love_V2 (UsePron he_Pron))
|
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||||
lo ama
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||||
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||||
```
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||||
Therefore, one can use the English parser to write an Italian grammar, and also
|
||||
to write a language-independent (incomplete) grammar. One can also parse strings
|
||||
that are bizarre in English but the intended way of expression in another language.
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||||
For instance, the phrase for "I am hungry" in Italian is literally "I have hunger".
|
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This can be built by parsing "I have beer" in LanEng and then writing
|
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||||
```
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lin IamHungry =
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let beer_N = regGenN "fame" feminine
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in
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PredVP (UsePron i_Pron) (ComplV2 have_V2
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(DetCN (DetSg MassDet NoOrd) (UseN beer_N))) ;
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||||
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||||
```
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||||
which uses ParadigmsIta.regGenN.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -323,25 +332,25 @@ which uses ParadigmsIta.regGenN.
|
||||
The technique of parsing with the resource grammar can be used in GF source files,
|
||||
endowed with the suffix .gfe ("GF examples"). The suffix tells GF to preprocess
|
||||
the file by replacing all expressions of the form
|
||||
|
||||
```
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||||
in Module.Cat "example string"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
by the syntax trees obtained by parsing "example string" in Cat in Module.
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||||
For instance,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
lin IamHungry =
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||||
let beer_N = regGenN "fame" feminine
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||||
in
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||||
(in LangEng.Cl "I have beer") ;
|
||||
|
||||
```
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||||
will result in the rule displayed in the previous section. The normal binding rules
|
||||
of functional programming (and GF) guarantee that local bindings of identifiers
|
||||
take precedence over constants of the same forms. Thus it is also possible to
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||||
linearize functions taking arguments in this way:
|
||||
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||||
```
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||||
lin
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PropKind car_N old_A = in LangEng.CN "old car" ;
|
||||
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||||
```
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However, the technique of example-based grammar writing has some limitations:
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- Ambiguity. If a string has several parses, the first one is returned, and
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it may not be the intended one. The other parses are shown in a comment, from
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@@ -349,17 +358,17 @@ where they must/can be picked manually.
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||||
- Lexicality. The arguments of a function must be atomic identifiers, and are thus
|
||||
not available for categories that have no lexical items. For instance, the PropKind
|
||||
rule above gives the result
|
||||
|
||||
```
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||||
lin
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PropKind car_N old_A = AdjCN (UseN car_N) (PositA old_A) ;
|
||||
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```
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||||
However, it is possible to write a special lexicon that gives atomic rules for
|
||||
all those categories that can be used as arguments, for instance,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
fun
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cat_CN : CN ;
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old_AP : AP ;
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||||
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||||
```
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and then use this lexicon instead of the standard one included in Lang.
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@@ -381,23 +390,23 @@ To this end, application grammarians may want to write their own views on the
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resource grammar. An example of this is already provided, in mathematical/Predication.
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Instead of the NP-VP structure, it permits clause construction directly from
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verbs and adjectives and their arguments:
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||||
|
||||
```
|
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predV : V -> NP -> Cl ; -- "x converges"
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||||
predV2 : V2 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- "x intersects y"
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||||
predV3 : V3 -> NP -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- "x intersects y at z"
|
||||
predVColl : V -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- "x and y intersect"
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predA : A -> NP -> Cl ; -- "x is even"
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predA2 : A2 -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- "x is divisible by y"
|
||||
|
||||
```
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The implementation of this module is the functor PredicationI:
|
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||||
```
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predV v x = PredVP x (UseV v) ;
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predV2 v x y = PredVP x (ComplV2 v y) ;
|
||||
predV3 v x y z = PredVP x (ComplV3 v y z) ;
|
||||
predVColl v x y = PredVP (ConjNP and_Conj (BaseNP x y)) (UseV v) ;
|
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predA a x = PredVP x (UseComp (CompAP (PositA a))) ;
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predA2 a x y = PredVP x (UseComp (CompAP (ComplA2 a y))) ;
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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Of course, Predication can be opened together with Grammar, but using
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the resulting grammar for parsing can be frustrating, since having both
|
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ways of building clauses simultaneously available will produce spurious
|
||||
@@ -420,15 +429,15 @@ The outermost linguistic structure is Text. Texts are composed
|
||||
from Phrases followed by punctuation marks - either of ".", "?" or
|
||||
"!" (with their proper variants in Spanish and Arabic). Here is an
|
||||
example of a Text.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
John walks. Why? He doesn't want to sleep!
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Phrases are mostly built from Utterances, which in turn are
|
||||
declarative sentences, questions, or imperatives - but there
|
||||
are also "one-word utterances" consisting of noun phrases
|
||||
or other subsentential phrases. Some Phrases are atomic,
|
||||
for instance "yes" and "no". Here are some examples of Phrases.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
yes
|
||||
come on, John
|
||||
but John walks
|
||||
@@ -436,15 +445,15 @@ for instance "yes" and "no". Here are some examples of Phrases.
|
||||
don't you know that he is sleeping
|
||||
a glass of wine
|
||||
a glass of wine please
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
There is no connection between the punctuation marks and the
|
||||
types of utterances. This reflects the fact that the punctuation
|
||||
mark in a real text is selected as a function of the speech act
|
||||
rather than the grammatical form of an utterance. The following
|
||||
text is thus well-formed.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
John walks. John walks? John walks!
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
What is the difference between Phrase and Utterance? Just technical:
|
||||
a Phrase is an Utterance with an optional leading conjunction ("but")
|
||||
and an optional tailing vocative ("John", "please").
|
||||
@@ -457,7 +466,7 @@ is formed from a Clause, by fixing its Tense, Anteriority, and Polarity.
|
||||
The difference between Sentence and Clause is thus also rather technical.
|
||||
For example, each of the following strings has a distinct syntax tree
|
||||
in the category Sentence:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
John walks
|
||||
John doesn't walk
|
||||
John walked
|
||||
@@ -467,13 +476,13 @@ in the category Sentence:
|
||||
John will walk
|
||||
John won't walk
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
whereas in the category Clause all of them are just different forms of
|
||||
the same tree.
|
||||
|
||||
The following syntax tree of the Text "John walks." gives an overview
|
||||
of the structural levels.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Node Constructor Value type Other constructors
|
||||
-----------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
1. TFullStop Text TQuestMark
|
||||
@@ -491,9 +500,9 @@ Node Constructor Value type Other constructors
|
||||
13. walk_V)))) V sleep_V
|
||||
14. NoVoc) Voc please_Voc
|
||||
15. TEmpty Text
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Here are some examples of the results of changing constructors.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. TFullStop -> TQuestMark John walks?
|
||||
3. NoPConj -> but_PConj But John walks.
|
||||
6. TPres -> TPast John walked.
|
||||
@@ -502,14 +511,18 @@ Here are some examples of the results of changing constructors.
|
||||
11. john_PN -> mary_PN Mary walks.
|
||||
13. walk_V -> sleep_V John sleeps.
|
||||
14. NoVoc -> please_Voc John sleeps please.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
All constructors cannot of course be changed so freely, because the
|
||||
resulting tree would not remain well-typed. Here are some changes involving
|
||||
many constructors:
|
||||
|
||||
4- 5. UttS (UseCl ...) -> UttQS (UseQCl (... QuestCl ...)) Does John walk?
|
||||
10-11. UsePN john_PN -> UsePron we_Pron We walk.
|
||||
12-13. UseV walk_V -> ComplV2 love_V2 this_NP John loves this.
|
||||
```
|
||||
4- 5. UttS (UseCl ...) ->
|
||||
UttQS (UseQCl (... QuestCl ...)) Does John walk?
|
||||
10-11. UsePN john_PN ->
|
||||
UsePron we_Pron We walk.
|
||||
12-13. UseV walk_V ->
|
||||
ComplV2 love_V2 this_NP John loves this.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
===Parts of sentences===
|
||||
@@ -520,13 +533,13 @@ to Sentences, lines 5-13. At this level, the major categories are
|
||||
NP (Noun Phrase) and VP (Verb Phrase). A Clause typically consists of just an
|
||||
NP and a VP. The internal structure of both NP and VP can be very complex,
|
||||
and these categories are mutually recursive: not only can a VP contain an NP,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[VP loves [NP Mary]]
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
but an NP can also contain a VP
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[NP every man [RS who [VP walks]]]
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
(a labelled bracketing like this is of course just a rough approximation of
|
||||
a GF syntax tree, but still a useful device of exposition).
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -591,13 +604,124 @@ to the module Cat, which defines the type system common to the other modules.
|
||||
For instance, the types NP and VP are defined in Cat, and the module Verb only
|
||||
needs to know what is given in Cat, not what is given in Noun. To implement
|
||||
a rule such as
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Verb.ComplV2 : V2 -> NP -> VP
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
it is enough to know the linearization type of NP (as well as those of V2 and VP, all
|
||||
given in Cat). It is not necessary to know what
|
||||
ways there are to build NPs (given in Noun), since all these ways must
|
||||
conform to the linearization type defined in Cat.
|
||||
conform to the linearization type defined in Cat. Thus the format of
|
||||
category-specific modules is as follows:
|
||||
```
|
||||
abstract Adjective = Cat ** {...}
|
||||
abstract Noun = Cat ** {...}
|
||||
abstract Verb = Cat ** {...}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
===Top-level grammar and lexicon===
|
||||
|
||||
The module Grammar collects all the category-specific modules into
|
||||
a complete grammar:
|
||||
```
|
||||
abstract Grammar =
|
||||
Adjective, Noun, Verb, ..., Structural, Idiom
|
||||
```
|
||||
The module Structural is a lexicon of structural words (function words),
|
||||
such as determiners.
|
||||
The module Idiom is a collection of idiomatic structures whose
|
||||
implementation is very language-dependent. An example is existential
|
||||
structures ("there is", "es gibt", "il y a", etc).
|
||||
|
||||
The module Lang combines Grammar with a Lexicon of ca. 350 content words:
|
||||
```
|
||||
abstract Lang = Grammar, Lexicon
|
||||
```
|
||||
Using Lang instead of Grammar as a library may give the advantage of prociding
|
||||
for free some words needed in an application. But its main purpose is to
|
||||
help testing the resource library. It does not seem possible to maintain
|
||||
a general-purpose multilingual lexicon, and this is the form that the module
|
||||
Lexicon has.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
===Language-specific syntactic structures===
|
||||
|
||||
The API collected in Grammar has been designed to be implementable for
|
||||
all languages in the resource package. It does contain some rules that
|
||||
are strange or superfluous in some languages; for instance, the distinction
|
||||
between definite and indefinite articles does not apply to Finnish and Russian.
|
||||
But such rules are still easy to implement: they only create some superfluous
|
||||
ambiguity in the languages in question.
|
||||
|
||||
But the library makes no claim that all languages should have exactly the same
|
||||
abstract syntax. The common API is therefore extended by language-dependent
|
||||
rules. The top level of each languages looks as follows (with English as example):
|
||||
```
|
||||
abstract English = Grammar, ExtraEngAbs, DictEngAbs
|
||||
```
|
||||
where ExtraEngAbs is a collection of syntactic structures specific to English,
|
||||
and DictEngAbs is an English dictionary (at the moment, it consists of IrregEngAbs,
|
||||
the irregular verbs of English). Each of these language-specific grammars has
|
||||
the potential to grow into a full-scale grammar of the language. These grammar
|
||||
can also be used as libraries, but the possibility of using functors is lost.
|
||||
|
||||
To give a better overview of language-specific structures, modules like ExtraEngAbs
|
||||
are built from a language-independent module ExtraAbs by restricted inheritance:
|
||||
```
|
||||
abstract ExtraEngAbs = Extra [f,g,...]
|
||||
```
|
||||
Thus any category and function in Extra may be shared by a subset of all
|
||||
languages. One can see this set-up as a matrix, which tells what Extra structures
|
||||
are implemented in what languages. For the common API in Grammar, the matrix
|
||||
is filled with 1's (everything is implemented in every language).
|
||||
|
||||
Language-specific extensions and the use of restricted
|
||||
inheritance is a recent addition to the resource grammar library, and
|
||||
has only been exploited in a very small scale so far.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==API Documentation==
|
||||
|
||||
===Top-level modules===
|
||||
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Grammar.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Lang.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
===Type system===
|
||||
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Common.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
===Phrase category modules===
|
||||
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adjective.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Conjunction.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Idiom.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Noun.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Numeral.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/OldLexicon.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Question.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Relative.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Structural.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Text.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Verb.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
===Inflectional paradigms===
|
||||
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/danish/ParadigmsDan.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/english/ParadigmsEng.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/finnish/ParadigmsFin.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/french/ParadigmsFre.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/german/ParadigmsGer.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/italian/ParadigmsIta.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/norwegian/ParadigmsNor.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/russian/ParadigmsRus.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/spanish/ParadigmsSpa.txt
|
||||
%!include: ../lib/resource-1.0/swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-01-10 20:56:21 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:38 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adjectives and adjectival phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Adjective = Cat ** {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-23 22:22:34 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:38 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adverbs and adverbial phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,23 +6,27 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The category system</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-28 19:11:48 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:38 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The category system</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Sentences and clauses</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Questions and interrogatives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Verb phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Adjectival phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Numerals</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Structural words</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Words of open classes</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Sentences and clauses</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Questions and interrogatives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Verb phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Adjectival phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Numerals</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Structural words</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Words of open classes</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -32,6 +36,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The category system</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The category system is central to the library in the sense
|
||||
that the other modules (<CODE>Adjective</CODE>, <CODE>Adverb</CODE>, <CODE>Noun</CODE>, <CODE>Verb</CODE> etc)
|
||||
@@ -58,7 +64,7 @@ are defined on <CODE>Conjunction</CODE> and only used locally there.
|
||||
cat
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Sentences and clauses</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>, and also in
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>, and also in
|
||||
Imp ; -- imperative e.g. "look at this"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Questions and interrogatives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +91,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
|
||||
IDet ; -- interrogative determiner e.g. "which"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Relative clauses and pronouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
|
||||
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
|
||||
RP ; -- relative pronoun e.g. "in which"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verb phrases</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
|
||||
@@ -105,7 +111,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
|
||||
Comp ; -- complement of copula, such as AP e.g. "very warm"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectival phrases</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
|
||||
@@ -114,7 +120,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
|
||||
AP ; -- adjectival phrase e.g. "very warm"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns and noun phrases</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
|
||||
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
|
||||
Ord ; -- ordinal number (used in Det) e.g. "seventh"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Numerals</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
|
||||
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
|
||||
Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal, e.g. "five/fifth"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Structural words</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
|
||||
@@ -162,7 +168,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
|
||||
Prep ; -- preposition, or just case e.g. "in"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Words of open classes</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
These are constructed in <A HREF="Lexicon.html">Lexicon</A> and in
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,17 +6,21 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Infrastructure with common implementations.</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-28 19:11:48 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:38 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Infrastructure with common implementations.</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Top-level units</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Tense, polarity, and anteriority</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Top-level units</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Tense, polarity, and anteriority</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Infrastructure with common implementations.</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This module defines the categories that uniformly have the linearization
|
||||
<CODE>{s : Str}</CODE> in all languages.
|
||||
@@ -42,27 +48,33 @@ Romance languages.
|
||||
cat
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Top-level units</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Text.html">Text</A>: <CODE>Text</CODE>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
Text ; -- text consisting of several phrases e.g. "He is here. Why?"
|
||||
Phr ; -- phrase in a text e.g. "But get out please."
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>: <CODE>Phr</CODE> and
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>:
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
Phr ; -- phrase in a text e.g. "but be quiet please"
|
||||
Utt ; -- sentence, question, word... e.g. "be quiet"
|
||||
Voc ; -- vocative or "please" e.g. "my darling"
|
||||
PConj ; -- phrase-beginning conj. e.g. "therefore"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>:
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
SC ; -- embedded sentence or question e.g. "that it rains"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
|
||||
@@ -77,7 +89,7 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
|
||||
CAdv ; -- comparative adverb e.g. "more"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Tense, polarity, and anteriority</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
Tense ; -- tense: present, past, future, conditional
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,17 +6,21 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Coordination</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-01-20 22:04:10 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:39 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Coordination</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Rules</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Categories</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">List constructors</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Rules</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Categories</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">List constructors</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Coordination</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Coordination is defined for many different categories; here is
|
||||
a sample. The rules apply to <B>lists</B> of two or more elements,
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +51,7 @@ compatibility with API 0.9 is needed, use
|
||||
abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Rules</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
fun
|
||||
@@ -60,7 +66,7 @@ compatibility with API 0.9 is needed, use
|
||||
DConjAdv : DConj -> [Adv] -> Adv; -- "both badly and slowly"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Categories</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
These categories are only used in this module.
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ These categories are only used in this module.
|
||||
[AP]{2} ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>List constructors</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The list constructors are derived from the list notation and therefore
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-01 22:30:20 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:39 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This grammar a collection of the different grammar modules,
|
||||
To test the resource, import <A HREF="Lang.html">Lang</A>, which also contains
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Idiomatic expressions</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-01 22:30:20 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:39 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Idiomatic expressions</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Idiomatic expressions</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Idiom = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-07 18:26:44 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:40 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The Main Module of the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This grammar is just a collection of the different modules,
|
||||
and the one that can be imported when one wants to test the
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 21:36:45 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:44 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The Mathematics API to the Resource Grammar</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This grammar is a collection of the different modules.
|
||||
It differs from <CODE>Lang</CODE> in two main ways:
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-23 23:36:59 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:44 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Multimodal additions to the resource grammar library</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Multi = Lang ** {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,18 +6,22 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-23 23:27:56 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:40 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Determiners</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Common nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Apposition</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Determiners</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Common nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Apposition</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -27,11 +31,13 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Noun = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Noun phrases</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The three main types of noun phrases are
|
||||
@@ -66,7 +72,7 @@ verb or by an adverb.
|
||||
AdvNP : NP -> Adv -> NP ; -- Paris at midnight
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Determiners</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
|
||||
@@ -160,7 +166,7 @@ in semantically odd expressions.
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Other determiners are defined in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Common nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
|
||||
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ to decide. Sentential complements are defined in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
|
||||
SentCN : CN -> SC -> CN ; -- fact that John smokes, question if he does
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Apposition</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This is certainly overgenerating.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Numerals</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-01-17 17:56:17 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:40 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Numerals</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Numerals</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This grammar defines numerals from 1 to 999999.
|
||||
The implementations are adapted from the
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,52 +2,64 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Danish Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-01 22:30:20 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Danish Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with a particle</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Deponent verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Verbs with a particle</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Deponent verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc19">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:42 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Danish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ words.
|
||||
CatDan in {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -125,7 +137,7 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
||||
Preposition : Type = Str ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
||||
@@ -168,13 +180,13 @@ indefinite
|
||||
mk3N : (bil,bilen,biler : Str) -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
|
||||
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -202,7 +214,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -210,7 +222,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
||||
@@ -234,7 +246,7 @@ genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms:
|
||||
@@ -257,7 +269,7 @@ In most cases, two forms are enough.
|
||||
mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -304,7 +316,7 @@ long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
||||
compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -322,7 +334,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
A preposition is just a string.
|
||||
@@ -331,7 +343,7 @@ A preposition is just a string.
|
||||
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The worst case needs six forms.
|
||||
@@ -362,7 +374,7 @@ In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
||||
irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
|
||||
@@ -371,7 +383,7 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
|
||||
vaereV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
@@ -380,7 +392,7 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Deponent verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
|
||||
@@ -391,7 +403,7 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>
|
||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -403,7 +415,7 @@ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -415,7 +427,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -449,7 +461,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc19"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Definitions of the paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,51 +2,63 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> English Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-04-21 16:38:25 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">English Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Reflexive verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Reflexive verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Definitions of paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Definitions of paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:42 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>English Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ The following modules are presupposed:
|
||||
in {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -126,7 +138,7 @@ Prepositions are used in many-argument functions for rection.
|
||||
Preposition : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: give all four forms and the semantic gender.
|
||||
@@ -160,7 +172,7 @@ function:
|
||||
genderN : Gender -> N -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
A compound noun ia an uninflected string attached to an inflected noun,
|
||||
@@ -170,7 +182,7 @@ such as <I>baby boom</I>, <I>chief executive officer</I>.
|
||||
compoundN : Str -> N -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -198,7 +210,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -209,7 +221,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>).
|
||||
cnN3 : CN -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
||||
@@ -233,7 +245,7 @@ genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need two forms: one for
|
||||
@@ -251,7 +263,7 @@ even for cases with the variation <I>happy - happily</I>.
|
||||
regA : Str -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -301,7 +313,7 @@ From a given <CODE>ADeg</CODE>, it is possible to get back to <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
adegA : ADeg -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -319,7 +331,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
A preposition as used for rection in the lexicon, as well as to
|
||||
@@ -333,7 +345,7 @@ build <CODE>PP</CODE>s in the resource API, just requires a string.
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
(These two functions are synonyms.)
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Except for <I>be</I>, the worst case needs five forms: the infinitive and
|
||||
@@ -372,7 +384,7 @@ duplication in the present participle.
|
||||
irregDuplV : (get, got, gotten : Str) -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
@@ -381,7 +393,7 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Reflexive verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
|
||||
@@ -390,7 +402,7 @@ By default, verbs are not reflexive; this function makes them that.
|
||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -402,7 +414,7 @@ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -414,7 +426,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -448,7 +460,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Definitions of paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,36 +2,48 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Finnish Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Finnish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-07 21:08:18 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Finnish Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:42 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Finnish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003--2005
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -77,7 +89,7 @@ flags optimize=all ;
|
||||
flags optimize=noexpand ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender, number, and (some) case names,
|
||||
@@ -117,7 +129,7 @@ just a case, or a pre/postposition and a case.
|
||||
casePrep : Case -> Prep ; -- adessive
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The worst case gives ten forms and the semantic gender.
|
||||
@@ -317,7 +329,7 @@ The plural forms are filtered away by the compiler.
|
||||
mkNP : N -> Number -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives are just like nouns.
|
||||
@@ -349,7 +361,7 @@ The regular adjectives are based on <CODE>regN</CODE> in the positive.
|
||||
regA : (punainen : Str) -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The grammar does not cover the potential mood and some nominal
|
||||
@@ -455,7 +467,7 @@ But this is taken care of by <CODE>ClauseFin</CODE>.
|
||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -467,7 +479,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- acc, allat
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,49 +2,61 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> French Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> French Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-07 21:08:17 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">French Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:43 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>French Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -84,7 +96,7 @@ words.
|
||||
flags optimize=all ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -123,7 +135,7 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
|
||||
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: give both two forms and the gender.
|
||||
@@ -153,7 +165,7 @@ Adding gender information widens the scope of the foregoing function.
|
||||
regGenN : Str -> Gender -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
|
||||
@@ -165,7 +177,7 @@ they are frequent in lexica.
|
||||
compN : N -> Str -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>fille de x</I>) need a case and a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -190,7 +202,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>la connection de x
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -198,7 +210,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
||||
@@ -215,7 +227,7 @@ you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need four forms in the worst
|
||||
@@ -246,7 +258,7 @@ provided.
|
||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -255,7 +267,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
|
||||
@@ -281,7 +293,7 @@ provided.
|
||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -305,7 +317,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Irregular verbs are given in the module <CODE>VerbsFre</CODE>.
|
||||
@@ -342,7 +354,7 @@ To change it to <I>
|
||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -361,7 +373,7 @@ You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -373,7 +385,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -409,7 +421,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Definitions of the paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -34,13 +34,20 @@
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Last update: 2006-01-20 22:04:10 CET
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:43 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>German Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,49 +2,61 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Italian Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Italian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-22 19:06:50 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Italian Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">The definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">The definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:43 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Italian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ words.
|
||||
flags optimize=all ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
|
||||
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: give both two forms and the gender.
|
||||
@@ -151,7 +163,7 @@ To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
|
||||
femN : N -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
|
||||
@@ -163,7 +175,7 @@ they are frequent in lexica.
|
||||
compN : N -> Str -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>figlio di x</I>) need a case and a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -188,7 +200,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>la connessione di x a y</I>) need two prepositi
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -196,7 +208,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
||||
@@ -213,7 +225,7 @@ you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
|
||||
@@ -241,7 +253,7 @@ provided.
|
||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -250,7 +262,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
|
||||
@@ -276,7 +288,7 @@ with comparison by <I>plus</I>.
|
||||
regADeg : Str -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -300,7 +312,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Regular verbs are ones with the infinitive <I>er</I> or <I>ir</I>, the
|
||||
@@ -331,7 +343,7 @@ Reflexive implies <I>essere</I>.
|
||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -350,7 +362,7 @@ You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -362,7 +374,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -398,7 +410,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H2>The definitions of the paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,52 +2,64 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-01 22:30:20 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc19">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:43 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Norwegian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +97,7 @@ words.
|
||||
CatNor in {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -126,7 +138,7 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
||||
Preposition : Type = Str ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
||||
@@ -162,13 +174,13 @@ gender is computed from the definite form.
|
||||
mk2N : (bil,bilen : Str) -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
|
||||
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -196,7 +208,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -204,7 +216,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
||||
@@ -228,7 +240,7 @@ genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need three forms:
|
||||
@@ -251,7 +263,7 @@ In most cases, two forms are enough.
|
||||
mk2A : (stor,stort : Str) -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -298,7 +310,7 @@ long adjective, the following pattern is used:
|
||||
compoundA : A -> A ; -- -/mer/mest norsk
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -316,7 +328,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
A preposition is just a string.
|
||||
@@ -325,7 +337,7 @@ A preposition is just a string.
|
||||
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The worst case needs six forms.
|
||||
@@ -356,7 +368,7 @@ In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
||||
irregV : (drikke, drakk, drukket : Str) -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Verbs with //være// as auxiliary</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>være</I>.
|
||||
@@ -365,7 +377,7 @@ By default, the auxiliary is <I>have</I>. This function changes it to <I>v
|
||||
vaereV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
@@ -374,7 +386,7 @@ The particle, such as in <I>switch on</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
|
||||
@@ -385,7 +397,7 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>
|
||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -397,7 +409,7 @@ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -409,7 +421,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- give,_,_
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -443,7 +455,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc19"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Definitions of the paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,33 +2,45 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Russian Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Russian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-20 11:51:24 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Russian Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Verbs</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:43 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude:../common
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Russian Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Janna Khegai 2003--2005
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -70,7 +82,7 @@ The following modules are presupposed:
|
||||
flags coding=utf8 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -110,7 +122,7 @@ To abstract over number names, we define the following.
|
||||
plural : Number ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Best case: indeclinabe nouns: <I>кофе</I>, <I>пальто</I>, <I>ВУЗ</I>.
|
||||
@@ -142,6 +154,14 @@ since there are a lot of exceptions and the gain is just one form less.
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The regular function captures the variants for some popular nouns
|
||||
endings below:
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
regN : Str -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Here are some common patterns. The list is far from complete.
|
||||
Feminine patterns.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
@@ -213,7 +233,7 @@ On the top level, it is maybe <CODE>CN</CODE> that is used rather than <CODE>N</
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Animacy -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison (only positive degree) one-place adjectives need 28 (4 by 7)
|
||||
@@ -230,6 +250,14 @@ Notice that 4 short forms, which exist for some adjectives are not included
|
||||
in the current description, otherwise there would be 32 forms for
|
||||
positive degree.
|
||||
mkA : ( : Str) -> A ;
|
||||
The regular function captures the variants for some popular adjective
|
||||
endings below:
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
regA : Str -> Str -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Invariable adjective is a special case.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
@@ -269,7 +297,7 @@ On top level, there are adjectival phrases. The most common case is
|
||||
just to use a one-place adjective.
|
||||
ap : A -> IsPostfixAdj -> AP ;
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -279,7 +307,7 @@ after the verb. Some can be preverbal (e.g. <I>always</I>).
|
||||
mkAdv : Str -> Adv ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In our lexicon description (<I>Verbum</I>) there are 62 forms:
|
||||
@@ -342,10 +370,10 @@ between stem and ending lies it is sufficient to compare
|
||||
first person from with second person form:
|
||||
<I>я люб-лю</I>, <I>ты люб-ишь</I>. Stems shoud be the same.
|
||||
So the definition for verb <I>любить</I> looks like:
|
||||
mkRegVerb Imperfective Second <I>люб</I> <I>лю</I> <I>любил</I> <I>люби</I> <I>любить</I>;
|
||||
regV Imperfective Second <I>люб</I> <I>лю</I> <I>любил</I> <I>люби</I> <I>любить</I>;
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
mkRegVerb :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ;
|
||||
regV :Aspect -> Conjugation -> (_,_,_,_,_ : Str) -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -361,9 +389,9 @@ Two-place verbs, and the special case with direct object. Notice that
|
||||
a particle can be included in a <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
mkTV : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
|
||||
mkV2 : V -> Str -> Case -> V2 ; -- "войти в дом"; "в", accusative
|
||||
mkV3 : V -> Str -> Str -> Case -> Case -> V3 ; -- "сложить письмо в конверт"
|
||||
tvDir : V -> V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить"
|
||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ; -- "видеть", "любить"
|
||||
tvDirDir : V -> V3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,49 +2,61 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Spanish Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Spanish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-14 11:21:47 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Spanish Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Comparison adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">The definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">The definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:43 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../romance:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Spanish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -82,7 +94,7 @@ escape to construct the most irregular words of type <CODE>C</CODE>.
|
||||
flags optimize=all ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -121,7 +133,7 @@ amalgamate with the following word (the 'genitive' <I>de</I> and the
|
||||
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: two forms (singular + plural),
|
||||
@@ -152,7 +164,7 @@ To force a different gender, use one of the following functions.
|
||||
femN : N -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Some nouns are ones where the first part is inflected as a noun but
|
||||
@@ -164,7 +176,7 @@ they are frequent in lexica.
|
||||
compN : N -> Str -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>fille de x</I>) need a case and a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -189,7 +201,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>la connessione di x a y</I>) need two prepositi
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -197,7 +209,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names need a string and a gender.
|
||||
@@ -214,7 +226,7 @@ you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Gender -> Number -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Non-comparison one-place adjectives need five forms in the worst
|
||||
@@ -243,7 +255,7 @@ provided.
|
||||
prefA : A -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -252,7 +264,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Comparison adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Comparison adjectives are in the worst case put up from two
|
||||
@@ -278,7 +290,7 @@ with comparison by <I>mas</I>.
|
||||
regADeg : Str -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -302,7 +314,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Regular verbs are ones inflected like <I>cortar</I>, <I>deber</I>, or <I>vivir</I>.
|
||||
@@ -338,7 +350,7 @@ in masculine singular form as second argument.
|
||||
special_ppV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -357,7 +369,7 @@ You can reuse a <CODE>V2</CODE> verb in <CODE>V</CODE>.
|
||||
v2V : V2 -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -369,7 +381,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- donner,_,_
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -405,7 +417,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H2>The definitions of the paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -2,51 +2,63 @@
|
||||
<HTML>
|
||||
<HEAD>
|
||||
<META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
|
||||
<TITLE> Swedish Lexical Paradigms</TITLE>
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Swedish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-06-01 22:30:20 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Swedish Lexical Paradigms</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Parameters</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Nouns</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Compound nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relational nouns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relational common noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Proper names and noun phrases</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectives</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Two-place adjectives</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc11">Prepositions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc12">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc13">Verbs with a particle.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc14">Deponent verbs.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc15">Two-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc16">Three-place verbs</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Other complement patterns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc17">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc18">Definitions of the paradigms</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:44 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
# -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Swedish Lexical Paradigms</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Aarne Ranta 2003
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
@@ -84,7 +96,7 @@ words.
|
||||
CatSwe in {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Parameters</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
To abstract over gender names, we define the following identifiers.
|
||||
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ Prepositions used in many-argument functions are just strings.
|
||||
Preposition : Type = Str ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Nouns</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Worst case: give all four forms. The gender is computed from the
|
||||
@@ -167,13 +179,13 @@ It does not work if there are changes in the stem.
|
||||
mk1N : (bilarna : Str) -> N ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Compound nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
All the functions above work quite as well to form compound nouns,
|
||||
such as <I>fotboll</I>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational nouns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Relational nouns (<I>daughter of x</I>) need a preposition.
|
||||
@@ -201,7 +213,7 @@ Three-place relational nouns (<I>the connection from x to y</I>) need two prepos
|
||||
mkN3 : N -> Preposition -> Preposition -> N3 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Relational common noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
In some cases, you may want to make a complex <CODE>CN</CODE> into a
|
||||
@@ -209,7 +221,7 @@ relational noun (e.g. <I>the old town hall of</I>). However, <CODE>N2</CODE> and
|
||||
<CODE>N3</CODE> are purely lexical categories. But you can use the <CODE>AdvCN</CODE>
|
||||
and <CODE>PrepNP</CODE> constructions to build phrases like this.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Proper names and noun phrases</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Proper names, with a regular genitive, are formed as follows
|
||||
@@ -233,7 +245,7 @@ genitive, you can use the worst-case function.
|
||||
mkNP : Str -> Str -> Number -> Gender -> NP ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adjectives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adjectives may need as many as seven forms.
|
||||
@@ -272,7 +284,7 @@ Comparison forms may be compound (<I>mera svensk</I> - <I>mest svensk</I>).
|
||||
compoundA : A -> A ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place adjectives</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
@@ -281,7 +293,7 @@ Two-place adjectives need a preposition for their second argument.
|
||||
mkA2 : A -> Preposition -> A2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc9"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Adverbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adverbs are not inflected. Most lexical ones have position
|
||||
@@ -299,7 +311,7 @@ Adverbs modifying adjectives and sentences can also be formed.
|
||||
mkAdA : Str -> AdA ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc10"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Prepositions</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
A preposition is just a string.
|
||||
@@ -308,7 +320,7 @@ A preposition is just a string.
|
||||
mkPreposition : Str -> Preposition ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc11"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Verbs</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The worst case needs five forms.
|
||||
@@ -346,7 +358,7 @@ In practice, it is enough to give three forms, as in school books.
|
||||
irregV : (dricka, drack, druckit : Str) -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc12"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Verbs with a particle.</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The particle, such as in <I>passa på</I>, is given as a string.
|
||||
@@ -355,7 +367,7 @@ The particle, such as in <I>passa p
|
||||
partV : V -> Str -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc13"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Deponent verbs.</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Some words are used in passive forms only, e.g. <I>hoppas</I>, some as
|
||||
@@ -366,7 +378,7 @@ reflexive e.g. <I>
|
||||
reflV : V -> V ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc14"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Two-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
@@ -378,7 +390,7 @@ Two-place verbs need a preposition, except the special case with direct object.
|
||||
dirV2 : V -> V2 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc15"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Three-place verbs</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Three-place (ditransitive) verbs need two prepositions, of which
|
||||
@@ -390,7 +402,7 @@ the first one or both can be absent.
|
||||
dirdirV3 : V -> V3 ; -- ge _ _
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc16"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<H3>Other complement patterns</H3>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs and adjectives can take complements such as sentences,
|
||||
@@ -424,7 +436,7 @@ as an adverb. Likewise <CODE>AS, A2S, AV, A2V</CODE> are just <CODE>A</CODE>.
|
||||
AS, A2S, AV, A2V : Type ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc17"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc18"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Definitions of the paradigms</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrases and utterances</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-01-25 20:10:39 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:40 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Phrases and utterances</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Phrases and utterances</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Phrase = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Last update: 2005-11-17 17:36:49 CET
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:45 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
operations for precedence-dependent strings.
|
||||
five levels:
|
||||
p4 (constants), p3 (applications), p2 (products), p1 (sums), p0 (arrows)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Predefined functions for concrete syntax</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 22:19:20 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:45 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Predefined functions for concrete syntax</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Predefined functions for concrete syntax</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The definitions of these constants are hard-coded in GF, and defined
|
||||
in <A HREF="../src/GF/Grammar/AppPredefined.hs">AppPredefined.hs</A>. Applying
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Last update: 2006-06-03 10:54:51 CEST
|
||||
Author:
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:45 2006
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
==
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract PredefAbs = {
|
||||
cat Int ; String ; Float ;
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,20 +6,24 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> A Small Predication Library</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 23:46:32 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:44 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">A Small Predication Library</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The category of atomic sentences</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Predication patterns.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Imperatives and infinitives.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Individual-valued function applications</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Families of types</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Type constructor</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">The category of atomic sentences</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Predication patterns.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Imperatives and infinitives.</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Individual-valued function applications</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Families of types</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Type constructor</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>A Small Predication Library</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta 2003-2006 under Gnu GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ API of resource grammars.
|
||||
abstract Predication = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>The category of atomic sentences</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
We want to use sentences in positive and negative forms but do not care about
|
||||
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@ tenses.
|
||||
NegCl : Cl -> S ; -- negative sentence: "x doesn't intersect y"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Predication patterns.</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
predV : V -> NP -> Cl ; -- one-place verb: "x converges"
|
||||
@@ -70,14 +76,14 @@ tenses.
|
||||
predPrep : Prep -> NP -> NP -> Cl ; -- preposition: "x is outside y"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Imperatives and infinitives.</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
impV2 : V2 -> NP -> Phr ; -- imperative: "solve the equation E"
|
||||
infV2 : V2 -> NP -> Phr ; -- infinitive: "to solve the equation E"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Individual-valued function applications</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
appN2 : N2 -> NP -> NP ; -- one-place function: "the successor of x"
|
||||
@@ -85,7 +91,7 @@ tenses.
|
||||
appColl : N2 -> NP -> NP -> NP ; -- collective function: "the sum of x and y"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Families of types</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
These are expressed by relational nouns applied to arguments.
|
||||
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ These are expressed by relational nouns applied to arguments.
|
||||
famColl : N2 -> NP -> NP -> CN ; -- collective family: "path between x and y"
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Type constructor</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This is similar to a family except that the argument is a type.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,21 +6,25 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The GF Prelude</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-25 22:31:06 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:46 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The GF Prelude</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Strings, records, and tables</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Optional elements</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Infixes. prefixes, and postfixes</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Booleans</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">High-level acces to Predef operations</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Lexer-related operations</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Miscellaneous</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Strings, records, and tables</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Optional elements</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Infixes. prefixes, and postfixes</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Booleans</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">High-level acces to Predef operations</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc7">Lexer-related operations</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc8">Miscellaneous</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -30,6 +34,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The GF Prelude</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This file defines some prelude facilities usable in all grammars.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ This file defines some prelude facilities usable in all grammars.
|
||||
oper
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Strings, records, and tables</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
SS : Type = {s : Str} ;
|
||||
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ Discontinuous constituents.
|
||||
sd2 : (_,_ : Str) -> SD2 = \x,y -> {s1 = x ; s2 = y} ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Optional elements</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Missing form.
|
||||
@@ -100,7 +106,7 @@ Parametric order between two strings.
|
||||
if_then_Str pr (x ++ y) (y ++ x) ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Infixes. prefixes, and postfixes</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Fixes with precedences are defined in <A HREF="Precedence.html">Precedence</A>.
|
||||
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ Fixes with precedences are defined in <A HREF="Precedence.html">Precedence</A>.
|
||||
embedSS : Str -> Str -> SS -> SS = \f,g,x -> ss (f ++ x.s ++ g) ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Booleans</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
param Bool = True | False ;
|
||||
@@ -148,7 +154,7 @@ Interface to internal booleans
|
||||
last : Tok -> Tok = Predef.dp 1 ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H2>High-level acces to Predef operations</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
isNil : Tok -> Bool = \b -> pbool2bool (Predef.eqStr [] b) ;
|
||||
@@ -157,7 +163,7 @@ Interface to internal booleans
|
||||
case Predef.eqStr t u of {Predef.PTrue => a ; Predef.PFalse => b} ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Lexer-related operations</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Bind together two tokens in some lexers, either obligatorily or optionally
|
||||
@@ -185,7 +191,7 @@ These should be hidden, and never changed since they are hardcoded in (un)lexers
|
||||
CAPIT : Str = "&|" ;
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc7"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc8"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Miscellaneous</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Identity function
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-04-20 21:45:11 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Questions and interrogative pronouns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Questions and interrogative pronouns</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Question = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-01-17 17:56:17 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Relative clauses and pronouns</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Relative = Cat ** {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,19 +6,23 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-01-25 20:10:39 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Imperatives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Embedded sentences</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Sentences</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Imperatives</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Embedded sentences</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc6">Sentences</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -28,11 +32,13 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Sentences, clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Clauses</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization
|
||||
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
|
||||
PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ; -- that you go makes me happy
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Clauses missing object noun phrases</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This category is a variant of the 'slash category' <CODE>S/NP</CODE> of
|
||||
@@ -71,7 +77,7 @@ the style of CCG.
|
||||
SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ; -- (with whom) he walks
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Imperatives</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
|
||||
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ To fix these parameters, see <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
|
||||
ImpVP : VP -> Imp ; -- go
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Embedded sentences</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
|
||||
@@ -94,7 +100,7 @@ subjects and (adverbial) complements.
|
||||
EmbedVP : VP -> SC ; -- to go
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc6"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Sentences</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
These are the 2 x 4 x 4 = 16 forms generated by different
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-23 23:38:09 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
AR 21/11/2003 -- 30/11/2005
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,17 +6,21 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Symbolic expressions</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-03-17 12:02:40 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:44 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Symbolic expressions</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Noun phrases with symbols and numbers</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Sentence consisting of a formula</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Symbol lists</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Noun phrases with symbols and numbers</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Sentence consisting of a formula</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Symbol lists</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Symbolic expressions</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
<B>Note</B>. This module is not automatically included in the main
|
||||
grammar <A HREF="Lang.html">Lang</A>.
|
||||
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ grammar <A HREF="Lang.html">Lang</A>.
|
||||
abstract Symbol = Cat, PredefAbs ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Noun phrases with symbols and numbers</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
fun
|
||||
@@ -46,13 +52,13 @@ grammar <A HREF="Lang.html">Lang</A>.
|
||||
CNSymbNP : Det -> CN -> [Symb] -> NP ; -- (the) (2) numbers x and y
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Sentence consisting of a formula</H2>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
SymbS : Symb -> S ; -- A
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Symbol lists</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
A symbol list has at least two elements. The last two are separated
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Tense, Polarity, and Anteriority</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-26 18:06:25 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Tense, Polarity, and Anteriority</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Tense, Polarity, and Anteriority</H1>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
This module defines the abstract parameters of tense, polarity, and
|
||||
anteriority, which are used in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A> to generate different
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Texts</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-05-23 18:27:29 CEST</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Texts</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>Texts</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Text = Common ** {
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -6,18 +6,22 @@
|
||||
</HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
|
||||
<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
|
||||
<FONT SIZE="4">
|
||||
<I>Last update: 2006-02-26 18:02:58 CET</I><BR>
|
||||
<I>Author: </I><BR>
|
||||
Last update: Tue Jun 13 11:42:41 2006
|
||||
</FONT></CENTER>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of verb phrases</A>
|
||||
<UL>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc1">Complementization rules</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Complements to copula</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Coercions</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc2">Complementization rules</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc3">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc4">Complements to copula</A>
|
||||
<LI><A HREF="#toc5">Coercions</A>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
</UL>
|
||||
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
|
||||
@@ -27,11 +31,13 @@ Produced by
|
||||
gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
|
||||
(c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<H1>The construction of verb phrases</H1>
|
||||
<PRE>
|
||||
abstract Verb = Cat ** {
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc1"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Complementization rules</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
|
||||
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
|
||||
ComplV2A : V2A -> NP -> AP -> VP ; -- paint the house red
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc2"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Other ways of forming verb phrases</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
|
||||
@@ -92,7 +98,7 @@ vs. next to (or before) the verb.
|
||||
<B>Agents of passives</B> are constructed as adverbs with the
|
||||
preposition <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.8agent_Prep</CODE>.
|
||||
</P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc3"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Complements to copula</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
|
||||
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
|
||||
CompAdv : Adv -> Comp ; -- (be) here
|
||||
</PRE>
|
||||
<P></P>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc4"></A>
|
||||
<A NAME="toc5"></A>
|
||||
<H2>Coercions</H2>
|
||||
<P>
|
||||
Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways,
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user