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some more notes on clitics

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aarne
2010-12-29 22:48:08 +00:00
parent 01e0dac456
commit 8800c841a8
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31
lib/src/finnish/frequency/particles.txt
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@@ -1,10 +1,28 @@
On the syntax of clitic particles in Finnish
-- AR 29/12/2010
Pas ::= pas | pa | han | kos | ko | kohan | pahan -- free
Kin ::= kin/kaan -- dep. on polarity
The clitic particles come in two groups:
Pas ::= pas | pa | han | kos | ko | kohan | pahan -- free variation
Kin ::= kin/kaan -- depending on polarity
(vowel harmony ignored). A Finnish sentence can have at most one of each. A Pas clitic is
always attached to the first word ("Aripas juo maitoa") or phrase such as NP
("minun poikanipas juo maitoa"). A Kin clitic can be attached to almost any word; if the
same as Pas, Kin must come first ("Arikinhan juo maitoa"). Some combinations are clumsy
but presumably OK ("Arikinpas"). If the verb is first, it doesn't seem to allow Kin
(*"juokin Ari maitoa").
The following is a list of combinatory possibilities. Adverbs (represented by "nyt")
can be added ad libitum - at most two of them then become carriers of clitics
("nythän Ari juo maitoa täälläkin").
-- declaratives and questions
(Notice that, in the presence of "ei", Kin is "kaan", otherwise "kin".)
ari Pas? ei? (juo Kin maitoa nyt | juo maitoa Kin nyt | juo maitoa nyt Kin?)
maitoa Pas? ei? (ari Kin juo nyt | ari juo Kin nyt | ari juo nyt Kin?)
nyt Pas? ei? (ari Kin juo maitoa | ari juo Kin maitoa | ari juo maitoa Kin?)
@@ -19,14 +37,19 @@ ei Pas? (ari Kin juo maitoa nyt | ari juo Kin maitoa nyt | ari juo maitoa Ki
-- imperatives
The question clitic is (for obvious semantic reasons) omitted from the Pas category:
Pas- ::= pa | pas | han | pahan
juo Pas-? (ari Kin maitoa nyt | ari maitoa Kin nyt | ari maitoa nyt Kin?)
älä Pas-? (ari Kin juo maitoa nyt | ari juo Kin maitoa nyt | ari juo maitoa Kin nyt
| ari juo maitoa nyt Kin?)
Pas- ::= pa | pas | han | pahan
-- negation word
*enkään, *etkään, *eikään, ?emmekään, ?ettekään, ?eivätkään (quite some Google hits)
Strangely enough, Kin seems to be getting accepted in plural (= two-syllabic) negations:
*enkään, *etkään, *eikään, ?emmekään, ?ettekään, ?eivätkään (quite some Google hits)