new resource doc on Phrase etc

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Adverb.gf

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
     PositAdvAdj : A -> Adv ;                 -- quickly
     PrepNP      : Prep -> NP -> Adv ;        -- in the house
 
-
 -- Comparative adverbs have a noun phrase or a sentence as object of
 -- comparison.
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
 -- Subordinate clauses can function as adverbs.
 
     SubjS : Subj -> S -> Adv ;               -- when he arrives
-    AdvSC : SC -> Adv ;                      ---- REMOVE THIS?
+    AdvSC : SC -> Adv ;                      -- that he arrives ---- REMOVE?
 
 -- Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs.
 

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Cat.gf

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ abstract Cat = {
     Cl ;    -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this"
     Slash ; -- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG)    e.g. "she looks at"
     Imp ;   -- imperative                          e.g. "look at this"
+    SC ;    -- embedded sentence or question       e.g. "that it rains"
 
 --2 Questions and interrogatives
 
@@ -52,7 +53,6 @@ abstract Cat = {
 
     VP ;    -- verb phrase                         e.g. "is very warm"
     Comp ;  -- complement of copula, such as AP    e.g. "very warm"
-    SC ;    -- embedded sentence or question       e.g. "that it rains"
 
 --2 Adjectival phrases
 

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Phrase.gf

@@ -1,21 +1,43 @@
+--1 Phrases and utterances
+
 abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
 
+-- When a phrase is built from an utterance it can be prefixed
+-- with a phrasal conjunction (such as "but", "therefore")
+-- and suffixing with a vocative (typically a noun phrase).
+
   fun
-    PhrUtt  : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ;
+    PhrUtt   : PConj -> Utt -> Voc -> Phr ; -- But go home my friend.
 
-    UttS    : S -> Utt ;
+-- Utterances are formed from sentences, questions, and imperatives.
-    UttQS   : QS -> Utt ;
-    UttImpSg, UttImpPl  : Pol -> Imp -> Utt ;
 
-    UttIP   : IP   -> Utt ;
+    UttS     : S -> Utt ;                   -- John walks
-    UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ;
+    UttQS    : QS -> Utt ;                  -- is it good
-    UttNP   : NP   -> Utt ;
+    UttImpSg : Pol -> Imp -> Utt;           -- (don't) help yourself
-    UttAdv  : Adv  -> Utt ;
+    UttImpPl : Pol -> Imp -> Utt;           -- (don't) help yourselves
-    UttVP   : VP   -> Utt ;
 
-    NoPConj : PConj ;
+-- There are also 'one-word utterances'. A typical use of them is
-    PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ;
+-- as answers to questions.
+-- *Note*. This list is incomplete. More categories could be covered.
+-- Moreover, in many languages e.g. noun phrases in different cases
+-- can be used.
+
+    UttIP   : IP   -> Utt ;                 -- who
+    UttIAdv : IAdv -> Utt ;                 -- why
+    UttNP   : NP   -> Utt ;                 -- this man
+    UttAdv  : Adv  -> Utt ;                 -- here
+    UttVP   : VP   -> Utt ;                 -- to sleep
+
+-- The phrasal conjunction is optional. A sentence conjunction
+-- can also used to prefix an utterance.
+
+    NoPConj   : PConj ;                      
+    PConjConj : Conj -> PConj ;             -- and
+
+-- The vocative is optional. Any noun phrase can be made into vocative,
+-- which may be overgenerating (e.g. "I").
 
     NoVoc   : Voc ;
-    VocNP   : NP -> Voc ;
+    VocNP   : NP -> Voc ;                   -- my friend
+
 }

lib/resource-1.0/abstract/Sentence.gf

@@ -1,19 +1,53 @@
+--1 Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements
+
 abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
 
+--2 Clauses
+
+-- The $NP VP$ predication rule form a clause whose linearization
+-- gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative.
+-- Clauses are converted to $S$ (with fixed tense) in [Tensed Tensed.html].
+
   fun
+    PredVP    : NP -> VP -> Cl ;         -- John walks
 
-    PredVP   : NP -> VP -> Cl ;
+-- Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately.
-    PredSCVP : SC -> VP -> Cl ;
+-- This can be overgenerating. E.g. "whether you go" as subject
+-- is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
 
-    ImpVP    : VP -> Imp ;
+    PredSCVP  : SC -> VP -> Cl ;         -- that you go makes me happy
 
-    SlashV2   : NP -> V2 -> Slash ;
+--2 Clauses missing object noun phrases
-    SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash ;
+
-    AdvSlash  : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ;
+-- This category is a variant of the 'slash category' $S/NP$ of
-    SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ;
+-- GPSG and categorial grammars, which in turn replaces
+-- movement transformations in the formation of questions
+-- and relative clauses. Except $SlashV2$, the construction 
+-- rules can be seen as special cases of function composition, in
+-- the style of CCG.
+-- *Note* the set is not complete and lacks e.g. verbs with more than 2 places.
+
+    SlashV2   : NP -> V2 -> Slash ;      -- (whom) he sees
+    SlashVVV2 : NP -> VV -> V2 -> Slash; -- (whom) he wants to see 
+    AdvSlash  : Slash -> Adv -> Slash ;  -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
+    SlashPrep : Cl -> Prep -> Slash ;    -- (with whom) he walks 
+
+--2 Imperatives
+
+-- An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
+-- It has variation over positive and negative, singular and plural.
+-- To fix these parameters, see [Phrase Phrase.html].
+
+    ImpVP     : VP -> Imp ;              -- go
+
+--2 Embedded sentences
+
+-- Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
+-- subjects and (adverbial) complements.
+
+    EmbedS    : S  -> SC ;               -- that you go
+    EmbedQS   : QS -> SC ;               -- whether you go
+    EmbedVP   : VP -> SC ;               -- to go
 
-    EmbedS  : S  -> SC ;
-    EmbedQS : QS -> SC ;
-    EmbedVP : VP -> SC ;
 
 }

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adjective.html

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
 <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
-<I>Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:56 2006</I><BR>
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adjectives and adjectival phrases</A>
+  </UL>
+
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>Adjectives and adjectival phrases</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Adjective = Cat ** {
     
@@ -65,6 +71,6 @@ by <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adjective.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Adverb.html

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
 <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
-<I>Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:56 2006</I><BR>
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">Adverbs and adverbial phrases</A>
+  </UL>
+
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>Adverbs and adverbial phrases</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Adverb = Cat ** {
     
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ Subordinate clauses can function as adverbs.
 </P>
 <PRE>
         SubjS : Subj -&gt; S -&gt; Adv ;               -- when he arrives
-        AdvSC : SC -&gt; Adv ;                      ---- REMOVE THIS?
+        AdvSC : SC -&gt; Adv ;                      -- that he arrives ---- REMOVE?
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 <P>
@@ -70,6 +76,6 @@ Comparison adverbs also work as numeral adverbs.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Adverb.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Basic.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:56 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Basic = Cat ** {
       fun
@@ -247,6 +251,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Basic.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Cat.html

@@ -6,27 +6,30 @@
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
 <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The category system</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
-<I>Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006</I><BR>
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">The category system</A>
     <UL>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc1">Top-level units</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Top-level units</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Tensed sentences</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Tensed sentences</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Clauses</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Questions and interrogatives</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Questions and interrogatives</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc6">Relative clauses and pronouns</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc6">Verb phrases</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc7">Verb phrases</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc7">Adjectival phrases</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc8">Adjectival phrases</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc8">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc9">Nouns and noun phrases</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc9">Adverbs</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc10">Adverbs</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc10">Numerals</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc11">Numerals</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc11">Structural words</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc12">Structural words</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc12">Words of open classes</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc13">Words of open classes</A>
     </UL>
+  </UL>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -36,13 +39,15 @@ Produced by
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>The category system</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Cat = {
     
       cat
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<A NAME="toc2"></A>
 <H2>Top-level units</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
@@ -54,7 +59,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
         Voc ;   -- vocative or "please"                e.g. "my darling"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc2"></A>
+<A NAME="toc3"></A>
 <H2>Tensed sentences</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ A simplified variant, with just present forms, is <A HREF="Untensed.html">Untens
         RS ;    -- relative                            e.g. "in which she lived"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc3"></A>
+<A NAME="toc4"></A>
 <H2>Clauses</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
@@ -75,9 +80,10 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Sentence.html">Sentence</A>.
         Cl ;    -- declarative clause, with all tenses e.g. "she looks at this"
         Slash ; -- clause missing NP (S/NP in GPSG)    e.g. "she looks at"
         Imp ;   -- imperative                          e.g. "look at this"
+        SC ;    -- embedded sentence or question       e.g. "that it rains"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc4"></A>
+<A NAME="toc5"></A>
 <H2>Questions and interrogatives</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Question.html">Question</A>.
         IDet ;  -- interrogative determiner            e.g. "which"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc5"></A>
+<A NAME="toc6"></A>
 <H2>Relative clauses and pronouns</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
@@ -99,7 +105,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Relative.html">Relative</A>.
         RP ;    -- relative pronoun                    e.g. "in which"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc6"></A>
+<A NAME="toc7"></A>
 <H2>Verb phrases</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
@@ -107,10 +113,9 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
 <PRE>
         VP ;    -- verb phrase                         e.g. "is very warm"
         Comp ;  -- complement of copula, such as AP    e.g. "very warm"
-        SC ;    -- embedded sentence or question       e.g. "that it rains"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc7"></A>
+<A NAME="toc8"></A>
 <H2>Adjectival phrases</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Adjective.html">Adjective</A>.
         AP ;    -- adjectival phrase                   e.g. "very warm"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc8"></A>
+<A NAME="toc9"></A>
 <H2>Nouns and noun phrases</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>. 
@@ -145,7 +150,7 @@ as defined in <A HREF="Noun.html">Noun</A>.
         Ord ;   -- ordinal number (used in Det)        e.g. "seventh"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc9"></A>
+<A NAME="toc10"></A>
 <H2>Adverbs</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Adverb.html">Adverb</A>.  
@@ -158,7 +163,7 @@ Many adverbs are constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
         AdN ;   -- numeral-modifying adverb,           e.g. "more than"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc10"></A>
+<A NAME="toc11"></A>
 <H2>Numerals</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Numeral.html">Numeral</A>.
         Numeral;-- cardinal or ordinal,                e.g. "five/fifth"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc11"></A>
+<A NAME="toc12"></A>
 <H2>Structural words</H2>
 <P>
 Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
@@ -181,7 +186,7 @@ Constructed in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
         Prep ;  -- preposition, or just case           e.g. "in"
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc12"></A>
+<A NAME="toc13"></A>
 <H2>Words of open classes</H2>
 <P>
 These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexicon modules.
@@ -208,6 +213,6 @@ These are constructed in <A HREF="Basic.html">Basic</A> and in additional lexico
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Cat.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Conjunction.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Conjunction = Cat ** {
     
@@ -50,6 +54,6 @@ These categories are internal to this module.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Conjunction.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lang.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:51 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Lang = 
       Noun,
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lang.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Lex.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Lex = Cat ** {
     
@@ -80,6 +84,6 @@ structural
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Lex.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ListConjunction.html

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 <P></P>
 <P>
 Author: 
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 16:38:51 2006
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Math.html

@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:57 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Math = Cat ** {
 </PRE>
@@ -59,6 +63,6 @@ This produces <I>x, y and z</I>, in English.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Math.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Noun.html

@@ -6,18 +6,21 @@
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
 <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
-<I>Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006</I><BR>
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</A>
     <UL>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc1">Noun phrases</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Noun phrases</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Determiners</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Determiners</A>
-    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Common nouns</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Common nouns</A>
     </UL>
+  </UL>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
@@ -27,13 +30,13 @@ Produced by
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>The construction of nouns, noun phrases, and determiners</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Noun = Cat ** {
-    
-      fun
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
-<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<A NAME="toc2"></A>
 <H2>Noun phrases</H2>
 <P>
 The three main types of noun phrases are
@@ -45,27 +48,32 @@ The three main types of noun phrases are
 </UL>
 
 <PRE>
+      fun
         DetCN   : Det -&gt; CN -&gt; NP ;   -- the man
         UsePN   : PN -&gt; NP ;          -- John
         UsePron : Pron -&gt; NP ;        -- he
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Pronouns are given in the module <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
+Pronouns are defined in the module <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
+A noun phrase already formed can be modified by a Predeterminer.
 </P>
-<A NAME="toc2"></A>
+<PRE>
+       PredetNP : Predet -&gt; NP -&gt; NP; -- only the man 
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc3"></A>
 <H2>Determiners</H2>
 <P>
-The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which four
+The determiner has a fine-grained structure, in which a 'nucleus'
-different optional parts can be discerned. The noun phrase
+quantifier and two optional parts can be discerned. 
-<I>all my first forty books</I> shows each of these parts.
 The cardinal numeral is only available for plural determiners.
 (This is modified from CLE by further dividing their <CODE>Num</CODE> into 
 cardinal and ordinal.)
 </P>
 <PRE>
-        DetSg : Predet -&gt; QuantSg -&gt;        Ord -&gt; Det ;
+        DetSg : QuantSg -&gt;        Ord -&gt; Det ;  -- this best man
-        DetPl : Predet -&gt; QuantPl -&gt; Num -&gt; Ord -&gt; Det ;
+        DetPl : QuantPl -&gt; Num -&gt; Ord -&gt; Det ;  -- these five best men
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 <P>
@@ -83,9 +91,8 @@ All parts of the determiner can be empty, except <CODE>Quant</CODE>, which is
 the <I>kernel</I> of a determiner.
 </P>
 <PRE>
-        NoPredet : Predet ;
+        NoNum  : Num ;
-        NoNum    : Num ;
+        NoOrd  : Ord ;
-        NoOrd    : Ord ;
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 <P>
@@ -144,7 +151,7 @@ in semantically odd expressions.
 <P>
 Other determiners are defined in <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A>.
 </P>
-<A NAME="toc3"></A>
+<A NAME="toc4"></A>
 <H2>Common nouns</H2>
 <P>
 Simple nouns can be used as nouns outright.
@@ -190,6 +197,6 @@ to decide. Sentential complements are defined in <A HREF="Verb.html">Verb</A>.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Noun.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Numeral.html

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
 <P>
+==
+</P>
+<P>
 numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation
 </P>
 <PRE>
@@ -56,6 +60,6 @@ numerals from 1 to 999999 in decimal notation
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Numeral.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsDut.html

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 <P></P>
 <P>
 Author: 
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 16:38:53 2006
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsEng.html

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:01 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
@@ -49,6 +50,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
 <P>
+==
+</P>
+<P>
 # -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
 </P>
 <A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -450,6 +454,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
 hidden from the document.
 </P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc english/ParadigmsEng.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsGer.html

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:01 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
 <P>
+==
+</P>
+<P>
 --# -path=.:../abstract:../../prelude
 </P>
 <P>
@@ -586,6 +590,6 @@ mkA2V v p = mkA2 v p **** {lock_A2 = &lt;&gt;} ;
 } ;
 </P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc german/ParadigmsGer.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/ParadigmsSwe.html

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:01 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
 <P>
+==
+</P>
+<P>
 # -path=.:../scandinavian:../common:../abstract:../../prelude
 </P>
 <A NAME="toc1"></A>
@@ -450,6 +454,6 @@ The definitions should not bother the user of the API. So they are
 hidden from the document.
 </P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc swedish/ParadigmsSwe.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Phrase.html

@@ -2,49 +2,91 @@
 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
+<TITLE> Phrases and utterances</TITLE>
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
+<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Phrases and utterances</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">Phrases and utterances</A>
+  </UL>
+
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006
-</P>
-<P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>Phrases and utterances</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Phrase = Cat, Tense ** {
-    
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<P>
+When a phrase is built from an utterance it can be prefixed
+with a phrasal conjunction (such as <I>but</I>, <I>therefore</I>)
+and suffixing with a vocative (typically a noun phrase).
+</P>
+<PRE>
       fun
-        PhrUtt  : PConj -&gt; Utt -&gt; Voc -&gt; Phr ;
+        PhrUtt   : PConj -&gt; Utt -&gt; Voc -&gt; Phr ; -- But go home my friend.
-    
+</PRE>
-        UttS    : S -&gt; Utt ;
+<P></P>
-        UttQS   : QS -&gt; Utt ;
+<P>
-        UttImpSg, UttImpPl  : Pol -&gt; Imp -&gt; Utt ;
+Utterances are formed from sentences, questions, and imperatives.
-    
+</P>
-        UttIP   : IP   -&gt; Utt ;
+<PRE>
-        UttIAdv : IAdv -&gt; Utt ;
+        UttS     : S -&gt; Utt ;                   -- John walks
-        UttNP   : NP   -&gt; Utt ;
+        UttQS    : QS -&gt; Utt ;                  -- is it good
-        UttAdv  : Adv  -&gt; Utt ;
+        UttImpSg : Pol -&gt; Imp -&gt; Utt;           -- (don't) help yourself
-        UttVP   : VP   -&gt; Utt ;
+        UttImpPl : Pol -&gt; Imp -&gt; Utt;           -- (don't) help yourselves
-    
+</PRE>
-        NoPConj : PConj ;
+<P></P>
-        PConjConj : Conj -&gt; PConj ;
+<P>
-    
+There are also 'one-word utterances'. A typical use of them is
+as answers to questions.
+<B>Note</B>. This list is incomplete. More categories could be covered.
+Moreover, in many languages e.g. noun phrases in different cases
+can be used.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        UttIP   : IP   -&gt; Utt ;                 -- who
+        UttIAdv : IAdv -&gt; Utt ;                 -- why
+        UttNP   : NP   -&gt; Utt ;                 -- this man
+        UttAdv  : Adv  -&gt; Utt ;                 -- here
+        UttVP   : VP   -&gt; Utt ;                 -- to sleep
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<P>
+The phrasal conjunction is optional. A sentence conjunction
+can also used to prefix an utterance.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        NoPConj   : PConj ;                      
+        PConjConj : Conj -&gt; PConj ;             -- and
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<P>
+The vocative is optional. Any noun phrase can be made into vocative,
+which may be overgenerating (e.g. <I>I</I>).
+</P>
+<PRE>
         NoVoc   : Voc ;
-        VocNP   : NP -&gt; Voc ;
+        VocNP   : NP -&gt; Voc ;                   -- my friend
+    
     }
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Phrase.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Question.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:58 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:52 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Question = Cat ** {
     
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Question.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Relative.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Relative = Cat ** {
     
@@ -36,6 +40,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Relative.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Sentence.html

@@ -2,43 +2,106 @@
 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
+<TITLE> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</TITLE>
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
+<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</A>
+    <UL>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Clauses</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Clauses missing object noun phrases</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Imperatives</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Embedded sentences</A>
+    </UL>
+  </UL>
+
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006
-</P>
-<P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>Clauses, imperatives, and sentential complements</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Sentence = Cat ** {
-    
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc2"></A>
+<H2>Clauses</H2>
+<P>
+The <CODE>NP VP</CODE> predication rule form a clause whose linearization
+gives a table of all tense variants, positive and negative.
+Clauses are converted to <CODE>S</CODE> (with fixed tense) in <A HREF="Tensed.html">Tensed</A>.
+</P>
+<PRE>
       fun
-    
+        PredVP    : NP -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ;         -- John walks
-        PredVP   : NP -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ;
+</PRE>
-        PredSCVP : SC -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ;
+<P></P>
-    
+<P>
-        ImpVP    : VP -&gt; Imp ;
+Using an embedded sentence as a subject is treated separately.
-    
+This can be overgenerating. E.g. <I>whether you go</I> as subject
-        SlashV2   : NP -&gt; V2 -&gt; Slash ;
+is only meaningful for some verb phrases.
-        SlashVVV2 : NP -&gt; VV -&gt; V2 -&gt; Slash ;
+</P>
-        AdvSlash  : Slash -&gt; Adv -&gt; Slash ;
+<PRE>
-        SlashPrep : Cl -&gt; Prep -&gt; Slash ;
+        PredSCVP  : SC -&gt; VP -&gt; Cl ;         -- that you go makes me happy
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc3"></A>
+<H2>Clauses missing object noun phrases</H2>
+<P>
+This category is a variant of the 'slash category' <CODE>S/NP</CODE> of
+GPSG and categorial grammars, which in turn replaces
+movement transformations in the formation of questions
+and relative clauses. Except <CODE>SlashV2</CODE>, the construction 
+rules can be seen as special cases of function composition, in
+the style of CCG.
+<B>Note</B> the set is not complete and lacks e.g. verbs with more than 2 places.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        SlashV2   : NP -&gt; V2 -&gt; Slash ;      -- (whom) he sees
+        SlashVVV2 : NP -&gt; VV -&gt; V2 -&gt; Slash; -- (whom) he wants to see 
+        AdvSlash  : Slash -&gt; Adv -&gt; Slash ;  -- (whom) he sees tomorrow
+        SlashPrep : Cl -&gt; Prep -&gt; Slash ;    -- (with whom) he walks 
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc4"></A>
+<H2>Imperatives</H2>
+<P>
+An imperative is straightforwardly formed from a verb phrase.
+It has variation over positive and negative, singular and plural.
+To fix these parameters, see <A HREF="Phrase.html">Phrase</A>.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        ImpVP     : VP -&gt; Imp ;              -- go
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc5"></A>
+<H2>Embedded sentences</H2>
+<P>
+Sentences, questions, and infinitival phrases can be used as
+subjects and (adverbial) complements.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        EmbedS    : S  -&gt; SC ;               -- that you go
+        EmbedQS   : QS -&gt; SC ;               -- whether you go
+        EmbedVP   : VP -&gt; SC ;               -- to go
     
     }
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Sentence.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/SeqConjunction.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract SeqConjunction = Cat ** {
 </PRE>
@@ -70,6 +74,6 @@ we use right-associative lists instead of GF's built-in lists
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/SeqConjunction.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Structural.html

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
 <P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
-<I>Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006</I><BR>
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
-% NOTE: this is a txt2tags file.
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</A>
+  </UL>
+
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ Produced by
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>GF Resource Grammar API for Structural Words</H1>
 <P>
 AR 21/11/2003 -- 30/11/2005
 </P>
@@ -158,6 +164,6 @@ they8fem_NP : NP ;
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Structural.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tense.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Tense = {
     
@@ -37,6 +41,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Tense.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Tensed.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:50:59 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Tensed = Cat, Tense ** {
     
@@ -32,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Tensed.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Test.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:53 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Test = 
       Noun,
@@ -39,6 +43,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Test.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Untensed.html

@@ -13,13 +13,17 @@
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006
+Author: 
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
 </P>
 <P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<P>
+==
+</P>
 <PRE>
     abstract Untensed = Cat ** {
     
@@ -32,6 +36,6 @@ gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Untensed.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/doc/gfdoc/Verb.html

@@ -2,63 +2,128 @@
 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 <META NAME="generator" CONTENT="http://txt2tags.sf.net">
+<TITLE> The construction of verb phrases</TITLE>
 </HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="white" TEXT="black">
+<P ALIGN="center"><CENTER><H1> The construction of verb phrases</H1>
 <FONT SIZE="4">
+<I>Author: </I><BR>
+Last update: Fri Jan 13 16:46:54 2006
 </FONT></CENTER>
 
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
+  <UL>
+  <LI><A HREF="#toc1">The construction of verb phrases</A>
+    <UL>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc2">Complementization rules</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc3">Other ways of forming verb phrases</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc4">Complements to copula</A>
+    <LI><A HREF="#toc5">Coercions</A>
+    </UL>
+  </UL>
+
 <P></P>
 <HR NOSHADE SIZE=1>
 <P></P>
 <P>
-Last update: Tue Jan 10 21:51:00 2006
-</P>
-<P>
 Produced by 
 gfdoc - a rudimentary GF document generator.
 (c) Aarne Ranta (<A HREF="mailto:aarne@cs.chalmers.se">aarne@cs.chalmers.se</A>) 2002 under GNU GPL.
 </P>
+<A NAME="toc1"></A>
+<H1>The construction of verb phrases</H1>
 <PRE>
     abstract Verb = Cat ** {
-    
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc2"></A>
+<H2>Complementization rules</H2>
+<P>
+Verb phrases are constructed from verbs by providing their
+complements. There is one rule for each verb category.
+</P>
+<PRE>
       fun
-        UseV    : V -&gt; VP ;
+        UseV     : V   -&gt; VP ;              -- sleep
-        ComplV2 : V2 -&gt; NP -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplV2  : V2  -&gt; NP -&gt; VP ;        -- use it
-        ComplV3 : V3 -&gt; NP -&gt; NP -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplV3  : V3  -&gt; NP -&gt; NP -&gt; VP ;  -- send a message to her
     
-        ComplVV : VV -&gt; VP -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplVV  : VV  -&gt; VP -&gt; VP ;        -- want to run
-        ComplVS : VS -&gt; S  -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplVS  : VS  -&gt; S  -&gt; VP ;        -- know that she runs
-        ComplVQ : VQ -&gt; QS -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplVQ  : VQ  -&gt; QS -&gt; VP ;        -- ask if she runs
     
-        ComplVA : VA -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplVA  : VA  -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ;        -- look red
-        ComplV2A : V2A -&gt; NP -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ;
+        ComplV2A : V2A -&gt; NP -&gt; AP -&gt; VP ;  -- paint the house red
-    
+</PRE>
-        ReflV2  : V2 -&gt; VP ;
+<P></P>
-        PassV2  : V2 -&gt; Comp ; --- overgen (V2 with prep)
+<A NAME="toc3"></A>
-    
+<H2>Other ways of forming verb phrases</H2>
-        UseComp : Comp -&gt; VP ;
+<P>
-    
+Verb phrases can also be constructed reflexively and from
-        AdvVP   : VP -&gt; Adv -&gt; VP ; -- here
+copula-preceded complements.
-        AdVVP   : AdV -&gt; VP -&gt; VP ; -- always
+</P>
-    
+<PRE>
-        CompAP  : AP  -&gt; Comp ;
+        ReflV2   : V2 -&gt; VP ;               -- use itself
-        CompNP  : NP  -&gt; Comp ;
+        UseComp  : Comp -&gt; VP ;             -- be warm
-        CompAdv : Adv -&gt; Comp ;
+</PRE>
-    
+<P></P>
-        UseVV   : VV -&gt; V2 ;
+<P>
-        UseVQ   : VQ -&gt; V2 ;
+Passivization of two-place verbs is another way to use
-        UseVS   : VS -&gt; V2 ;
+them. In many languages, the result is a participle that
-    
+is used as complement to a copula (<I>is used</I>), but other
-        EmbedS  : S  -&gt; SC ;
+auxiliary verbs are possible (Ger. <I>wird angewendet</I>, It.
-        EmbedQS : QS -&gt; SC ;
+<I>viene usato</I>), as well as special verb forms (Fin. <I>käytetään</I>,
-        EmbedVP : VP -&gt; SC ;
+Swe. <I>används</I>).
+</P>
+<P>
+<B>Note</B>. the rule can be overgenerating, since the <CODE>V2</CODE> need not
+take a direct object.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        PassV2   : V2 -&gt; VP ;               -- be used
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<P>
+Adverbs can be added to verb phrases. Many languages make
+a distinction between adverbs that are attached in the end
+vs. next to (or before) the verb.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        AdvVP    : VP -&gt; Adv -&gt; VP ;        -- sleep here
+        AdVVP    : AdV -&gt; VP -&gt; VP ;        -- always sleep
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<P>
+<B>Agents of passives</B> are constructed as adverbs with the
+preposition <A HREF="Structural.html">Structural</A><CODE>.8agent_Prep</CODE>.
+</P>
+<A NAME="toc4"></A>
+<H2>Complements to copula</H2>
+<P>
+Adjectival phrases, noun phrases, and adverbs can be used.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        CompAP   : AP  -&gt; Comp ;            -- (be) small
+        CompNP   : NP  -&gt; Comp ;            -- (be) a soldier
+        CompAdv  : Adv -&gt; Comp ;            -- (be) here
+</PRE>
+<P></P>
+<A NAME="toc5"></A>
+<H2>Coercions</H2>
+<P>
+Verbs can change subcategorization patterns in systematic ways,
+but this is very much language-dependent. The following two
+work in all the languages we cover.
+</P>
+<PRE>
+        UseVQ   : VQ -&gt; V2 ;                -- ask (a question)
+        UseVS   : VS -&gt; V2 ;                -- know (a secret)
     
     }
 </PRE>
 <P></P>
 
-<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.3 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
+<!-- html code generated by txt2tags 2.0 (http://txt2tags.sf.net) -->
 <!-- cmdline: txt2tags -thtml -\-toc abstract/Verb.txt -->
 </BODY></HTML>

lib/resource-1.0/english/ResEng.gf

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+--# -path=.:../abstract:../common:../../prelude
+
 --1 English auxiliary operations.
 
 -- This module contains operations that are needed to make the
@@ -205,7 +207,10 @@ resource ResEng = ParamEng ** open Prelude in {
       <Neg,{n = Sg ; p = P1}> => ["am not"] ; --- am not I
       _ => agrVerb (posneg b "is")  (posneg b "are") a
       } ;
-    past = \\b,a => agrVerb (posneg b "was") (posneg b "were") a ;
+    past = \\b,a => case a of {
+      {n = Sg ; p = P1|P3} => (posneg b "was") ;
+      _                    => (posneg b "were")
+      } ;
     inf  = "be" ;
     ppart = "been"
     } ;