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czech: fix noun paradigm selection, add loanword and adjectival types

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declensionNounForms only tested hardConsonant (d t g h k n r), so the neutral
consonants (b f l m p s v), which take the hard endings, matched nothing and
fell through to the soft declSTROJ fallback: graf, atom, profil, přístup were
all declined as if soft. Same gap in guessNounForms. Add hardishConsonant
(hard + neutral + the foreign z, x) and use it in both.

The genitive passed to the three-argument mkN was only used to pick a
paradigm, then thrown away, so the oblique stem was re-derived from the
nominative by dropFleetingE. That guesses wrong in both directions: it fires
on člen -> člnu, and fails to fire on uzel -> uzelu, doplněk -> doplněku,
výpočet -> výpočetu. Give declHRAD, declHRADA and declMUZ stem-taking
variants and let declensionNounForms pass the stem it was given. The
one-argument guessNounForms keeps the old dropFleetingE behaviour.

New paradigms, all previously falling back to declSTROJ:
  declLATINUS   algoritmus - algoritmu, kosmos - kosmu (also -os)
  declLATINUSA  the same, masculine animate
  declLATINUM   kontinuum - kontinua
  declGREEKMA   schéma - schématu
  declHRADA     les - lesa, zákon - zákona
  declADJF      proměnná - proměnné
  declADJM      nultý - nultého
  declINVAR     indeclinable loans: bombé, tamari, software

Also match feminine consonant stems by genitive (-i -> kost, -e/-ě -> píseň),
masculine -e/-ě genitives (kužel - kužele, král - krále), and neuter -ě
(těžiště), none of which were reachable before.

Measured on the 1177 nouns of informath's WikidataWordsCze: 225 hit the
fallback before, 1 after (the acronym ADE).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
aarneranta
2026-07-10 16:32:25 +02:00
parent a79202f667
commit 344342012d
1 changed files with 122 additions and 19 deletions
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src/czech/ResCze.gf
+122 -19
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@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ oper
softConsonant : pattern Str = #("ť"|"ď"|"j"|"ň"|"ř"|"š"|"c"|"č"|"ž") ;
neutralConsonant : pattern Str = #("b"|"f"|"l"|"m"|"p"|"s"|"v") ;
-- neutral consonants take the hard endings by default (hrad, pán), and so do
-- the foreign "z" and "x"; this is the class to test when choosing a paradigm
hardishConsonant : pattern Str =
#("d"|"t"|"g"|"h"|"k"|"n"|"r" | "b"|"f"|"l"|"m"|"p"|"s"|"v" | "z"|"x") ;
consonant : pattern Str =
#(
"d" | "t" | "g" | "h" | "k" | "n" | "r" |
@@ -139,22 +144,33 @@ oper
declensionNounForms : (nom,gen : Str) -> Gender -> NounForms
= \nom,gen,g ->
let decl : DeclensionType = case <g, nom, gen> of {
<Masc Anim, _ + #hardConsonant, _ + "a"> => declPAN ;
<Masc Anim, _ + "a" , _ + "a"> => declPREDSEDA ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + #hardConsonant, _ + "u"> => declHRAD ;
<Fem, _ + "a" , _ + "y"> => declZENA ;
<Neutr, _ + "o" , _ + "a"> => declMESTO ;
<Masc Anim, _ + #softConsonant, _ + "e"> => declMUZ ;
<Masc Anim, _ + "tel" , _ + "e"> => declMUZ ;
-- the oblique stem, for the paradigms that cannot derive it from the nominative
let stem : Str = Predef.tk 1 gen ;
decl : DeclensionType = case <g, nom, gen> of {
<Masc Anim, _ + "tel" , _ + "e"> => declMUZstem stem ;
<Masc Anim, _ + "ce" , _ + "e"> => declSOUDCE ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + #softConsonant, _ + "e"> => declSTROJ ;
<Masc Anim, _ + ("us"|"os") , _ + "a"> => declLATINUSA ;
<Masc Anim, _ + "a" , _ + "a"> => declPREDSEDA ;
<Masc Anim, _ + (#softConsonant|#hardishConsonant), _ + ("e"|"ě")> => declMUZstem stem ;
<Masc Anim, _ + #hardishConsonant, _ + "a"> => declPAN ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + ("us"|"os") , _ + "u"> => declLATINUS ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + "ý" , _ + "ého"> => declADJM ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + (#softConsonant|#hardishConsonant), _ + ("e"|"ě")> => declSTROJ ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + #hardishConsonant, _ + "u"> => declHRADstem stem ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + #hardishConsonant, _ + "a"> => declHRADAstem stem ;
<Fem, _ + "a" , _ + "y"> => declZENA ;
<Fem, _ + "á" , _ + "é"> => declADJF ;
<Fem, _ + ("e"|"ě") , _ + ("e"|"ě")> => declRUZE ;
<Fem, _ + #softConsonant, _ + "e"> => declPISEN ;
<Fem, _ + "ost" , _ + "i"> => declKOST ; --- also many other "st" 3.6.3
<Fem, _ + (#softConsonant|#hardishConsonant), _ + "i"> => declKOST ; --- also many other "st" 3.6.3
<Fem, _ + (#softConsonant|#hardishConsonant), _ + ("e"|"ě")> => declPISEN ;
<Neutr, _ + "um" , _ + "a"> => declLATINUM ;
<Neutr, _ + "ma" , _ + ("matu"|"mata")> => declGREEKMA ;
<Neutr, _ + "o" , _ + "a"> => declMESTO ;
<Neutr, _ + "e" , _+"ete"> => declKURE ;
<Neutr, _ + "e" , _ + "e"> => declMORE ;
<Neutr, _ + "í" , _ + "í"> => declSTAVENI ;
<Neutr, _ + ("e"|"ě") , _ + ("e"|"ě")> => declMORE ;
<Masc Inanim, _ + ("é"|"i"|"y"|"e"), _ + ("é"|"i"|"y"|"e")> => declINVAR (Masc Inanim) ;
<Neutr, _ + ("é"|"i"|"y") , _ + ("é"|"i"|"y")> => declINVAR Neutr ;
_ => (\s -> declSTROJ ("" + s)) -- Predef.error ("cannot infer declension type for" ++ nom ++ gen)
}
in decl nom ;
@@ -165,12 +181,14 @@ oper
= \s -> case s of {
_ + "ost" => declKOST s ;
_ + "tel" => declMUZ s ;
_ + #hardConsonant => declHRAD s ;
_ + "us" => declLATINUS s ;
_ + "um" => declLATINUM s ;
_ + #hardishConsonant => declHRAD s ;
_ + #softConsonant => declSTROJ s ;
_ + "a" => declZENA s ;
_ + "o" => declMESTO s ;
_ + "ce" => declSOUDCE s ;
_ + "e" => declMORE s ;
_ + ("e"|"ě") => declMORE s ;
_ + "í" => declSTAVENI s ;
_ => declSTROJ ("" + s) -- Predef.error ("cannot guess declension type for" ++ s)
} ;
@@ -216,9 +234,9 @@ oper
g = Masc Anim
} ;
declHRAD : DeclensionType = \hrad -> --- 3.5.2: sloc u/ě/e extra arg, sport-u, hrad-ě ; sgen u/a
let hrd = dropFleetingE hrad
in
-- the oblique stem is a separate argument, because it cannot always be
-- derived from the nominative: uzel-uzlu but člen-členu
declHRADstem : Str -> DeclensionType = \hrd,hrad ->
{
snom,sacc = hrad ;
sgen,sdat = hrd + "u" ; --- Berlín-a
@@ -233,6 +251,9 @@ oper
g = Masc Inanim
} ;
declHRAD : DeclensionType = \hrad -> --- 3.5.2: sloc u/ě/e extra arg, sport-u, hrad-ě ; sgen u/a
declHRADstem (dropFleetingE hrad) hrad ;
declZENA : DeclensionType = \zena -> --- 3.6.1 sge y/i ; pgen sometimes shortening
let zen = init zena
in
@@ -270,9 +291,91 @@ oper
g = Neutr
} ;
-- Latin masculines in -us: the ending is dropped outside the nominative
-- (algoritmus - algoritmu), otherwise they follow hrad
declLATINUS : DeclensionType = \algoritmus ->
let algoritm = Predef.tk 2 algoritmus
in declHRAD algoritm ** {
snom, sacc = algoritmus ;
svoc = algoritm + "e"
} ;
declLATINUSA : DeclensionType = \genius ->
declLATINUS genius ** {g = Masc Anim} ;
-- Latin neuters in -um: the ending is dropped outside the nominative
-- (kontinuum - kontinua), otherwise they follow město
declLATINUM : DeclensionType = \kompaktum ->
let kompakt = Predef.tk 2 kompaktum
in declMESTO (kompakt + "o") ** {
snom, sacc, svoc = kompaktum
} ;
-- Greek neuters in -ma, with the stem extended by -t- (schéma - schématu)
declGREEKMA : DeclensionType = \schema ->
let schemat = schema + "t"
in {
snom,sacc,svoc = schema ;
sgen,sdat,sloc = schemat + "u" ;
sins = schemat + "em" ;
pnom,pacc = schemat + "a" ;
pgen = schemat ;
pdat = schemat + "ům" ;
ploc = schemat + "ech" ;
pins = schemat + "y" ;
g = Neutr
} ;
-- the hrad type with genitive -a instead of -u (les - lesa, zákon - zákona)
declHRADAstem : Str -> DeclensionType = \les_,les ->
declHRADstem les_ les ** {sgen = les_ + "a"} ;
declHRADA : DeclensionType = \les ->
declHRADAstem (dropFleetingE les) les ;
-- nouns that are adjectives in form: proměnná - proměnné, nultý - nultého
declADJF : DeclensionType = \promenna ->
let a = mladyAdjForms (init promenna + "ý")
in {
snom,svoc = a.fsnom ;
sgen = a.fsgen ;
sdat,sloc = a.fsdat ;
sacc = a.fsacc ;
sins = a.fsins ;
pnom,pacc = a.fpnom ;
pgen,ploc = a.pgen ;
pdat = a.msins ;
pins = a.pins ;
g = Fem
} ;
declADJM : DeclensionType = \nulty ->
let a = mladyAdjForms nulty
in {
snom,sacc,svoc = a.msnom ;
sgen = a.msgen ;
sdat = a.msdat ;
sloc = a.msloc ;
sins = a.msins ;
pnom,pacc = a.fpnom ;
pgen,ploc = a.pgen ;
pdat = a.msins ;
pins = a.pins ;
g = Masc Inanim
} ;
-- indeclinable loans: bombé, tamari, software
declINVAR : Gender -> DeclensionType = \g,s -> {
snom,sgen,sdat,sacc,svoc,sloc,sins = s ;
pnom,pgen,pdat,pacc,ploc,pins = s ;
g = g
} ;
declMUZ : DeclensionType = \muz_ -> --- 3.5.3 : sdat,sloc ; pnom
let muz = dropFleetingE muz_
in
declMUZstem (dropFleetingE muz_) muz_ ;
declMUZstem : Str -> DeclensionType = \muz,muz_ ->
{
snom = muz_ ;
sgen,sacc = muz + "e" ; --- pacc