czech: fill in the lins needed to build an application grammar

The Czech resource was too incomplete to compile a Syntax/Grammar client:
Sentence, Idiom and Question defined almost nothing, and many Structural
words were absent, so MissingCze's notYet stubs were reached at PMCFG
generation time.

Added:
  CatCze        lincat VV
  SentenceCze   AdvS, ExtAdvS, SSubjS, EmbedS, EmbedQS, ImpVP
  IdiomCze      ImpP3, ExistNP, ImpersCl, GenericCl
  VerbCze       CompCN, ComplVS, ComplVV, PassV2
  NounCze       SentCN, PredetNP
  AdverbCze     SubjS
  QuestionCze   QuestIAdv
  PhraseCze     UttImpSg, UttImpPl, UttImpPol
  StructuralCze all_Predet, both7and_DConj, between_Prep, by8means_Prep,
                can_VV, either7or_DConj, every_Det, if_Subj, no_Quant,
                on_Prep, someSg_Det, that_Subj, under_Prep, where_IAdv
  ExtendCze     ExistsNP no longer excluded

Three of these approximate, because VerbForms lacks the required forms:
ImpVP uses the 1st person plural present ("předpokládáme, že ...") as there
is no imperative; PassV2 uses the reflexive passive ("číslo se dělí") as
passpart is commented out in ResCze; ImpP3 uses "nechť", which suits
mathematical text more than the "let John walk" of the RGL example.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/czech/AdverbCze.gf

@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ lin
       s = prep.s ++ np.prep ! prep.c
       } ;
 
+    SubjS subj s = {
+      s = subj.s ++ s.s
+      } ;
+
 }

src/czech/CatCze.gf

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ concrete CatCze of Cat =
     VPSlash = {verb : VerbForms ; clit,compl : Agr => Str ; c : ComplementCase} ; ----
     V  = ResCze.VerbForms ;
     V2 = ResCze.VerbForms ** {c : ComplementCase} ;
-    VS,VQ = ResCze.VerbForms ;
+    VS,VQ,VV = ResCze.VerbForms ;
 
     A  = ResCze.AdjForms ;
     AP = ResCze.Adjective ** {isPost : Bool} ; -- {s : Gender => Number => Case => Str}

src/czech/ExtendCze.gf

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ concrete ExtendCze of Extend = CatCze **
     ,SlashBareV2S
     ,PredIAdvVP
     ,PredAPVP
-    ,ExistsNP
     ,ExistS
     ,ExistPluralCN
     ,ExistNPQS

src/czech/IdiomCze.gf

@@ -1,5 +1,32 @@
 concrete IdiomCze of Idiom = CatCze ** open Prelude, ResCze in {
 
+lin
+    ImpP3 np vp = {
+      s = "nechť" ++ np.s ! Nom ++ vp.clit ! np.a ++
+          verbAgr vp.verb np.a True ++ vp.compl ! np.a
+      } ;
 
+    ImpersCl vp = let agr = Ag Neutr Sg P3 in {
+      subj  = [] ;
+      clit  = vp.clit ! agr ;
+      compl = vp.compl ! agr ;
+      verb  = vp.verb ;
+      a     = agr
+      } ;
+
+    GenericCl vp = let agr = Ag (Masc Anim) Pl P3 in {
+      subj  = [] ;
+      clit  = vp.clit ! agr ;
+      compl = vp.compl ! agr ;
+      verb  = vp.verb ;
+      a     = agr
+      } ;
+
+    ExistNP np = {
+      subj, clit = [] ;
+      compl = np.s ! Nom ;
+      verb = iii_kupovatVerbForms "existovat" ;
+      a = np.a
+      } ;
 
 }

src/czech/MissingCze.gf

@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ oper AdjOrd : Ord -> AP = notYet "AdjOrd" ;
 oper AdnCAdv : CAdv -> AdN = notYet "AdnCAdv" ;
 oper AdvIAdv : IAdv -> Adv -> IAdv = notYet "AdvIAdv" ;
 oper AdvIP : IP -> Adv -> IP = notYet "AdvIP" ;
-oper AdvS : Adv -> S -> S = notYet "AdvS" ;
 oper AdvSlash : ClSlash -> Adv -> ClSlash = notYet "AdvSlash" ;
 oper CAdvAP : CAdv -> AP -> NP -> AP = notYet "CAdvAP" ;
 oper CleftAdv : Adv -> S -> Cl = notYet "CleftAdv" ;
 oper CleftNP : NP -> RS -> Cl = notYet "CleftNP" ;
-oper CompCN : CN -> Comp = notYet "CompCN" ;
 oper CompIAdv : IAdv -> IComp = notYet "CompIAdv" ;
 oper CompIP : IP -> IComp = notYet "CompIP" ;
 oper ComparA : A -> NP -> AP = notYet "ComparA" ;

src/czech/NounCze.gf

@@ -99,5 +99,12 @@ lin
     NumDecimal ds = ds ** {s = \\_,_ => ds.s} ;
     NumNumeral nu = nu ;
 
+    SentCN cn sc = cn ** {s = \\n,c => cn.s ! n ! c ++ sc.s} ;
+
+    PredetNP pred np = np ** {
+      s    = \\c => pred.s ++ np.s ! c ;
+      clit = \\c => pred.s ++ np.clit ! c ;
+      prep = \\c => pred.s ++ np.prep ! c
+      } ;
 
 }

src/czech/PhraseCze.gf

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ lin
     UttNP np = {s = np.s ! Nom} ;
     UttVP vp = let agr = Ag Neutr Sg P3 in {s = vp.clit ! agr ++ vp.verb.inf ++ vp.compl ! agr} ; 
 
+    UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s} ;
+    UttImpPl pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s} ;
+    UttImpPol pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s} ;
+
     PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;
 
 

src/czech/QuestionCze.gf

@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ concrete QuestionCze of Question = CatCze **
 lin
     QuestCl cl = cl ; ----
 
+    QuestIAdv iadv cl = cl ** {clit = iadv.s ++ cl.clit} ;
+
 }

src/czech/SentenceCze.gf

@@ -28,5 +28,24 @@ lin
 		 pol.s ++ verbAgr rcl.verb a pol.p ++
 		 rcl.compl ! a ;
       } ;
-    
+
+-- no imperative in VerbForms yet; the 1st person plural present is used
+-- instead, which is the normal register in mathematical Czech
+-- ("předpokládáme, že ..." = "we assume that ...")
+    ImpVP vp = let agr = Ag (Masc Anim) Pl P1 in
+      {s = vp.clit ! agr ++ verbAgr vp.verb agr True ++ vp.compl ! agr} ;
+
+    EmbedS s = {s = "že" ++ s.s} ;
+
+    EmbedQS qs = {s = qs.s} ;
+
+    EmbedVP vp = let agr = Ag Neutr Sg P3 in
+      {s = vp.clit ! agr ++ vp.verb.inf ++ vp.compl ! agr} ;
+
+    AdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ s.s} ;
+
+    ExtAdvS a s = {s = a.s ++ SOFT_BIND ++ "," ++ s.s} ;
+
+    SSubjS a subj b = {s = a.s ++ SOFT_BIND ++ "," ++ subj.s ++ b.s} ;
+
 }

src/czech/StructuralCze.gf

@@ -1,11 +1,42 @@
 concrete StructuralCze of Structural = CatCze **
   open ParadigmsCze, ResCze, Prelude in {
 
+-- a singular determiner inflecting like an adjective, e.g. "každý", "nějaký"
+oper
+  adjDet : AdjForms -> Determiner = \afs -> {
+    s = \\g,c => (adjFormsAdjective afs).s ! g ! Sg ! c ;
+    size = Num1
+    } ;
+
 lin
+    all_Predet = {s = "všechny"} ;
     and_Conj = mkConj "a" ;
+    both7and_DConj = {s1 = "jak" ; s2 = "tak"} ;
+    between_Prep = mkPrep "mezi" Ins ;
     by8agent_Prep = mkPrep "od" Gen ; ---- TODO this means "from", there might be no good translation
+    by8means_Prep = mkPrep "pomocí" Gen ;
+    can_VV = {
+      inf = "moci" ;
+      pressg1 = "mohu" ;
+      pressg2 = "můžeš" ;
+      pressg3, negpressg3 = "může" ;
+      prespl1 = "můžeme" ;
+      prespl2 = "můžete" ;
+      prespl3 = "mohou" ;
+      pastpartsg = "mohl" ;
+      pastpartpl = "mohli" ;
+      } ;
+    either7or_DConj = {s1 = "buď" ; s2 = "nebo"} ;
+    every_Det = adjDet (mladyAdjForms "každý") ;
     few_Det = invarNumeral "málo" ; -- CEG 6.8 --- TODO genitive mála
     for_Prep = mkPrep "pro" accusative ;
+    if_Subj = {s = "jestliže"} ;
+    no_Quant = adjFormsAdjective (mladyAdjForms "žádný") ;
+    on_Prep = mkPrep "na" Loc ;
+    someSg_Det = adjDet (mladyAdjForms "nějaký") ;
+    that_Subj = {s = "že"} ;
+    under_Prep = mkPrep "pod" Ins ;
+    where_IAdv = {s = "kde"} ;
     from_Prep = mkPrep (pre {"s"|"z" => "ze" ; _ => "z"}) Gen ; ---- consonant clusters
     have_V2 = mkV2 haveVerbForms ;
     in_Prep = mkPrep (pre {"v"|"m" => "ve" ; _ => "v"}) Loc ; ----

src/czech/VerbCze.gf

@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ lin
     CompNP np = {
       s = \\a_ => np.s ! Nom ; ---- InstrC in Pol
       } ;
+
+    CompCN cn = {
+      s = \\a => case a of {
+        Ag _ n _ => cn.s ! n ! Nom ---- InstrC also possible
+        }
+      } ;
       
     CompAdv adv = {
       s = \\a_ => adv.s
@@ -45,4 +51,24 @@ lin
       compl = \\a => vp.compl ! a ++ adv.s
       } ;
 
+-- VerbForms has no passive participle yet, so the reflexive passive is used:
+-- "číslo se dělí" = "the number is divided"
+    PassV2 v = {
+      verb  = v ;
+      clit  = \\_ => "se" ;
+      compl = \\_ => []
+      } ;
+
+    ComplVV vv vp = {
+      verb  = vv ;
+      clit  = vp.clit ;
+      compl = \\a => vp.verb.inf ++ vp.compl ! a
+      } ;
+
+    ComplVS vs s = {
+      verb  = vs ;
+      clit  = \\_ => [] ;
+      compl = \\_ => SOFT_BIND ++ "," ++ "že" ++ s.s
+      } ;
+
 }